Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards

PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS

1
PUBLIC SAFETY ETHICS
Ethics defined. Ethics is a system of moral principles or moral standards governing

conduct. It is a particular system of principles and rules concerning duty; it is a
system of rules and practice applied to a single class of human actions.
The study and philosophy of human conduct, with emphasis on the

determination of right and wrong. Also known as the standard of character set up
by any race or nation.
Examples of Ethics
1. Legal Ethics
2. Medical Ethics
3. Nursing Ethics
4. Police Ethics
Morals – pertaining to character and behavior from the point of view of right and
wrong.
Ethics and Morals distinguished – while both the term ethics and morals refer to
that type of behavior which tends to become customary because of the approval or
practices of the group and are thus essentially synonymous, ethics ordinarily
suggests the study of moral conduct or the principle underlying the desirable types
of human conduct; on the other hand, morals ordinarily refers to the human conduct
itself. Ethics will guide a person’s judgment concerning the morality of human acts
whereas, moral is the application of ethics.
Why we study ethics?
1. Decisions (wrong ways and right ways of doing things)

2. To have an orderly social life.
3. To value life.
Professional ethics is the branch of moral science treats of the obligations, which
a member of a profession owes to the public, to his profession, to his brethren,
and to his clients.
Moralist is a person who values or follows good conduct, even in
the absence of religion. Ethics and Action: Why Behave? (An
Ethical Basis: Rules, Results and Relationships)

Our ethics comes from our religion, family background, culture and other
sources. In many countries, we cannot assume that all public servants share the
same beliefs or background. That diversity is even more apparent when we consider
regional and global cooperation.
What should guide our behavior as public servants? It is helpful to look at

three sources of ethics. These are not normally in conflict – all three need to be
taken together. They may be summarized as Rules, Results and Relationships.
A. Rules - We accept rules for our personal behavior because we believe them to
be given by divine revelation, or because we believe them as necessary parts of a
social contract to protect and further human
welfare. The philosopher Kant argued that there is a “universal law”, which he saw as
a categorical imperative – an essential requirement with which we must all comply.
The authority of laws enacted by a government depends on our recognition of its right
to govern. People who choose a career in the public service may have no difficulty with
that. Historic agreements for the validity of government based on community, contract
and utility are, summarized by Osborn, 1999.
B. Results - The utilitarian principle focuses our attention on the consequences of our
action. It has been expressed traditionally as “seeking the greatest good for the
greatest number”. That is difficult to “operationalise”: imagine the public officers
trying to estimate for their decisions as public servants what would
2
bring the greatest good to the greatest number, and arguing about what would be the
greatest good. However, in practice they seek to avoid causing hurt.
Very often we judge actions as right or wrong because of the results they may
be expected to bring. That has always been recognized as true at the personal level,
with a requirement that our freedom must be limited to ensure we cause no harm to
others. In doing so, there is a danger that we look at short-term effects rather than
the longer term. There is also a danger that we focus on avoiding harm more than in
doing good deeds and improving the quality of life for others. More recently there has
been increasing concern about ways in which their corporate policies and actions
impact on the environment. However, some argue that the utilitarian principle alone
would be a dangerous guide for behavior because it allows the means to justify the
ends. “Someone who is not prepared under any circumstances at all to sacrifice the
innocent, or to plan murder, is not a utilitarian at all”. They may not be utilitarian,
but that does not prevent them from taking a utilitarian approach to the utilitarian
ethic, using it when they judge actions by their consequences.
C. Relationships – Confusius proposed a “golden rule” of caring: “Do not do to others

what you would not have them do to you”. He spoke of a principle of reciprocity. For
Confusius care and kindness were primary virtues, especially care for one’s family.
(This led to an interesting warning that too much emphasis on virtue would make
officials corrupt because they would favor their families. As officials, it was necessary
for them to be impartial). Jesus Christ expressed the “golden rule” as “In everything,
do to others as you would have them do to you, and claimed that this fulfilled the law
and the prophets, seeing a concern for others and reciprocity as being in accord with
rules and revelation.
An Example.
The ethics for driving a car provides an example of the interplay between rules,
results and relationships. One aim is to reduce the risk of accidents. We “know” that
our actions ought not to cause hurt to others, a matter of relationships. We judge, as
a society, what actions done by drivers might put others at risk, assessing the results
of how people drive. We agree as a society on rules that make accidents less likely. We
all observe a rule to drive on one side of the road.
Accountability and Action
If our actions are simply to obey instructions, accountability requires only the report
that those instructions have been obeyed (perhaps saying, where, when and how). If
our actions require us to exercise some discretion (to make choices, to take decisions)
then to be accountable requires also an explanation. We need to explain why we
acted, as we did, not only report what we have done. We are accountable for the
results or outcomes of our actions, for the professional standards of our work, and for
the effective use of resources including financial resources. Our accountability need
not be only to those who give a command.
For public service they must ultimately be accountable to:
A. Accountability in Government and in Civil Society – There is a network of

accountability between the different organs of State. The aim is usually to have some
separation and balance of powers, so that no one part of the system can dominate the
others.
B. Accountability in Management - Public services are mostly hierarchical, with each
officer accountable to a manager. Sometimes, the lines of management
accountability are blurred.
C. Accountability to the Public - Public servants are accountable to the public, that,
in name, they are appointed to serve. There has been increasing concern about this in
the past few years, with an emphasis on becoming directly accountable to “clients” or
“customers”.
CHAPTER I
PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND POLICE EHTICAL STANDARD

2
A. INTRODUCTION
Professional conduct and ethical standards and a high degree of honesty are more
essential for officers and members of PNP than for any member of the society. This
is so, because, they are entrusted with the enforcement of the rules, regulations
and ordinances created by City/Municipality and the laws of the land
created by the Congress that guide the conduct of society. A policeman’s violation or
infraction thereof, or his failure to enforce it, dishonor the law and the authority he
represents.
All members of PNP shall abide and adhere to the provisions of Code of
Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards. Toward this end, a truly
professional and dedicated law enforcer shall be develop in promoting peace and
order, ensuring public safety and enhancing community participation guided by
the principle that all public servants must at all times be accountable to the
people.
They shall serve with utmost responsibility, integrity, morality and efficiency
with due respects to human right and signify as hallmarks of a democratic society.
They shall at all times bear faithful allegiances to the legitimate government, support
and uphold the constitution, respect the duly constituted authority and be loyal to
the service.
Definition of Terms:
1. Neglect of Duty or Nonfeasance – is the failure to perform an act which one is

obligated or permitted to do either by law or directive due to omission or failure to
recognize the obligation.
2. Irregularities in the Performance of duty/ Misfeasance- is the improper

performance of some act, which might lawfully done.
3. Malfeasance – is the intentional commission of a prohibited actor intentional

unjust performance of some act of which the party had no right.
4. Misconduct – is the wrong doing or violation of departmental procedures.
5. Incompetence – it is the manifestation of lack of adequate ability and fitness for the
satisfactory performance of police duties. This has reference to any physical
intellectual quality the lack of, which substantially incapacitates one to perform the
duties of peace officer.
6. Oppression – an act of cruelty, severity, unlawful execution, domination, or

excessive use of authority. The exercise of the unlawful powers or other means, in
depriving an individual of his liberty or property against his will, is generally an act
of oppression.
7. Dishonesty – is the concealment or distortion of truth in a matter of fact

relevant of one’s office, or connected with the performance of his duties.
8. Disloyalty to the Government – Consist of abandonment or renunciation of one’s

loyalty to the Government of the Philippines, or advocating the overthrow of the
government.
9. Violation of Law – Presupposes conviction in court of any crime or offense

penalized under Revised Penal Code or any special law or ordinance.
10. Corruption – is a forbidden acts involving misuse of office for gain.
11. Favoritism – is the unfair “breaks” to friends or relatives (nepotism).
12. “Rotten Apples” – are either weak individuals who have slipped through screening
process or succumbed to the temptations inherent in police work or deviant
individuals who continue their deviance in an environment that gives them ample
opportunity.
13. Deviance – behavior inconsistent with the norms, values or ethics.
3
4
TYPES OF POLICE DEVIANCE:
1. Police Gratuity – is the receipt of free meals, services or discounts.

