KICK WARNING SIGNS

1
WHAT IS A KICK WARNING SIGN?

A WARNING SIGN TELLS YOU:-

THE WELL MAY BE GOING

“UNDERBALANCED”

OR
YOUR SAFETY MARGIN IS GETTING LESS.
2
 Warning Signs
Mud Weight 10.0 ppg

What is happening?
Formation Pressure 9.0ppg Drilling normally
pressured shale
Overbalance

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 Warning Signs
Mud Weight 10.0 ppg
What is happening?
As the formation
Formation Pressure 9.0ppg
pressure gets closer to
Pressure the mud weight, we
and
Porosity
will observe changes
Increasing in;
ROP
Formation Pressure 10.0ppg
Hole condition
Gas levels
Cuttings properties
Mud properties
4
 Warning Signs
Mud Weight 10.0 ppg Increased drilling rate

Formation Pressure 9.0ppg 9850’

9.00
Pressure Increasing
and Drill Rate
9.15
(ROP)
Porosity
Increasing 9855’
9.30
9860’
Formation Pressure 10.0ppg
GEOLOGRAPH CHART

5
 Warning Signs
Increased drill string
Mud Weight 10.0 ppg torque, drag and over-pull

Formation Pressure 9.0ppg

Pressure
and
Porosity
Increasing

Formation Pressure 10.0ppg

BIT

6
 Warning Signs
Cuttings size & shape
Mud Weight 10.0 ppg

Drilled cuttings

Formation Pressure 9.0ppg

Pressure
and
Porosity
Increasing

Formation Pressure 10.0ppg

Cavings

7
 Warning Signs
Flowline temperature
Mud Weight 10.0 ppg

Formation Pressure 9.0ppg

Pressure Normal
Pressure
and
Porosity Abnormal
Pressure
Increasing

Temperature Increase
Formation Pressure 10.0ppg

8
 Warning Signs
Shale density
Mud Weight 10.0 ppg

Normal Trend Line

Formation Pressure 9.0ppg

Shale
Pressure 9500’
Sand
9600’ Shale Normal
and
9700’ Pressure
Porosity Sand
9800’ Shale
Increasing
9900’
Increasing
10000’ Formation Fluid
Formation Pressure 10.0ppg 10100’ Pressure
Sand
10200’
Increasing Shale Density

9
 Warning Signs

Mud Weight 10.0 ppg

Background & connection gas

5% 10%15%
Formation Pressure 9.0ppg Hours BACKGROUND GAS
1.00
2.00
Pressure 3.00
4.00
and 5.00
Porosity 6.00
Hours
Increasing CONNECTION GAS
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
Formation Pressure 10.0ppg
5.00
6.00

10
 Pump Pressure

Where does Pump Pressure

come from??

11
 Total Pump Pressure

= Surface Line friction

PSI
PSI

= Drillstring friction Total Pump Pressure

PSI

= Bit (jet nozzle) friction

PSI

= Annulus friction
PSI

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 What Affects Pump Pressure

PSI PSI
30 SPM 50 SPM

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 What Affects Pump Pressure

PSI PSI
30 SPM 30 SPM

10 ppg 15 ppg

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What Affects Pump Pressure

PSI PSI

Low Vis. High Vis.

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 What Affects Pump Pressure

PSI PSI
50 SPM 50 SPM

Large nozzle Smool nozzle

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What Affects Pump Pressure

PSI PSI

Hole size

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 Annulus Pressure (Loss)

• Annulus pressure loss

30 SPM
PSI
can be quite small.
• 50 -300 psi
• This pressure acts on
hole wall and bottom
• Increases with depth,
pump speed, hole size
and pipe size.

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 Effect on Bottom Hole Pressure

PSI
90 SPM

• If Annulus Pressure = 150 psi.

• Mud Weight = 11 ppg
• TVD = 8700 ft
• What is the pressure on the
bottom of the hole?

