CHAPTER 1 THE LANGUAGE OF CHEMISTRY

Exercise 1(A)
Q.1. What is a symbol ? What is information does it convey?

Ans. Symbol :A symbol represent short form of an element.

It is convey following element.

i) It represents a specific element.

ii) It represents one atom of an element.
iii) A symbol represents one atom of an element.
iv) It represents no. of times an atom is heavier than one atomic mass unit (a.m.u)
taken as a standard.

Q.2. Why is the symbol S for Sulphur, but Na for element represented by the Au,pb,Sn,Hg.

Ans. IUPAC means International Union of pure of and Applied Chemistry.

Au-Gold ,Pb-Lead, Sn-Tin, Hg – Mercury.

Q.4. IF the symbol for Cobalt, Co, were written a Co, what would be wrong with it ?

Ans. Co Stands for Cobalt, if we write it Co then it shows itself as a compound containing two
non-metal i.e. Carbon and oxygen which form a gas carbon monoxide which is named by
Greek Prefix.

Q.5. What do the following symbol for (a) H (b) H 2 (c)2H (d) 2H 2

Ans. (a)H stands for one atom of hydrogen.

(b) H 2 stands for one molecule of hydrogen.

(c) 2H Stands for one molecule of hydrogen.

(d) 2H 2 Stands for two atoms and one molecule of hydrogen.

Q.6. What is meant by atomicity ? Name a diatomic element.

Ans. Atomicity : The number of atoms in a molecule of an element is called its atomicity.

Diatomic molecules – Element having two atoms in their molecules, e.g., hydrogen
  H 2  , Oxygen (O2 ), Nitrigen ( N2 ).
Q.7. a) Explain the term “Valiancy” and ‘variable’valency’.

b) How are the elements with variable valencynamed ? Explain with an example.

Ans. a) Valency : It is a combining capacity of an element. It is the no. of electrons that are
shared, lost or gained during the course of a chemical reaction.

E.g. i) Valency of Na+1 because it can lose one electron.

ii) Valency of O is -2 because it can accepts two electrons.

e.g., i) Iron when added to hydrochloric acid form iron (ii) chloride Fe (ii) Iron when
heated with chloride forms iron (iii) Chloride

b) If an element exhibits two different positive valences then

i) for the lower valency use the suffix—OUS at the name of the metal.

ii) For the higher valency use a suffix—IC at the end of the metal.

e.g. Element lower valency higher valency

Ferrum (Iron) Ferrous ( Fe2 ) Ferric ( Fe3 )

Q.8. Give the formula and valencyof :

Ans. a) aluminate b) chromate c) aluminum d) Cupric

Ans.NameFormula valency

a) Aluminate AlO2 2
b) Chromate CrO4 2
c) Aluminium Al 3
d) Cupric Cu 2

Q.10. a) What is a chemical formula? (b) What is the significance of a formula Give an
example to illustrate.

Ans. A molecule formula also known as chemical formula employs symbols to denotes
molecules of an elements or a compound.
 Signification of molecular formula

The molecular formula of a compound has quantitative significance. It represents :

i) Both the molecular and the molecular mass of the compound.

ii) The respective number of different atoms present in one molecule of the
compound.
iii) The ratio of the respective masses of the elements present in the compound.
For example, the formula CO2 means that :
i) The molecular formula of carbon dioxide is CO2 ;
ii) Each molecular contains are carbon atom joined by chemical bonds with
two oxygen atoms;
iii) The molecular mass of carbon dioxide is 44, given that the atomic mass of
carbon is 12 and that of oxygen is 16.

Q.10. What do you understand by the following ?

a) Acid radical

b) Basic radical

c)Acid radical

d) Basic radical

Ans. Acid Radical : The electropositive or negatively charged radical is called acid radical e.g.,
Cl  , O2

b) Basic Radical : The electropositive or positively charged radical is called basic radical e.g.
K  , Na 

Q.11. Select the basic and acidic radicals in the following compounds.