Chiseling – is when an officer is quite blatant in about demanding free
services.

2. Police Shakedown – is when the police officer extorts a business owner for
protection money.
3. Police Perjury – is usually a means to effect an act of corruption, leaving out

certain pertinent pieces of information in order to “fix” a criminal prosecution.
4. Police Brutality – is defined as excessive force, name calling, sarcasm, ridicule,

and disrespect.
When citizen charges police brutality they maybe referring to number

of things, including: ∙ command to move or go home
∙ field stops and searches
∙ threats or implied violence
∙ prodding (sundutin) with night stick or approaching with pistol
∙ the actual use of physical force
5. Police Profanity – refers to the use of obscene and profane (walang
galang) language. 6. Misuse of Confidential Information – this
normally involves the jeopardization of ongoing
investigations by leaking information to friends, relatives, the public, the press,

or in some cases directly to the criminal suspect or members of their gang.
SEX ON DUTY OR DUTY RELATED
1. Traffic Stops – to get closer look at a female or information about her.

2. Fox Hunting – stopping college girls to get the I’ll do anything routine.
3. Voyeurism – window peeping or interrupting lovers lane couples.
4. Victim Recontacts – consoling victims who have psychological needs.
5. Opposite Sex Strip Searches – touching and/or sex with jail inmates.
6. Sexual Shakedown – letting prostitutes go if they perform sex acts.
B. LAW ENFORCEMENT CODE OF ETHICS
As a law enforcement officer, my fundamental duty is to serve mankind; to

safeguard life and property; to protect the innocent against deception, weak against
oppression or intimidation and the peaceful against violence or disorder; and to
respect the constitutional rights of all men, liberty, equality and justice.
I will keep my private life unsullied as an example to all/ maintain courageous calm
in the face of danger; scorn or ridicule; develop self restraint and be constantly
mindful of the welfare of the others. Honest in thought and deed in both my personal
and official life. I will be exemplary in obeying the laws of the land and regulations of
my organization. What ever I see or hear of a confidential nature or is confided to me
in my official capacity will be kept ever secret unless revelation is necessary in the
performance of my duty.
I will never act officiously or permit personal feelings, prejudices, animosities or

friendship to influence my decision; with no compromise for crime and with
relentless prosecution of criminals. I will enforce the law courteously and
appropriately without fear or favor, malice or ill, never employing unnecessary force
or violence and never accepting gratuities in return.
I recognize the badge of my office as a symbol of public faith and accept it as a

Public trust to be held so long as I am true to the ethics of police service. I will never
engage in acts of corruption bribery, nor will I condone such acts by other police
officers. I will cooperate with all legally authorized agencies and their representatives
in the pursuit of justice.
I know that I alone is responsible for my own standard or professional

performance and will take every reasonable opportunity to enhance and improve my
level of knowledge and competence. I will constantly strive
4
5
to achieve these objectives and ideals, dedicating myself before God to my
chosen profession…..Law Enforcement.
“AS A LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER, MY FUNDAMENTAL DUTY IS TO SERVE

MANKIND”
The gist of this passage is contained in two words: “duty and service”. Too
often we forget that law enforcement is not just a job for which we are hired as
one would hire a laborer or tradesman. It involves a
sworn duty. Some progressive police department now require that its officers reaffirm
their oath each year in an effort to drive home the message that is contained in this
sworn oath. And to again remind the officer of the essential relationship between his
job and the free society in which he lives.
The word “serve” denotes the denial of one’s own pleasures and desire for the
good of the person or persons to be served. Service involves dedication and sacrifice
of the giving of one’s self. These are words that many find hard to swallow in this
present day and age but the job of professional law enforcement requires a special
creed of man.
Professional law enforcement has no place for the officer whose philosophy
of life is “what is it for me?” In our present “awakened” society the crooked or
dishonest law enforcement officer is finding it increasingly more difficult to really
profit from his job in a material way. He is rapidly becoming as out-of place as a
horse and buggy on a modern freeway.
“TO SAFEGUARD LIVES AND PROPERTY; TO PORTECT THE INNOCENT AGAINST

DECEPTION, THE WEAK AGAINST OPPRESSION OR INTIMIDATION; AND THE
PEACEFUL AGAINST VIOLENCE OR DISORDER”
We must, however, understand some of the limitations that are present in a

truly democratic society. In such a society as ours, this task can often be a difficult
one, because protecting the rights of the individual means also protecting the right of
the criminal. This is sometimes a hard pill for law enforcement officers to swallow.
Because of this, some officers stray politically to the far right in an effort to either
seek a system where their job would be made easier, or to better protect the society
that they have sworn to serve. It is easy for an officer to become bitter when he has
continually witnesses the ends of justice thwarted by red tape politics and
technicalities of the law. The more truly idealistic he is, the more frustrated he can
become, especially if he lacks a philosophy or understanding of his true purpose in
the society which he serves. Why must the idealistic officer suffer so? When a good
carpenters does his best, in building a fine house, one that can be seen and admired
be all, he can stand back and look at his job with a feeling of accomplishment and
satisfaction. The same applies to an artist or anyone in the skilled trades. Why not,
then the policemen? Why must a good policeman, who works hard for the ends of
justice, see the products of his work so often crumble at his feet?
The answer is both simple and complicated. It is simple in that the

policemen, unlike the tradesman, works not with objects, but with people,
wonderful and yet fallible people.
It is complicated in that the most unpredictable of all commodities, with

which a person can work, is man itself. It is the policeman’s relationship with
people that necessitate that law enforcement becomes a profession.
There is a lesson to be learned from the legions of officers before us who

suffered so greatly from broken spirits. The lesson is that our satisfaction in law
enforcement must come from doing our job to the best of our abilities, and not be
dependent upon the final outcome of our cases.
“TO RESPECT THE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS OF ALL MEN TO LIBERTY

EQUALITY AND JUSTICE”
Respecting the rights of others is not of man’s natural qualities. It seems to be part of
his nature to suspect and persecute those who are in any different from him self.
There is no perfect justice on this earth, nor will there ever be, because man is not all
knowing “nor” is he himself perfect. Still we must strive for a form of
5
6
justice that represents our ultimate capability. This involves not only great effort on
the part or very-person in the community, but individual sacrifices as well.
One of the greatest areas of fault among police officers generally, is not so
must a prejudice against the criminal. For example, an officer soon learns from
experience that a certain group of persons is often
responsible for the majority of the crimes committed such an offense. Such a
prejudice could lead to the faulty conclusion that he is the guilty person. This soon
leads to a general feeling or prejudice against all those who have been convicted of
prior offenses, and an almost subconscious refusal to accord them the same right that
the Constitution provides for all persons.
Our present laws are such that they provide as fair a deal as is humanly
attainable to all person subjects to that law. Many officers feel that our system of
jurisprudence is too lenient, and helps the criminal at the expense of society as a
whole. In many cases this is true. One alternative to this would be to have one for
“good” citizens, and another for “criminals”. The problem is one who is to decide
which person comes under which category. Prior convictions alone cannot be used
for qualification. To allow soon change our form of government into a totalitarian
system.
Another alternative would be a “protective” society in which the people would