= (11 x .052 x 8700) + 150

= 5126 psi
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Bottom Hole Pressure

Static Dynamic

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 Connection Gas
3000 psi
PSI Mud Circulating
Formation Under Control

Annulus
Pressure Loss
= 250 psi

11 ppg
mud

BHP=
7114 psi
12000’
Formation Pressure = 7000 psi 21
 Connection Gas
PSI Circulation Stopped
Formation Not Under Control

Annulus
Pressure Loss
= 0 psi

11 ppg
mud

BHP=
6864 psi
12000’
Formation Pressure = 7000 psi 22
 Connection Gas
3000 psi
PSI Mud Circulating
Formation Under Control

Annulus
Pressure Loss
= 250 psi

BHP=
7114 psi

Formation Pressure = 7000 psi 23

 Connection Gas

3000 psi
PSI

Action to take
•Increase mud weight.
Annulus •Control drilling.
Pressure Loss
= 250 psi
•Minimize the connection time.

BHP=
7114 psi
Formation Pressure = 7000 psi
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 Warning Signs
Mud Weight 10.0 ppg
Background & connection gas

Formation Pressure 9.0ppg

5% 10%15%
Hours BACKGROUND GAS
1.00
Pressure 2.00
3.00
and 4.00
Porosity 5.00
6.00
Increasing Hours
CONNECTION GAS
1.00
2.00
3.00
Formation Pressure 10.0ppg
4.00
5.00
6.00

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 Warning Signs
Warning signs
Mud Weight 10.0 ppg
Tell you overbalance

Major warning signs are:

Formation Pressure 9.0ppg • Increasing ROP
• Increasing torque/drag
Pressure • Increased quantity/size of cuttings
and
• Increased background gas
Porosity
• Connection gas
Increasing
• Increasing temperature
• Decreasing shale density

Formation Pressure 10.0ppg

What if we ignore them?

26
 Warning Signs
Mud Weight 10.0 ppg

• The formation pressure

Formation Pressure 9.0ppg is increasing and may
Pressure lead to Underbalance
and
Porosity
Increasing

Formation Pressure 10.0ppg

What will happen?

Formation Pressure 10.1ppg

27
 Warning Signs
Mud Weight 10.0 ppg

• Underbalance
Formation Pressure 9.0ppg

• Permeable formation
Pressure
and
Porosity
Increasing

Formation Pressure 10.0ppg

Kick
Formation Pressure 10.1ppg

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 Warning Signs
Mud Weight 10.0 ppg • Underbalance
• Impermeable Formation
Formation Pressure 9.0ppg

• As shale has very low

Pressure
permeability, the well
and
Porosity cannot flow so the hole
Increasing will collapse

Formation Pressure 10.0ppg

Formation Pressure 10.1ppg

Stuck

29
 Warning Signs
Warning signs
Tell you overbalance
Mud Weight 10.0 ppg

Formation Pressure 9.0ppg

Major warning signs are:
• Increasing ROP
• Increasing torque/drag
Pressure
• Increased quantity/size of cuttings
and
• Increased background gas
Porosity
• Connection gas
Increasing
• Increasing temperature
• Decreasing shale density
Formation Pressure 10.0ppg

What should we do?

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 Warning Signs
Mud Weight 10.0 ppg
What should we do?

Formation Pressure 9.0ppg Flow Check

Pressure
and Circulate Bottoms Up
Porosity
Increasing
Raise Mud Weight
Formation Pressure 10.0ppg

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KICK INDICATORS

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 Kick Indicators

GAUGE
on
Driller’s
Console

PADDLE

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 Kick Indicators

GAUGE
on
Driller’s
Console

1st Reliable Indicator

PADDLE

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Kick Indicators
GAUGE
on
Driller’s
Console

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Kick Indicators

GAUGE
on
Driller’s
Console

36
 Trip Tank

Trip Tank Level

PUMP
TRIP TANK Stands Pulled

37
Kick Indicators

What are the indicators that

the well is flowing?
• Increase in Flow Rate
• Increase in Pit Level
• Drop in pump pressure with
an increase in spm
What Action Should Be
Taken?
Check to see if well is
flowing with the pump off.
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 OIL BASE MUD

•Oil And Gas Are Hydrocarbons.

•Gas Is Soluble In Oil Base Mud.
•Gas Is Not Soluble In Water Base Mud.
•Gas In Solution Does Not Expand Until Near Surface.
•Driller Will See Pit Gain In WBM Easier
•Than OBM With The Same Kick Size.
•Hydrostatic Pressure Will Decrease More in WBM
•Casing Pressure Will Read Higher With WBM

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KICK DETECTION IN OIL BASE MUD

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