(a) MgSO4 (b) ( NH 4 ) 2 SO4

(c) Al2 ( SO4 )3 (d ) ZnCO3 (e) Mg (OH ) 2

(a ) MgSO4 Mg 2 Basic radical SO4 2 Acid radical

(b) ( NH 4 ) SO4
 NH 3  Basic radical  SO4  Acid radical
1 2

(c) AI 2 ( SO )3
Zn 2 basic radical CO3  Acid radical
2
Ans. (d ) ZnCO3
Mg 2 basic radical OH  Acid radical
1
(e) Mg (OH ) 2
Q.12. Write chemical formula of the sulphate of aluminium, Ammonium and zinc.

Ans. Chemical formula of

i) Aluminum sulphate

Al2 [ SO 4 ]5
The Chemical formula of Almunium sulphate is

ii) Ammonium sulpahte

[ NH 4 ]2 SO4
The chemical formula of Ammonium sulphate is

iii)

Zn[SO4 ]
The chemical formula of Zinc Sulphate is

Q.13. The valiancy of an element A is 3 and that of element B is 2. Write the form of the
compound formed by combination of A and B

A2 B3 is the formula of compound formed.

Ans.

Q.14. Match of the following : (Refer common name in the beginning of the body )

Compound Formula

a) Boric acid NaOH

b) Phosphoric acid SiO2
c) Nitrous acid Na2CO3
 d) Nitric acid KOH
e) Sulphurous acid CaCO3
f) Sulphuric acid NaHCO3
g) Hydrochloric acid H2S
h) Silica (sand) H 2O
i) Caustic soda PH 3
(Sodium hydroxide)
j) Caustic potash CH 2
(potassium hydroxide)
k) Washing soda NH 3
(Sodium carbonate)
l) Baking soda HCl
(sodium bicarbonate)

m) Lime stone
H 2 SO3
n) Water HNO3
o) Hydrogen sulphide HNO2
p) Ammonia H 3 BO3
q) Phosphine H 3 PO4
r) Methane H 2 SO4

Ans.

a)Boric acid H 3 BO3

b) Phosphoric acid H 3 PO4

c) Nitrous acid HNO2

d) Nitric acid HNO3

e) Sulphurous acid H 2 SO3

f) Sulphuric acid H 2 SO4

g) Hydrochloric acid HCl

h) Silica (sand) SiO2

 i) Caustic potash NaOH

j) Caustic potash KOH

k) Washing soda Na2CO3

l)Baking soda NaHCO3

m) Lime stone, CaCo3

n) Water H 2O

o) Hydrogen Sulphide H2S

p) Ammonia NH 3

q) Phosphine PH 3

r) Phosphine CH 4

Q.15. Write the basic radicals and acidic radicals of the following and then write chemical formula of
these compounds.

Ans. Compounds basic radical Acidic radical Chemical formula

a) Barium Sulphate
b) Bismuth nitrate
c) Calcium Bromide
d) Ferrous sulphide
e) Chromium sulphate
f) Calcium silicate
g) Stannic oxide
h) Sodium zincate
i) Magnesium phosphate
j) Sodium thiosulfate
k) Stannic Phosphate
l) Nickel Bisulphate
m) Postassium Magnate
n) Potassium Ferrocyanide