be accorded a high degree of protection, but in return would have few personal
rights. This would be the old Roman philosophy of “Salus Populi est Suprema Lex”
(The safety of the people is the supreme law). Personal rights and public protection
are on opposite ends if a fixed scale. If we increase one, we decrease the other. When
our society is threatened by a state of emergency, one of the first steps in protection
is restriction. An example of this is the application of curfew hour. If no one is
allowed on the property of another and protection is afforded to him. However, such
conditions are certainly not very conductive to a free democratic society.
“I WILL KEEP MY PRIVATE LIFE UNSULLIED AS AN EXAMPLE TO ALL”
One of the first things that a law enforcement officer must learn is that he has
no private life. Every citizen should be entitled to his own private life yet when a
person accepts the calling of law enforcement, as a voluntary measure, he must be
willing to offer his privacy as a sacrifice to the good of the community which he
serves. If a law enforcement officer could hide from his neighbors the facts that he is a
policeman, then his private life could be his own. This, however, is impossible. If a
policeman has a family, his occupation will become known in the neighborhood
within a few days at the most. If he is single, and keeps to himself, he may keep the
secret a little longer, but if he is engaged in active law enforcement within his
community, it is inevitable that his neighbors will become aware of it. Once this is
known, he will become the Object of constant observation.
Many will be watching the officer, hoping to observe some irregularity that will
further justify their negative feelings towards “cops”. Others will watch in hopes of
catching the officer committing some traffic violation so that they can accuse him
and all policemen in general of hypocrisy. This will help justify their own misdeeds
concerning traffic violations for which they feel they were unjustly given tickets.
Another great danger in this area is that of the officer’s personnel morals. An
officer spends a great deal of time dealing with moral degenerates and persons of little
conscience. If he is not constantly on guard these people can have a negative
influence on him. Female offender and female friends of offenders are often willing to
offer their bodies to police officers in hopes of receiving some leniency should they or
their friends be arrested. Since most police officers work at nights, they come in
contact with women who also work at night, such as car hops café waitresses, bar
maids, theater usherettes and similar occupation of being promiscuous, and it is very
easy for a law enforcer to be blackmailed, which can have a negative effect in the
struggle for professional recognition. The citizens of a community are very alert to
transgressions of a moral nature, and they will quickly withdraw their needed
support of any law enforcement agency in which the selfish desires of its officers
betray their professional calling.
“MAINTAIN COURAGEOUS CALM IN THE FACE OF DANGER, SCORN OR

RIDICULE AND DEVELOP SELF RESTRAIN”
6
7
Most officers are prepared to face physical danger and the public expects it.
This is due to the fact that when most people think of police work, they think of
high- speed chases with guns blazing and similar situations in which the officer’s
life is in constant danger.
Fortunately, the aforementioned danger amounts to but a small fraction of the

officer’s work routine.
The threat for which he is not prepared and on which can affect him greatly, is public
scorn or ridicule. There is no doubt that some officers have taken the job because of a
need for the power of an authoritative position. It comes as quite a shock to them
that the badge, uniform and gun mean very little unless there is a man behind them.
Respect must be earned. It can not be bought with a badge and a uniform.
In a democratic form of government, a police officer is a public officer and as

such is a servant to the community. Instead of being above reproach or ridicule, he
must expect to receive his position, as part of his job. It is not easy to control one’s
temper when being subjected to unnecessary and unsatisfied scorn or ridicule.
Punching the perpetrator in the mouth will hurt him physically, but psychologically
he will sense victory in that he knows that he “got to the officer”. Nothing will hurt
him more than being ignored. Through practice, even the officer with temper can
learn to control it. For the professional law enforcement officer it is “must”. When
subjected to scorn and ridicule,, it often helps just to consider the source.
“WHATEVER I SEE OR HEAR OF A CONFIDENTIAL NATURE OR THAT IS

CONFIDED TO ME IN MY OFFICIAL CAPACITY WILL BE KEPT SECRET UNLESS
REVELATION IS NECESSARY IN THE PERFORMANCE OF MY DUTY”
Some officers feel that there is a difference in that the information obtained by
the doctor and attorney is freely given with the understanding that will be confidential
whereas the information obtained as in the part of the law enforcer can be the result
of many sources or forms of investigation.
How it was obtained is really not important. The fact that it was obtained as
part of the officer’s occupation, and is usually information that he would not have
otherwise obtained had he not been in that field, is the key point.
This information should never leave the department or the person retaining it
unless it is in the interest of justice. An officer should even be careful not to reveal
information to his wife. An officer’s wife is often very tempted to reveal information of
a confidential nature to her neighbor women in an effort to show them the importance
of her husband’s job, and to gain status in the eyes of the neighbor women.
“I WILL NEVER PERMIT PERSONAL FEELINGS, PREJUDICE, ANIMOSITIES OR

FRIENDSHIP TO INFLUENCE MY DECISIONS”
It is difficult to know which desire is strongest in some persons, to help our

friends or to hurt our enemies. Both desires are part of our human nature. Helping
our friends can be very good thing in itself, but when it involves an inequality in
the administration of justice we are
defiling the oath we made to the community in which we serve. In police work, there is
ample opportunity to both hurt enemies and help friends, and it takes a person of
strong character to properly perform his duties under these circumstances. Without
professional convictions, this can be impossible.
“I WILL NEVER ACT OFFICIOUSLY”
One of the faults that is common to new officers is that they often act officiously.
They appear to the public to be over-impressed with their own importance. In a
way this is natural because it is associated with pride and a new officer is usually
very proud for his is a noble undertaking. However, a law enforcement officer must
always guard against having this pride misinterpreted by the public as being
merely officious.
In most cases of apparent officiousness it is simply a matter of the officer not

knowing how to act. Most police academe greatly neglects the area of teaching officer
how to act, how to play the role that is expected of him. There are so many facts that
have to be poured into the recruit’s head, that it leaves little time for role playing.
The majority of the people who make contact with a law enforcer during
his hour of duty are not criminals. The majority of the people receiving tickets
from an officer are normally law abiding, upright
7
8
citizens of the community, and they are usually embarrassed enough by being
caught in a traffic violation without being talked down to or treated like a criminal.
Judges often report that a common reason for a person appearing in traffic court is
not so much to contest the facts of the offense, but as to file a complain about the
demeanor of the officer issuing the citation.
“WITH NO COMPROMISE FRO CRIME AND WITH RELENTLESS PROSECUTION OF

CRIMINALS I WILL ENFORCE THE LAW COURTEOUSLY AND APPROPRIATELY
WITHOUT FEAR OR FAVOR, MALICE OR ILL WILL”
The term “with no compromise for crime” means that crime will not be knowingly
permitted. It does
not mean that the officer must perform his duties to the “letter of the law” without
taking into consideration the “spirit of the law”. If the Code of Ethics will be
examined, nothing will be found in it to the effect that an officer must obtain
convictions and send people to prison for long periods of time. It does state, however,
that he must do the best of which he is capable, and that his actions must be
ethical. No man can predict or guarantee the final results of any action. Only God
can do this, man can only be responsible for his immediate actions. If an officer does
a good job and the, criminal is released by the courts, the blame rests not upon him
but upon the courts, or the society itself.
The modern law enforcement officer has a new motto “Be firm but fair”. He
does not have to be a “theory bound” sociologist just because he treats criminals
like human beings.
Our religious teachings stress the theme that we should hate sin but love man.
This means that we may hate crime but not the criminal. For some it is easy to hate
criminal, but in due time, they will be consumed by the flame of this hatred. Some
officers feel that their job is to punish, and that in order to punish someone you
must vent your anger upon them. Our present system of criminal justice assigns no
duties of punishment to the
law enforcement officer. The role of punishment belongs to the people in Corrections
and Penology. Getting angry, other than as an officer only makes his job more
difficult.
The modern professional law enforcement officer let the criminal call the tune
as to his own treatment. The officer can and must be as tough as the situation
demands yet there is no personal vindictiveness in the way he treats the criminal. His
tome of voice and demeanor usually indicate that he will not be walked on, yet his
actions are fair.
“I WILL NEVER EMPLOY UNNECESSARY FORCE OR VIOLENCE”
At times the use of force in the performance of one’s duties is an