Ans. Compound Basic radical Acidic radical Chemical formula

 a) Barium Sulphate Ba 2 SO4 2 Ba(SO4 )
b) Bismuth nitrate Bi 3 NO3 Bi(NO3 )3
c) Calcium Bromide Ca 2 Br  CaBr2
d) Ferrous sulphide Fe2 Br  CaBr2
e) Chromium sulphate Cr 2 S 2 FeS
f) Calcium silicate Ca 2 SO4 2
Cr2 (SO4 )3
g) Stannic oxide Sn4 SiO32 CaSiO3
h) Sodium zincate Na  O 2 SnO2
i) Magnesium phosphate Mg 2 ZnO2 2 Na2 ZnO2
j) Sodium thiosulfate Na  PO43 Mg3 ( PO4 )2
k) Stannic Phosphate Sn4 S2O32 Na2 S2O3
l) Nickel Bisulphate Ni 2 HSO4  Ni(HSO4 )2
 2
m) Potassium Manganate K MnO4 K 2 MnO4
Fe  CN 6 K 4 Fe  CN 6
4
n) Potassium Ferrocyanide K

Q.16 Write the chemical names of the following compounds:

(a ) Ca  PO4 2
(b) K 2 CO 3
(c) K 2 MnO4
(d ) Mn 3  BO3 2
(e) Mg  HCO3 2
( f ) Na 4 Fe  CN 6
( g ) Ba  ClO3 2
(h) Ag 2 SO3
(i )  CH 3COO  2 Pb
( j ) Na2 SiO3
Ans. a) calcium phosphate b) Potassium Carbonate c) Potassium Manganate d) Manganese Borate
e) Magnesium Bicarbonate f) Sodium Ferrocyanide g) Barium Chlorate h) Silver Sulphite i)
Lead Acetate j) Sodium Silicate.

Q.17. Give the names of the following compounds.

a) KCIO b) KCIO2 c) KCIO3 d) KCIO 4

Ans. a) Potassium hypochlorite b) Potassium Chlorite

c) Potassium Chlorate d) Potassium perchlorate

Q.18. Complete of the following statement by selecting the correct option :

a) The formula of a compound represents:

i) an atom, ii) a particle, iii) A molecule, iv) A combination.

b)The correct formula of aluminium oxide is:

i)AlO3 ii) AlO2 iii)Al2O3 iv) Al3O2

c) The valency of nitrogen in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is

i) one ii)two iii)three iv)four

Ans. a)a molecule b) Al2O3 c) Four

Q.19. Give the names of the following element an number of atoms of those elements, present in
the following compounds.

a) Sodium soda b) Quick lime

c) Baking soda ( NaHCO3 ) d) Ammonia

e) Ammonium dichromate

Ans .

Compounds Chemical Formula Elements present No. of atoms

(a) Sodium sulphate Na2 SO 4 Sodium,Sulphur & i) 2 atoms of sodium
oxygen 1 atom of Sulphur
4 atoms of Oxygen
b) Quick lime CaO Calcium ,oxygen ii) 1 atom of calcium
1 atom of oxygen
c) Baking soda NaHCO3 Sodium hydrogen, iii) 1 atom of Sodium
 carbon & oxygen 1 atom of Hydrogen
1 atom of Carbon
1 atom of oxygen
d) Ammonia NH 4 Nitrogen & hydrogen iv) 1 atom of Nitrogen
4 atoms of Hydrogen
e) Ammonium  NH 4 2 Cr2O2 Nitrogen, hydrogen, v) 2 atoms of Nitrogen
Dichromate Chromium, oxygen 8 atoms of hydrogen
2 atoms of
chromium
7 atoms of oxygen

Q.20. The formula of the sulphate of an element M is M 2  SO4 3 . Write the formula of its

a) Chloride b) Oxide

c) Phosphate d) Acetates

Ans a) Formula of chloride of M is MCl3

b) Formula of oxide of M is M 2O3

c) Formula of phosphate of M is MPO4

d) Formula of acetate of M is C6 H9 MOH 6

 EXERCISE 1 (B)

Q.1 . What is a chemical equation ? why it is necessary to balance

Ans.
it ? A chemical equation is the symbolic representation of chemical reaction using the symbol and
formulae of the substance involved in the reaction.

An equation must be balanced is order to comply with the “Low of conservation of Matter”,
which state that matter is neither created nor destroyed in the course of a chemical reaction. An
unbalanced equation would imply that atoms have been created or destroyed.

The information conveyed by the following

Zn( S )  2 HCI (aq)  ZnCI 2  aq   H 2

Q.2. State the information conveyed by the following equation.

Ans. Physical state of reactants and products can be provided by using the letter (s) for solid (l) for
 
liquid,(g) for gas or upward arrow  And (aq) for solution in water.

Q.3. What is the limitation of the reaction given in equation 2.

Ans. The limitations of the reaction Zn  s   2 HCI  aq   ZnCI 2  aq   H 2  are :

i) A chemical equation does not tell the time taken for the reaction.
ii) A chemical equation does not tell whether heat is given out or absorbed during the
reaction.
iii) It does not tell the rate at which the reaction process.
iv) It does not tell whether the reaction is reversible or irreversible.

Q.4. Write chemical equation for the following word equation and balance them.

a) Carbon +Oxygen  Carbon dioxide

b) Nitrogen + Oxygen  Nitrogen monoxide

c) Calcium +Nitrogen  Calcium nitride

d) Magnesium + Sulphuric acid  Magnesium sulphate + Hydrogen

e)Calcium oxide + Carbon Dioxide  Calcium carbonate

f) Sodium reacts with water to from sodium hydroxide and hydrogen.

Ans. (a) C  g   O2  g   CO2  g 

b) N 2 ( g )  O2 ( g )  Ca 3 N3 ( s )

c) CaO( s ) N 2 (g)  CaCo 3 ( s)

d) CaO( S )  CO2 (g)  CaCO3 ( s)

e) Mg ( s )  H 2 SO4  MgSO4 (S )  H 2 ( g )

f) 2 Na  2 H 2  2 NaOH  H 2

Q.5. Balance the following equations.

Fe  H 2O  Fe3O4  H 2
Ca  N 2  Ca3 N 2
Zn  KOH  k2 ZnO2  H 2
Fe2O3  Co  Fe  CO2
PbO  NH 3  Pb  H 2O  N 2
PbS  O2  PbO  SO2
S  H 2 SO4  SO2  H 2O
S  HNO2  H 2 So4  NO2O
MnO2  HCI  MnCI 2  H 2O  CI 2
C  H 2 SO4  CO2  H 2O  SO2
KOH  CI 2  KCI  KCIO  H 2O
NO2  H 2O  NHO2
Pb3O4  HCI  PbCI 2  H 2O  CO2
H 2O  CI 2  HCI  O2
NaHCO3  NO2  H 2O  H 3 PO4
P  HNO3  NO2 H 2O  H 3 PO4
 (a) 3Fe  4 H 2O  Fe3O4  4 H 2
(b) 3Ca  N 2  Ca3 N 2
(c) Zn  2 KOH  k2 ZnO2  H 2
(d ) Fe2O3  Co  Fe  CO2
(e) 3PbO  NH 3  Pb  H 2O  N 2
( f ) 2 PbS  O2  PbO  SO2
( g ) S  2 H 2 SO4  SO2  2 H 2O
(i) (h) S  6 HNO2  H 2 So4  2 NO2O
( j ) MnO2  HCI  MnCI 2  H 2O  CI 2
(k ) C  H 2 SO4  CO2  H 2O  SO2
(m) KOH  3CI 2  5 KCI  KCIO  3H 2O
(n) NO2  H 2O  NHO2
(o) Pb3O4  HCI  PbCI 2  H 2O  CO2
( p ) H 2O  CI 2  HCI  O2
(q) 2 HCO3  NO2  H 2O  H 3 PO4
Ans.
(r ) P  5 HNO3  NO2 H 2O  H 3 PO4
 Exercise 1 (C)

Q.1. Fill in the blanks :

a) Dalton used symbol ……… for oxygen ………… for hydrogen.

b)Symbol represents ……………… atoms (s) of an element.

c) symbolic expression for a molecule is called …………….

d) Sodium Chloride has two radicals. Sodium is a ……… radical while chloride is ……….
Radical.

e) Valency of Phosphorus in PCl3is …………………. and in PCl5 is ……………..

f) Valiancy of Iron In FeCI 2 is ………… and FeCI 2 it is …………..

g) valency of Iron (III) carbonate is ….,………..