absolute necessity. There is no escaping it. It is extremely difficult to judge
exactly whether or not the force used in
a particular situation was necessary or not. The use of force or violence during
interrogations will often produce immediate confessions, but it should be avoided on
ethical ground in that the interrogator seldom knows with complete certainty that the
suspect is guilty, and the use of force or the “third degree” on an innocent person is
certainly a miscarriage of justice as well as violation of professional conduct. As a
means of punishment for the criminal, it would be out of place for it is not the
function of law enforcement to punish criminals. This belongs to the courts and
prisons.
From a practical viewpoint, unnecessary force or violence should be avoided during

interrogations because if the judge even suspects that force was used to obtain a
confession, it would be thrown out of court, and chances are the case would be lost.
It is difficult enough for modern professional law enforcement officer to convince the
courts that their methods of interrogation were “above board’ because of the
reputation that law enforcement had thirty or more years ago. In a society that is so
conscious of their rights as ours is today, the use of force or violence as a common
practice would invalidate nearly all of the confessions that reached.
“I WILL NEVER ACCEPT GRATUITIES”
The topic of accepting gratuities causes many long and hearted discussions
among modern police officers. It is one in which both ethics and relationships enter
the picture. Gratuities take two main forms first, is the gratuity given by a person
with the sole intent of receiving something in return; second, gratuity that is given
solely but of a respect for law.
8
9
Those who favor gratuities usually feel that the second form is all right but
not the first. They feel that the key to gratuities is as follows: “Will this in any way
affect the proper performance of any duties”. In other words, if the officer were to
observe the person, giving the gratuity, commit some violation whether it be an hour
or day later, would be in all conscience be able to treat him the same as a total
stranger?
Those members of law enforcement who developed this code, were certainly aware of
the complexities
of this particular area, but the use of the word “never” in relation to accepting
gratuities, indicated that they felt that this was a necessary and essential
prerequisite to professional law enforcement. To be truly professional we must first
be ethical, we must do what is actually describe, not merely what we would like to be
desirable.
“I RECOGNIZE THE BADGE OF MY OFFICE AS A SYMBOL OF PUBLIC FAITH, AND I

ACCEPT IT AS A PUBLIC TRUST TO BE HELD SO LONG AS I AM TRUE TO THE
ETHICS OF POLICE SERVICE”
The essence of this section is one of the most overlooked and forgotten facets of
law enforcement by the man in the field. It is this that distinguishes the difference
between law enforcement and the ordinary job. It is this that enables an officer to
suffer the difficulties and problems that make the held, at times, so frustrating and
discouraging. Police administrators would do well to place more emphasis upon the
swearing-process. It
should be made vary formal and similar to the initiation of many fraternal
organizations. The chief of police should see that the recruit is not issued a badge or
allowed to put on a uniform until he is thoroughly familiar with the code of ethics
and especially the above section. He should be made to understand that he is one of
the selected, and that his job is a public trust that must be earned. The new officer
should also understand that nay personal reward will not be obtained from the
public itself, for the public is a difficult master, if there is a personal reward, it can
only come for the officer himself or from knowing the true significance of the job and
the essential role that it plays in society. Perhaps the greatest reward is the self
respect and satisfaction that comes from the knowledge that the job was done in a
truly professional manner.
“I WILL CONSTANTLY STRIVE TO ACHIEVE THESE OBJECTIVE AND IDEALS

DEDICATING MYSELF BEFORE GOD TO MY CHOSEN PROFESSION….LAW
ENFORCEMENT”
Proficiency in law enforcement involves many factors. It involves

mental moral and physical conditioning. They are all important aspects.
The officer who let him self slip
physically is certainly not be able to protect society. The officer who is in good
physical condition has more confidence in his ability, and, this is sense by those with
whom he deals, and as a result he finds that it is necessary to exert authority as
much as it might be otherwise. Unfortunately, most police department requires a stiff
physical agility examination before this area is either forgotten or greatly neglected. It
is left up to the individual officer to keep himself in shape.
Another way in which the professional officer may keep abreast is to devote so
many hours each week to reading professional law enforcement books, journals or
magazines that are now available.
Since most of this reading will be on the officer’s own time, it is essential that
he develop the initiative that is so common to other professions. The Law
Enforcement Code of Ethics has been broken down and discussed in details in an
effort to awaken the reader’s awareness of the importance of the code as a means of
achieving professional standing. However, knowing and understanding the code of
ethics is not enough. It must be practiced and be reflected on the lives of police
officers.
C. CANONS OF POLICE ETHICS
The following are the canons of Police Ethics

1. Primordial police responsibility
2. Limitation of police authority
3. Knowledge of the law and other responsibilities
4. Use of proper means to obtain proper ends.
5. Cooperation with public officials
6. Proper conduct and behavior
7. Conduct toward the community.
8. Conduct in arresting law violators
9. Firmness in refusing gifts or favor
10. Impartial presentation of evidence
9
10
11. Attitude toward police profession
1. Primordial police Responsibility – The primary objectives of police is the prevention

of crime, policeman
knew too well that he has committed his life to defend and protect the rights of the
citizen and uphold the law at all cost.
2. Limitation of Police Authority – The police officer as an upholder of the law must
know its limitation upon him in enforcing the law, thus:
a. He must be aware of the limitations, which the people, through law, have
placed him. b. He must recognize the center of the democratic system of
government, which gives person, or group of persons, absolute power.
c. He must insure that he does not pervert its true character.
3. Knowledge of the law and other responsibility
a. The policeman shall constantly /devotedly apply himself to the principles of the
laws, which he is sworn to apply.
b. He will make certain of his responsibilities in the particular field of
enforcement, seeking aid of his superior in matters technically or in
principles are not clear to him.
c. He shall make special effort to fully understand his relationship with law
enforcement agencies, particularly on matters of jurisdiction, both
geographically and substantively.
4. Use of proper means to obtain proper ends.

a. The policeman shall be mindful of his responsibility to have strict selection of
methods in discharging the duty of his office.
b. Violation of law or public safety and property on the part of the officer are
intrinsically wrong.
c. The employment of illegal methods, no matter how worthy the end, is certain to
encourage disrespect for the law and its officers. If the law is to be honored, it
should be honored first by those who enforce it.
5. Cooperation with public officials
a. The policeman shall cooperate fully with the other public officials in the
performance or authorized duties, regardless of party affiliation or personal
prejudices.
6. Proper conduct and behavior
a. The policeman shall be mindful of his special identification by the public as an

upholder of law. b. Police laxity of conduct or manner in private life, expressing
either disrespect for the law or seeking to gain special prevail, cannot but reflect
upon in the policeman and the police service.
c. The community and the services require that the policeman leads the life of
decent and honorable person, following the career of policeman gives no
special pre-requisite.
7. Conduct towards the community
a. The policeman shall be mindful of his responsibility to the community.