Ans. a) [O], b) gram

c) Molecular formula d) basic, Acid

e) 3,5f) 2,3 g) Fe2[CO3 ]3

Q.2. Complete the following table.

Acid Chloride Sulphate Carbonate Hydroxide Phosphate

Radicals
Basic
Radicals
Magnesium MgCI 2 Mg  NO3 3 MgCO3 Mg  OH 2 Mg3  PO4 2
Sodium
Zinc
Silver
Ammonium
Calcium
Iron (II)
Potassium
Ans.

Acid Chloride Nitrate Sulphate Carbonate Hydroxide Phosphate

Radicals
Basic
Radicals
Magnesium MgCI 2 Mg ( NO3 )3 Mg  NO3 3 MgCO3 Mg  OH 2 Mg3  PO4 2
Sodium NaCl NaNO3 Na2 SO4 Na2 So4 MgOH 2 Na2 PO4
Zinc ZnCl2 Zn( NO3 )2 ZnSO4 ZnSO4 NaOH Zn2 [ PO4 )2
Silver AgCl AgNo3 AgNO3 Ag2 SO4 Zn[OH ]2 Ag2 PO4
Ammonium NH 4Cl NH 4 NO3 NH 4 NO3 [ NH 4 ]So4 NH 4OH [NH2 ]PO4
Calcium CaCl2 Ca[ NO]2 Ca[ NO1 ]1 CaSO4 Ca[OH ]2 Ca2 [PO4 ]2
Iron (II) FeCl2 Fe[ NO3 ]2 Fe( NO1 )1 FeSO4 Pe[OH ]2 Fe3[ PO4 ]4 l2
Potassium KCl KNO2 KNO3 K 2 SO2 KOH K 2 PO4

Q.3. Sodium chloride reacts with silver nitrate to produce silver chloride and sodium
nitrate.

a) write the equation

b) Check whether it is balanced, if not balance it.

c) Find the weight of reactants and products.

d) State the law which the equation satisfies.

Ans. a) Equation NaCI  AgNO3  AgCI  NaNO3

b) Yes, it is balanced

NaCl  AgNO3  AgCl  NaNO3

c) (23  33.5)  108  14  48 108  35.5    23  14  48 
58.5  170  143.5  85

228.5 g 228.5
 Wt. of reactant 228.5g = wt of product 228.5 g

(d) This equation satisfies the “Law of conservation of Matter.”

Law of conservation of matter: “Matter is neither created nor destroyed in course of a

chemical reaction. “

Q.4. What is information does the following chemical equation convey ?

(a) Zn  H 2 SO4  ZnSO4  H 2 (b) Mg  2HCI  MgCI 2  H 2

Ans. (a) Zn  H 2 SO4  ZnSO4  H 2

This equation conveys following information

i) One molecule of Zinc reacts with one molecule of sulphuric acid to form
one molecule of zinc sulphate and one molecule of hydrogen is released.
ii) One molecule of sulphuric acid consists of two atoms of hydrogen.
iii) Relative molecule masses of different substance i.e, molecule mass of
Zn  65, H 2 SO 4  2  32  64  98, ZnSO4 (65  32  64)  161and H 2  2

b) i) magnesium is reacting with hydrochloric acid and produces Magnesium

chloride and Hydrogen gas.

ii) 24g of magnesium reacts with 2(1+33.5)=73g of Hydrochloric acid to produce

(24+71) i.e, 95g of magnesium chloride

Q.5. a) What are poly-atomic ions ? Give two examples.

b) Name the fundamental law which is involved in every equation.

Ans. a) An ion composed of two or more atoms covalently bounded to act as a single ion is
known as polyatomic ion. For example; carbonate (CO32 ) and sulphate  SO4 2 

b) The following fundamental laws are involved in every equation:

i) all equations are written as -the formula of reactants which are connected by plus
sign (+) and then an arrow (  ) followed by the formula of products connected by plus
sign (+).
 ii) The sign of an arrow (  ) which is read ‘to form’ is used to show the direction in
which reaction is performed.

Q.6. What is the valency of :

a) fluorine in CaF2

b) Sulphur is SF6

c) Phosphorus in PH 3

d) Carbon in CH 4

e) Nitrogen in the following compound : (i) N2O5 (ii) N2 O5 (iii) NO2 (iv) No.

f) Manganese in MnO2 (g) Copper in N3O3 (h) Mg3 N 2

Ans. a) Two b) Six c) three d) Four e)i) Three ii) Five iii) Four (iv) Two f) g) One h) Two

Q.7. Why should an equation be balanced ? Explain your answer by giving a simple
equation.

Ans. As the law of conservation of mass states that matter can neither be created nor be
destroyed, that is possible only if the total number of atoms on both the sides of a
reaction are equal. That is why an equation needs to be balanced.

Eg. KNO3  KNO2  O2

The equation is not balanced, as the no. of atoms on both sides are not equal.

The Balanced form of this equation will be

2KNO3  2KNO 3  O2

Q.8. Write the balanced chemical equations. Of the following reactions.

a) Sodium hydroxide + Sulphuric acid Sodium sulphate +water

b) Potassium bicarbonate + Sulphuric acid  potassium sulphate + carbon dioxide+

water

c) Iron+ Sulphuric acid  ferrous sulphuric  hydrogen

d) Chlorine +Sulphur dioxide +water  Sulphuric acid +carbon dioxide + water

 e) Silver nitrate  silver +nitrogen dioxide + Oxygen

f) Copper + nitric acid  Copper nitrate +nitric oxide +water

g) Ammonia +Oxygen  nitric oxide + water

h) Barium Chloride +Sulphuric acid  Barium sulphate + hydrochloric acid

i) Zinc sulphate +oxygen Zinc oxide + sulphur dioxide

j) Aluminum carbide+ water  aluminum hydroxide + methane

k) Iron pyrites( FeS2 ) +oxygen  ferric oxide + sulphur dioxide

l) Potassium permanganate+ hydrochloric acidpotassium chloride+ manganese

chloride+chlorine+water

m) Aluminum sulphate + sodium hydroxide  sodium sulphate+ + sodium meta

aluminates + water

n) Aluminum +sodium hydroxide + water  sodium metaaluminate +hydrogen

o) Potassium dichromate + sulphuric acid  potassium sulphate + chromium

sulphate + water+oxygen

p) Potassium dichromate + hydrochloric acid  potassium chloride + chromium

chloride + water + chlorine

q) sulphur + nitric acid  sulphuric acid+ nitrogen dioxide + water

r) sodium chloride +manganese dioxide + sulphuric acid  sodium hydrogen

sulphate + manganese sulphate + water + chlorine

Ans.
 (a ) 2 NaOH  H 2 SO4  Na2 SO4  2 H 2O
(b) 2 KHCO3  H 2 SO4  K 2 SO4  2CO2  2 H 2O
(c) Fe  H 2 SO4  H 2 SO4  2 HCI
(d ) Cl2  SO2  2 H 2O  H 2 SO4  2 HCI
(e) 2 AgNO3  2 Ag  2 NO2  O2
( f ) 3Cu  8HNO3  3Cu ( NO3 ) 2  2 NO  4 H 2O