b. He shall deal with individuals of the community in the manner
calculated to instill respect. c. He shall conduct his official life in a
manner that will inspire confidence and trust.
8. Conduct in arresting law violator
a. Policeman shall use his powers of arrest in accordance with the law with due
regard to the rights of the citizens concerned.
b. He shall, at all times, have a clear appreciation of his responsibilities and
limitation regarding the detention of the accused.
c. He shall conduct himself in such a manner as will minimize the possibility

of having to use force. d. He shall cultivate a dedication to the people and the
equitable upholding of the law whether in the handling of the accused or
law-abiding citizen.
10
11
9. Firmness in refusing gifts or favors
a. Policeman representing the government bears heavy responsibility of

maintaining, in his conduct, the honor and integrity of all government
institution.
b. He shall guard against placing himself in a position in which the public can
reasonably assume that special consideration is being given.
10. Impartial presentation of evidence
a. Policeman shall regard the best possible of his duties as a public trust and
recognize his responsibilities as a public servant.
b. He shall strive to make the best possible application of science to the solution of
the crime and in the field of human relation.
c. He shall strive for effecting leadership and public influence in matters
affecting public safety. d. He shall appreciate the importance and
responsibility of his office, and hold police work to be an honorable
profession rendering valuable service to the community.
e. Through study and experience, a police officer can acquire the high level of
knowledge and competence that is essential for the efficient and effective
performance of duty. The development that should be pursued constantly.
D. PROFESSIONAL POLICE PRINCIPLES
The following are the professional police principles:
1. Prevention of crime and disorder

2. Cooperation of the community
3. Unreasonable force reduce community cooperation
4. Use of reasonable force when persuasion is not sufficient
5. Impartial enforcement of laws
6. The community are the police
7. Police should not usurp judicial powers

8. Rules of engagement impartially observed
9. Reduction of crime and disorder
10. Police discretion
1. Prevention of Crime and Disorder

The basic mission for which the police exist is to prevent crime and
disorder as an alternative to the repression of crime and disorder by police force
and severity of legal punishment.
2. Cooperation of the community

a. The police must secure the willing cooperation in the voluntary
observance of the law to be able to secure and maintain the respect and support of
the community.
b. The ability of the police to perform their duty is dependent upon the
community support of police existence, actions, behavior and ability of the police
to secure and maintain community respect.
3. Unreasonable Force Reduce Community Cooperation

a. A police officer should never employ unnecessary force or violence and will
use only such force in the discharge of duty as in reasonable in all circumstances.
b. Force should be use only with the greatest restraint and only after
discussion, negotiation and persuasion have been found to be inappropriate or
ineffective. While the use of force is occasionally unavoidable, every police officer will
refrain from applying the unnecessary infliction of pain or suffering and will never
engage in cruel, degrading or inhuman treatment of any person.
4. Use of Reasonable Force when Persuasion is Not Sufficient
11
12
a. The police should use reasonable force to the extent necessary to secure
observance of the law or to restore order only when the exercise of persuasion,
advice and warning is found to be insufficient to attain police objectives.
b. No violence or unnecessary force shall not be subject to any greater restrain
than is necessary for his detention.
5. Impartial Enforcement of Laws

a. The police seek and preserve community favor, not catering to community
opinion, but constantly demonstrating absolutely impartial enforcement of laws,
without regard to justice and injustice of the substance of particular laws.
b. Impartial enforcement of laws on all individual members of the society
without regard to their race or social standing.
6. The Community are the Police

a. The police at all times should maintain relationship with the

community that gives really to the historic tradition that the police are the
people.
b. The police are the only members of the community who are in pain to
give full time attention to maintain peace and order which are incumbent on
every citizen in the interest of the community welfare.
7. Police Should Not Usurp Judicial Powers

The police should always direct their actions strictly toward their functions
and never appear to usurp the powers of judiciary by avenging individuals of the
state of authoritative judging guilt or punishing.
8. Reduction of Crime and Disorder

The test of police efficiency is the reduction of crime and disorder until
totally eradicated not by evidence of police present and action dealing with the
community.
9. Rules of Engagement Impartially Observed

a. Policemen engage in anti-crime operation always consider the safety and
security of who might be caught in the crossfire or arm encounters.
b. The use of force including firearm is justifiable only by virtue of the
Doctrine of self-defense and Defense of a stranger.
c. The use of force, specially firearms should be applied only as a last resort,
when all other peaceful and non-violent means has been exhausted.
d. The use of force especially firearms, should be confined only in lawless
elements and the responding PNP unit. This is inherent in the police service in
which the profession, the armaments and safety life of every PNP members are
dedicated to the protection and safety of the people.
10. Police Discretion

a. A police officer will use responsibly the discretion vested in the position
and exercise if within the law. The principle of reasonableness will guide the
office’s determinations and the officer will consider all surrounding circumstances
whether any legal action shall be taken.
b. Consistent and wise use of discretion, based on professional policing competence,
will do much to preserve good relationship and retain the confidence of the public.
There can be difficulty in choosing between conflicting courses of action. It is
important to remember that a timely word of advice rather than arrest-which may be
correct in appropriate circumstances can be a more effective means of achieving a
desired end.
The Police Core Values
The police service is a noble profession and demands from its members
specialized knowledge and skills and high standard of ethics and morality. In
this regard, the members of the PNP must adhere to and internalize the enduring
core values such as:
a. Love of God
b. Respect for authority

c. Respect for women
d. Respect for the sanctity of marriage
e. Stewardship over material things
f. Responsible dominion
g. Truthfulness
12
13
The Police Officer’s Creed
1. I believe in God, the Supreme Being a Great provider, the Creator of all men and
everything dear to me. In return, I can do less than love Him above all, seek His
guidance in the performance of my sworn duties and honor Him at all times.
2. I believe that respect for authority is a duty. I respect and uphold the constitution,
the laws of the land and the applicable rules and regulations. I recognize the
legitimacy and authority of the leadership, and follow and obey legal orders of my
superior officers.
3. I believe in selfless love and service to people. Towards this end, I commit
myself to the service of my fellowmen over and above my personal convenience.
4. I believe in the sanctity of marriage and the respect for women. I shall set the
example of decency and morality, and shall have high regard for family life and
chastity.
5. I believe in responsible dominion and stewardship over material things. I shall

inhibit myself from ostentatious display of my property. I shall protect the
environment and conserve nature to maintain ecological balance. I shall respect
private and public properties and prevent others from destroying it.
6. I believe in the wisdom of truthfulness. I must be trustworthy and I shall

speak the truth at all time as required by my profession.
PNP STAND ON BASIC ISSUES
The deployment and employment of the PNP personnel require the organization
and its members to bare their stand on the following basic issues.
1. PNP Image - The image of any organization affects the esprit de corps, morale and
welfare of members and sense of pride to the organization. Thus, all members of the
PNP should act in a manner that would reflect best on the PNP and live by the PNP’s
core values.
Police must endeavor to avoid negative values such as:
1. Immodest living –outside of modest living

2. mistress maintenance- bigamous or polygamous life
3. absenteeism- sick with “malingeritis”, and tardiness
4. hoodlum alliance- maintaining pickpockets and alliance with crime
syndicates
5. bata-bata- “nakasandal sa pader” syndrome
6. hate syndrome- napag-initan or pina-initan
7. discourtesy – undesirable conduct and without regards to others
(usually breeds trouble) 8. Indiscipline- lack of discipline, no self-
control
9. gossip/double talk – discordant, confusing psychological conduct
2. Career Management, the Key to Professionalism - Its improper implementation will

greatly prejudice the personnel professionalization process as regards procurement,
promotion, assignment, placement, training, awards and retirement. To address
these flaws, the PNP shall formulate a stringent policy and strictly implement the
human resources development system, compatible to equitable distribution of
procurement, fair promotion, rationalized approach in assignment, skill
development, immediate grant of reward, and decent living upon retirement.
13
14
3. Police Management Leadership - The effectiveness of the law enforcement is
reflective to the managerial capabilities and competent leadership of men and
women who run the PNP organization. It is therefore a
“must” that these attributes be the primary basis for consideration in the selection of
personnel for employment and deployment purposes.
4. Equality in the service –There shall be judicious equitable distribution of

opportunity to prove one’s worth in the police service. The problem on inequality thru
class orientation and factionalism, both real and perceived, premise on favored
assignment, inequitable opportunity, of training, unfair granting of promotion, and
untimely awarding of achievements will create an atmosphere of demoralization. The
result is inefficiency and lack of teamwork to the detriment of the organization. It
behooves therefore on the PNP leadership to address the situation. The civilian
character of the organization requires adherence to the rule on merit and fitness
system and to dissociate the above process from class orientation and factionalism.
5. Delicadeza – In consonance with requirements of honor and integrity in the