( g ) 4 NH 3  5O2 
pt100 C
 6 H 2O  4 NO   Heat
(h) BaCl2  H 2 SO4  BaSO4  2 HCI
(i) 2 ZnS  3O2  2 ZnO  2 SO2
(j) Al2C3  12 H 2O  4 Al (OH)3  3CH 4
(k) 4 FeS2  1102  2 Fe2O3  8SO2
(l) 2 KMnO4  HCI  2 KCI  2 MnCl2  5Cl2  8H 2O
(m) Al2  SO4 3  8 NaOH  3 Na2 SO4  2 NaAlO2  4 H 2O
(n) 2 Al  2 NaOH  2 H 2O  2 NaAlO2  3H 2
(o) 2 K 2Cr2O7  8H 2 SO4  2 K 2 SO4  2Cr2 ( SO4 )3  8H 2O  3O2
(p) K 2Cr2O7  14 HCl  2 KCl  2CrCl3  7 H 2O  3Cl2
(q) S  6 HNO3  H 2 SO4  6 NO2  2 H 2O
(r) 2 NaCl  MnO2  2 H 2 SO4  2 NaHSO4  MnSO4  2 H 4O  Cl2

Q.9. Define the unit atomic unit

a) Calculate the molecule mass of the following

b) Calculate the molecular mass of the following :
i) Na2 SO410H 2O
ii)  NH 4 2 CO3
iii)  NH3 2 CO
iv) Mg3 N 2

Given atomic mass of Na=23, H=1,O=16,C=12,N=14,Mg=24,S=32.

Ans. a) The atomic mass unit (amu) is defined as 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon

1a.m.u 1.67*1024 gm 1.67*1027 kg

1 gm mass = 6.02 1023 amu and 1kg mass  6.02 1026 amu
 b)(i) Na2 So4 .10H 2O

Given that the relative atomic masses (in amu) of Na=23, S=32,O=16,H=1

The relative molecular mass of = Na2 SO4 .10H 2O

 23  2  32 1  16  4  10[1 2  16]

46  32  64  10 18  322 amu

ii) The relative molecule mass of ( NH 4 )2 CO3  N2 H8CO3

 14  2  1 8  12  3 16
 28  32  12  48  96

iii) The relative molecule mass of  ( NH 2 )2 CO  N2 H 4CO

 2 14  1 4  12  16
 28  4  12  16  60

iv)The relative molecule mass of Mg3 N 2

 3 24  2 14  72  28  100

Q.10. Choose the correct answer from the option given below.

a) Modern atomic symbols are based on the method proposed

i. Bohr
ii. Dalton
iii. Berzelius
iv. Alchemist

Ans. (iii) Berzelius

(b) The number of carbon atoms in a hydrogen carbonate radical is

i. One
ii. two
iii. Three
iv. Four

Ans. i)One
 (c) The formula of iron (III) sulphate is

i. FeSO4
ii. Fe(SO4 )2
iii. Fe2 (SO4 )3
iv. FeSO4

Ans. (iii) Fe2 (SO4 )3

d) The formula of sodium m carbonate is Na3CO3 , and that of calcium hydrogen

carbonate will be

i) CaHCO3 ii) Ca(HCO3 )2

iii) Ca2 HCO3 iv) Ca( HCO3 )3

Ans. ii) Ca( HCO3 )2

Q.11. Correct the following statements

a)Molecular formula represents an element.

b) A molecule formula of water H 2O2

c) A molecule of sulphur is monoatomic.

d) A molecule of element is always monatomic.

e) Formula of iron (III) Oxide if FeO

Ans. a)A Molecular formula represent The Molecule of an element or of a compound.

b) Molecule formula of water H 2O

c) A molecular of sulphur is cyclic octotomic molecules.

d) CO and Co Represent carbon-monoxide and cobalt respectively.

e) Formula of iron (III) Oxide is Fe2O3

Q.12. Calculate the relative molecular mass of :