PNP, all PNP members must have the moral courage to sacrifice self-interest in
keeping with the time –honored principle of delicadeza.
6. Police lifestyle - The PNP shall endeavor to promote lifestyle for every member of
the organization that is acceptable and respectable in the eyes of the public. They
must be free from greed, corruption and exploitation. The public expects a police
officer to live a simple, yet credible and dignified life.
7. Political Patronage – All PNP members must inhibit themselves from soliciting
political patronage in matters pertaining to assignment, awards, training and
promotion.
8. Human Rights – All PNP members must respect and protect

human dignity and man’s inalienable rights to life, liberty and
property.
9. Setting Example – All PNP members shall set good example to their subordinates
and follow good example from superiors.
Section 1. Standard of Police Professionalism
All PNP personnel shall perform their duties with excellence, competence,
integrity, intelligence and expertise in the application of specialized skill and
technical knowledge.
Section 2. Police Professional Conduct
All members of the PNP shall observe the following professional conduct:
1. Commitment to Democracy- Uniformed PNP members commit themselves to the

democratic way of life and values and maintain the principle of public accountability.
They shall at all times uphold the Constitution and be loyal to our country, people
and organization above loyalty to any person or organization.
2. Commitment to Public Interest- All PNP members shall always uphold public
interest over and above personal interest. All government properties, resources and
powers of their respective offices must be employed and used effectively, honestly
and efficiently, particularly to avoid wastage of public funds and revenues. All PNP
personnel must avoid and prevent the “malversation of Human Resources”,
“malversation of Government time” and malversation of Government property and
funds.”
Malversation consists not only in misappropriation or converting public funds

or property to one’s personal use but also by knowingly allowing others to make use
or misappropriate them. (Labatogos v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. 71581, 21 March 90)
Even if his story about the theft of the funds were true, he would still be liable for
malversation under Article 217 of the Revised Penal Code for it was his gross
negligence that made the larceny possible. A public officer accountable for public
funds by reason of the duties of his office, commits malversation if he “shall
appropriate the same, or shall take or misappropriate or shall consent or through
abandonment or negligence, shall permit any other person to take such public funds
or property wholly or partially.” (Art.217, Revised Penal Code)
14
15
The subsequent restitution of the missing funds does not exempt the accused
from liability for the crime of malversation. (Duroy v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. 69459, 15
June 89)
Malversation is committed either intentionally or by negligence. The dolo or the culpa

present in the offense is only a modality in the perpetration of the offense. Even if
the mode charged differs from the mode proved, the same offense of malversation is
involved and conviction thereof is proper. A possible exception would be when the
mode of commission alleged in the particulars of the indictment is so far removed
from the ultimate categorization of the crime that it may be said due process was
denied by deluding the accused into an erroneous apprehension of the charge
against him. (Cabello v. Sandiganbayan, G.R., 93885, 14 May 91)
3. Non- Partisanship- PNP members shall provide services to everyone without

discrimination regardless of party affiliation in accordance with existing laws and
regulations.
4. Physical Fitness and Health- All PNP members shall strive to be physically and
mentally fit and in good health at all times. Toward this end, they shall undergo
regular physical exercises and annual medical examination in any PNP Hospital
or Medical Program of the PNP.
5. Secrecy Discipline- All PNP members shall guard the confidentiality of classified
information against unauthorized disclosure, including confidential aspects of official
business, special orders, communications and other documents, roster or any
portion thereof of the PNP, contents of criminal records, identities of persons who
may have given information to the police in confidence and other classified
information on intelligence material.
Records refers to “any paper, book, photograph, motion picture, film, micro-film,
sound recording, drawing, chart, map or other document of any physical form or
copy thereof, that has been made or received by any entity or its successors as
evidence of the objectives, organization, functions, policies, decisions, procedures,
operations or other activities of the government or because of the information
contained therein.”
6. Social Awareness- All PNP members and their immediate family members shall be
encouraged to actively get involved in the religious, social and civic activities to
enhance the image of the organization but without affecting their official duties.
7. Non-Solicitation of Patronage- All members shall seek self-improvement through

career development and shall not directly or indirectly solicit influence or
recommendation from politicians, high-ranking government officials, prominent
citizens, persons affiliated with civic or religious organizations with regard to their
assignments, promotions, transfer or those of other members of the force, nor shall
they initiate any petition to be prepared and presented by citizens in their behalf.
Moreover, they shall advise their immediate relatives not to interfere in the activities
of the police service particularly in the assignment and reassignment of personnel.
8. Proper Care and Use of Public Property- PNP members shall be responsible for the
security, proper care and use of public property issued to them and/or deposited
under their care and custody. Unauthorized use of public property for personal
convenience or gain and that of their families, friends, or relatives is strictly
prohibited.
9. Respect for Human Rights- In the performance of duty, PNP members shall respect
and protect human dignity and uphold the human rights of all persons. No member
inflict, instigate or tolerate extra-judicial killings, arbitrary arrests, any act of torture
or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, and shall not invoke
superior orders or exceptional circumstances such as a state of war, a threat to
national security, internal political instability or any public emergency as a
justification for committing such human rights violations.
10. Devotion to Duty- All PNP members shall perform their duties with dedication,
thoroughness, efficiency, enthusiasm, determination, and manifest concern for
public welfare, and shall refrain from engaging in any activity which shall be in
conflict with their duties as public servants.
11. Conservation of Natural Resources- All members of the PNP shall help in the
development and conservation of our natural resources for ecological balance and
posterity as these are the inalienable heritage of our people.
12. Discipline- They shall conduct themselves at all times in keeping with the
rules and regulations of the organization.
15
16
Tenets of Discipline
All policemen at all levels shall adhere to the eight tenets of discipline, which
include the following:
a. One of the first signs of discipline is the stage of orderliness and cleanliness of
the policeman’s place or work. If a police station is unkept, people cannot expect
the kind of positive response to their needs. b. All police actions must be
characterized by courtesy and discipline.
c. All objectives of the PNP must always be for the public interest and not
private interest. The people must feel that they are welcome to approach any
members of the PNP for assistance. d. All citizens must be treated with dignity
and respect.
e. All police actions must be in accordance with the law. Respect for human rights
and other laws of the land must be primordial concern in the exercise of Police
duties.
f. Basic police service must be rendered, equitably for all citizens and must not be
given in exchange for any favor, reward or condition.
g. Involvement of police personnel in syndicated crime particularly illegal gambling
must not be tolerated. h. There is no substitute for leadership by example. Police
Commanders, as model of public service, must show proper behavior not only to
their subordinates but also to the people.

13. Loyalty- Above all, PNP members must be loyal to the Constitution and the police
service as manifested by their loyalty to their superiors, peers and subordinates as
well.
14. Obedience to Superiors- All PNP personnel shall obey lawful orders and be
courteous to superior officers and other appropriate authorities within the chain of
command. They shall readily accept whenever they are assigned anywhere in the
country. Therefore, it is a taboo for any personnel to petition in court or in any public
forum his assignment.
15. Command Responsibility- In accordance with the Doctrine on Command

Responsibility, immediate Commanders/Directors shall be responsible for the
effective supervision, control and direction of their personnel and shall see to it that
all government resources shall be managed, expended or utilized in accordance with
laws and regulations and safeguarded against losses thru illegal or improper
disposition.
POLICE ETHICAL STANDARDS- shall refer to established and generally accepted

moral values. Ethical acts to be observed are the following:
1. Morality- All PNP shall adhere to high standard of morality and decency and shall
set good examples for other to follow. Hence among others, and in no instance
during their terms of office shall they be involved as owners, operators, managers
or investors in any house of ill-repute or illegal gambling den or other places
devoted to vices; nor shall they patronize such places unless on official duty, and
tolerate operating of such establishments in their respective areas of
responsibilities. They shall be faithful to their lawfully wedded spouses.
2. Judicious use of Authority- PNP members shall exercise proper and

legitimate use of authority in the performance of duty.
Law of the Jungle

A PNP member, who happens to be victim of assault upon himself in his

capacity
as an agent of a person in authority, cannot take the law into his own hands. Such
being the case, he has to ask police assistance to apply for search warrant and serve
such warrant as any other citizen would ordinarily do if ever he is a victim or a
complainant of any act punishable by law.
The basic foundation of the rule is based on the fact that society could not exist
in a group of people who are living in a territory unless they govern themselves by rule
and regulations, because if they were not- law of the jungle will prevail.
The term “Law of the Jungle” is derive from the word jungle itself, because in
the jungle, in order that the “King of the Jungle” the lion could continue to live or
exist, it has to kill its fellow creatures and/or use them for food. But man is higher
than animals. He is wise and uses his power to think, unlike animals that they are
only governed by their instincts.
16
17
3. Integrity- PNP members shall not allow themselves to be victims of corruption

and dishonest practices in accordance with the provisions of RA 6713 and other
applicable laws.
Integrity: Closely related to honesty, integrity is the firm and incorruptible

adherence to the code of moral values. To truly follow the Law Enforcement Code of
Ethics requires not only firmness but great inner strength and character.
4. Justice- PNP members shall strive constantly to respect the rights of other so that
they can fulfill their duties and exercise their rights as human beings, parents,
children, citizens, workers, leaders, or in other capacities and to see to it that others
do likewise.
5. Humility- All PNP members shall recognize the fact that they are public servants
and not the masters of the people and toward this end, they should perform their
duties without arrogance. They should also recognize their own inadequacies,
inabilities and limitations as individuals and perform their duties without attracting
attention or expecting the applause of others.
6. Orderliness- All PNP members shall follow logical procedures in accomplishing

tasks assigned to them to minimize waste in the use of time, money and effort.
7. Perseverance- Once a decision is made, all PNP members shall take legitimate
means to achieve the goal even in the face of internal or external difficulties, and
despite anything which might weaken their resolve in the course of time.
CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS

General Statement- The PNP adopts the generally acceptable customs and
traditions based on the desirable practices of the police service. These shall serve
as inspiration as the PNP endeavors to attain its goals and objectives.
Definition of Terms:
1. Customs - established usage or social practices carried on by

tradition that have obtained the force of law.
2. Traditions - bodies of beliefs, stories, customs effect of an unwritten law.
3. Courtesy - a manifestation or expression of consideration and respect for others.
4. Ceremony - a formal act or set of formal acts established by customs

or authority as proper to special occasion.
5. Social Decorum - a set of norms and standards practiced by members during
socials and other functions. POLICE CUSTOMS ON COURTESY
1. Salute- salute is the usual greeting rendered by uniformed members upon

meeting and recognizing persons entitled to a salute.
2. Salute to National Color and Standard- Members stand at attention and salute the
national color and standard as it pass by them or when the national color is raised or
lowered during ceremonies.
3. Address/Title- Junior in rank address senior members who are entitled to
salute with the word “Sir”. 4. Courtesy Calls- The following are the customs
on courtesy calls:
a. Courtesy call of newly assigned appointed member.

PNP members who are newly appointed or assigned in a unit or command,
call on the Chief of the Unit or Command and to other key personnel for
accounting, orientation and other purposes.
17
18
b. New Year’s call.
PNP members pay a new year’s call on their commanders and/or key official
in their respective areas of responsibility.
c. Promotion call.
Newly promoted PNP members call on their unit head. On this occasion,
they are usually given duly recognition and congratulations by their peers
for such, deserved accomplishment.
d. Exit call
PNP members pay an exit call on their superiors in the unit or command
when relieves or reassigned out of the said unit or command.
e. Courtesy of the Post.

The host unit extends hospitality to visiting personnel who pay respect to the
command or unit.
f. Rank has its own Privilege (RHIP).

PNP members recognize the practice that different ranks carry with them
corresponding privileges.
POLICE CUSTOM ON CEREMONIES

1. Flag Raising Ceremony- The PNP members honor the flag by hoisting it and
singing the National Anthem before the start of the official day’s work.
2. Flag Lowering Ceremony- At the end of the official days work, the PNP members
pause for a moment to salute the lowering of the flag.
3. Half-Mast- The flag is raised at half-mast in deference to deceased uniformed

members of the command.
4. Funeral Service and Honors- Departed uniformed members, retirees, war

veterans or former PC/INP members are given vigil, neurological services and
graveside honors as a gesture of farewell.
5. Ceremony Tendered to Retirees- In recognition of their long, faithful and

honorable service to the PNP, a testimonial activity is tendered in their honor.
6. Honor Ceremony- Arrival and departure honor ceremonies are rendered to visiting
dignitaries, VIPs, PNP officers with the grade of Chief Superintendent and above and
AFP officers of equivalent grade, unless waived.
7. Turn-over Ceremony – The relinquishment and assumption of command or key

position is publicly announced in a Turn-Over Ceremony by the out-going and in-
coming officers in the presence of the immediate superior or his representative.
Outgoing Commander/ Director should not leave his post without proper turn over.
Turn over includes turn over of properties or equipment and Human and material
resources.
8. Wedding Ceremony – During marriage of PNP members, a ceremony is conducted

with the participants in uniform and swords drawn
9. Anniversary – The birth or institutional establishment of a command or

unit is commemorated in an Anniversary Ceremony.
POLICE CUSTOMS ON SOCIAL DECORUM

1. Proper Attire – PNP members always wear appropriate and proper attire in
conformity with the occasion. 2. Table Manners – PNP members observe table
etiquette at all times.
3. Social Graces – PNP members conduct themselves properly in dealing with people
during social functions.
4. Uniform/Appearance – The public looks upon PNP members as distinctively a man

among men. It is a welcome sight when PNP members wear their uniform properly
wherever they may be. Since disciplined PNP members are best exemplified, by those
who are neat in appearance and wearing the prescribed uniform, they must
therefore observe the following:
18
19
a. Wearing of prescribed uniform