[For atomic masses, refer page no (v)]

 a) CHCI3
b) ( NH 4 )2 Cr2O7
c) CuSO4 .5H 2O
d) ( NH 4 )2 SO4

e) CH3COONa

f) Potassium chlorate

g) Ammonium chloroplatinate ( NH 4 )2 SO4

Ans. a) Molecule mass of :

CHCl3
12  1  3(35.5)
 13  106.5
 119.5 amu

b)

( NH 4 ) 2 Cr2O7
 2 N  4 H ]  2Cr  7(16)
 2[14  (4 1)]  2 52  7 16 
 2 18  104  112
 36  216  252 amu

c)

CuSO4 .5H 2O
 Cu  S  4 O   5  2 H  0
 63.5  32  4[16]  5[(2  1)  16]
 63.5  96  5(18)
63.5  186  249.5 amu

d)
 ( NH 4 ) 2 SO4
 2  [ N  4(H)]  S 4(O)
 2[14  (14 1)]  32  4 16
 2[18]  96  36  96  132 amu

e)

CH 3COONa
C  3(H)  C (O)  (O)  Na
 12  (3 1)  12  16  16  23  28 amu

f)

Potassium chlorate

[ KClO3 ]
 k  Cl  3O 
39  33.5  3 16  122.5 amu

g) Ammonium Chloroplatinate formula of :

( NH 4 ) 2 PtCl6
2[ N  4 H ]  Pt  6Cl
2[14  (4 1)]  195  (6  35.5)
2(18)  195  213.0  444amu

Q.13. Give the empirical formula of :

a) Benzene ( C6 H 6 ) b) Glucose ( C6 H12O6 )

c) Acetylene ( C2 H 2 ) d) Acetic acid ( CH3COOH )

Ans. Empirical formula of :-

a) Benzene-CH
b) Glucose - CH 2O
c) Acetylene - CH
d) Acetic acid CH 2O

Q.14. Find the percentage mass of water in the Epsom salt MgSO4 7 H 2O.
Ans. Molecular formula of EPSOM salt is MgSO4 7 H 2O.

Mg  S  4 O  7  2( H )  O

Relative atomic masses

24+32+4[16]+7[2*1+16]

120+7(18)=246 amu

126
% of mass of water in 246 amu of Epsom Salt =  100  51.2%
246

Q.15 Calculate the percentage of phosphorus in :

a) Calcium hydrogen phosphate Ca( H 2 PO4 )2

b) Calcium phosphate Ca(H2 PO4 )2

Ans. a) percentage of phosphate in Ca( H 2 PO4 )2

 Ca  2[2(H)  P  4(O)]
 40  2[(2 1)  31  4(16)]
 40  2[97]  234 amu
Mass of P
therefore, % of Phosphours  100
Mass of Ca ( H 2 PO4 ) 2
(31 2)
 100  26.5%
234

b)Molecule mass of calcium phosphate in Ca3 ( PO4 )2

 3[Ca]  2[p  4(O)]

 (3  40)  2[31  (4 16)]  120  2[95]
 120  190  310 g
mass of Phosphorus
 % of Phosphorus   100
Mass of Ca ( H 2 PO4 ) 2
(2  31)
 100  20%
310

Q.16. Calculate the percentage composition of each element in potassium chlorate, KCIO3

Ans. Molecular mass of KCIO3 =K+CI+3(O)

 Mass of potassium 39
% ageOf K  100  1000  31.83%
122.5 1225
35.5
% ageOf CI 2  1000  28.98%
122.5
48
% age of Oxygen  100  39.18%
122.5

Q.17. Urea is a very important nitrogenous fertilizer. Its formula is CON2 H 4 .Calculate the
percentage of carbon in urea. (C=12,O=16,N=14 and H=1)

CON 2 is C  O  2( N )  4( H )
Ans. Molecular mass of urea
 12  162(14)  4(1)  60 g

Mass of carbon
100
Mol.mass of CON 2 H 6
Percentage of carbon
128
 100  20%
60