- Wearing as part of the uniform, awards and decorations earned in
accordance with the prescribed rules and regulations.
b. Adherence to haircut prescribed by rules and regulations.
5. Manner of Walking – every PNP member is expected to walk
with pride and dignity. OTHER POLICE CUSTOMS
1. Visiting the sick – PNP members who are sick in the hospital, their residence or
any place of confinement are visited by their immediate commanders or other
available officers of the unit in order that their needs are attended to.
2. Survivor Assistance to Heirs of Deceased Members – When PNP members die, a

survivor officer is designated to render maximum assistance to their legitimate
bereaved family until all benefits due shall have been received.
3. Visiting the Religious Leaders – The PNP officers visit religious leaders in
their area of assignment to establish or maintain rapport and cooperation
between the different religious leaders and the PNP.
4. Athletics – All PNP members indulged in physical fitness activities to insure

that their proper physical appearance and bearing are maintained with the waist
line measurement always smaller than the size of his chest and in conformity
with the standard set forth by organization.
5. Happy Hours – Usually on Friday or any other day suitable for the occasion, PNP
members gather together at their PNP club for a light hearted jesting or airing of
minor gripes.
TRADITION- is a body of beliefs, stories, customs and usage’s handed down from
generation to generation with the effect of an unwritten law.
1. Spiritual Beliefs – The PNP members are traditionally religious and God
loving persons. They attend religious services together with the members of
their family.
2. Valor – History attests that the Filipino law –enforcers have exemplified the
tradition of the valor in defending the country from aggression and oppression.
They sacrificed their limbs and lives for the sake of their countrymen whom they
have pledged to serve.
3. Patriotism – The PNP members are traditionally patriotic by nature. They

manifest their love of country with a pledge of allegiance to the flag and a vow to
defend the Constitution.
4. Discipline – The discipline of PNP members are manifested by instinctive obedience

to lawful orders and through spontaneous actions towards attainment of
organizational objectives guided by moral, ethical and legal norms.
5. Gentlemanliness – The PNP members are upright in character, polite in

manners, dignified in appearance, and sincere in their concern to their fellowmen.
6. Word of Honor – The PNP members’ word is their bond. They stand by and commit
to uphold it.
7. Duty – The PNP members have historically exemplified themselves as

dedicated public servants who perform their tasks with a deep sense of
responsibility and self- sacrifice.

8. Loyalty – The policemen are traditionally loyal to the organization, country and
people as borne by history and practice.
9. Camaraderie – The binding spirit that enhances teamwork and cooperation in

the police organization, extending to the people they serve, is manifested by the
PNP members deep commitment and concern to one another.
19
20
POLICE OFFICERS PLEDGE (POP)
1. I will love and serve God, my country and people;

2. I will uphold the Constitution and obey legal orders of the duly
constituted authorities; 3. I will oblige myself to maintain high
standard of morality and professionalism;
4. I will respect the customs and traditions of the police service; and
5. I will live a decent and virtuous life to serve as an example to others.
The police Officer’s pledge should be recited during the following occasions.
1. Flag hoisting and flag lowering ceremonies, jointly with the Pledge of
Allegiance to the Flag (Pannunumpa sa Watawat)
2. PNP Training/course opening and closing ceremonies.
3. Seminars on moral values internalization
4. other ceremonies
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES
The rigid application of fundamental principles in police work is necessary to

avoid human rights violation and maintain respect of the profession, they are:
1. “The people has the responsibility to prevent and control crime, disorder and
oppression by influential/political groups, abusive soldiers, tyrannical
policeman, and decadent society.” 2. “The police has the responsibility to
recognize that the fulfillment of its functions is dependent upon community
approval of its existence, and on its ability to obtain and maintain responsive
support and participative cooperation.”
3. “The police has the responsibility to recognize that in order to secure and
maintain the approval, support and cooperation of the public, it has a
collateral responsibility of securing the willing assistance of the public in
the task of securing observance of law.”
4. “The police has the responsibility to recognize that when the community
cooperates and assists the police it diminishes proportionately the need for
the use of physical force and compulsion in achieving law enforcement
objectives.”

CHAPTER II
POLICE COMMUNITY RELATIONS
INTRODUCTION: The PNP as an organization is a part of the community it serves.

Every police officer shall concern himself on maintaining a meaningful relation
with the community. In his daily activities, he is guided constantly by strong sense
of responsibility, courtesy and sincerity. Good service is often a matter of how a
person presents himself to the public. Courtesy, however, must be coupled with
firmness in order to
command respect.
Community relation is like a three-legged stool. Each leg is of an equal
importance in holding the stool upright. One leg is public relations in its traditional
sense. Another leg is community service. The third leg is community participation,
and this is facet of the total community relations’ job that is being emphasized today
in police and community relations program.
In effect, it involves an inter-professional or framework approach to a wide number
and variety of community problems in which the police and other social institutions
have common stake. Stated otherwise, we learn from one another as we develop
respect for those who are in some ways different from ourselves.
This suggests that problem solving can be an exciting educational experience.

It involves the idea of a police officer as a community leader, profoundly engaged in
the preventive policing that is the metabolism of effective police and community
relations as distinguish from tactical policing, concerned only with what is to be done
after the fact of a prior or major disorder. It is who portray the police officer as a
“professional citizen”, gradually to rid the police officer of what has been called the
PARIAH complex.
Definition of Terms
20
21
1. Police – is a group of person s established, maintain and organized for keeping

order, safety, protection of lives and properties and for prevention and detection of
crimes.
2. Community – refers to the civilian populace in cities, municipalities or Public

in general, and shall used interchangeably with public, citizenry, society or
private sectors.
3. Police Ideal – is the expected essence of perfection, sympathetic, courteous

intelligent honest and in control of his emotions and temper at all times. It also
includes courage and highest sense of dedication to duty.
4. Personal Media – Implies the use of rallies, meetings, speeches and house to house
visits to the community.
5. Mass Media – implies the use of radio, television and a motion pictures in
transmitting information to the public.
6. Barangay – is the basic political unit of Filipino nation that implements the
policies of the national and local government.
7. Propaganda – defined as the planned use of public or mass communication media.
POLICE COMMUNITY RELATIONS - It is the sum total of dealings between the

police and the people it serves and whose goodwill and cooperation it craves for
the greatest possible efficiency in the service.
OBJECTIVES OF POLICE COMMUNITY RELATIONS - The following are the

main objectives of Community Relation from the viewpoint of Law Enforcement
and Community safety. 1. T o maintain and develop the goodwill and confidence
of the community for the people. 2. To obtain cooperation and assistance.
3. To develop public understanding and support and appreciation for
the service of the people. 4. To create broader understanding and
sympathy with the problems and needs of the public. 5. To facilitate

law enforcement and community.
6. To build public opinion in favor of the police.

7. To achieve the Police purpose or preserving the peace, protection of life
and property, and the prevention of crime.
Types of Police Community Relations - The basic ingredients in the

effective observance of police community relation include the following:
A. Public Information Program- designed to bridge any communication gap between

the police and public. Every PNP unit is expected to conduct and develop a good
workable public information program and this is the basic among the four programs
of community relation.
The following are the activities Implemented by Public Information Officers.

1. Conduct of barangay tanod seminars.
2. Conduct of barangay meetings to inform the barangay officials regarding
trends and other police community problems.
3. Police station commanders assign a place in police station for barangay leaders
so that they can work together and provide coordination.
4. Produce and distribute brochures, advising the people on how to protect
themselves in their homes and premises.
5. Conduct environment sanitation seminars.
6. Conduct troop information or educational and historical lectures in all units
offices of Police districts. 7. Discuss with high school students and
parents/teachers association about drug abuse prevention and control.
8. Conduct cleanliness, saturation or information drive where notices of such
deficiencies are issued. 9. Established police counseling centers in
zones/barangays to provide advise to barangay leaders on crime prevention and
control.
B. Public Relation Program- This is designed to maintain harmony and mutual

support between the police and the community. Every PNP unit from station level up
to higher level, shall have a Public Relations Officer to
21
22
look after the Public relation aspects of police work. The mission of PRO is to gain
public support for police
policies and to win citizen’s cooperation in the program and procedure of the police
station in order to facilitate the accomplishment of police task.
Activities Implemented by Public Relation Officer

1. Conduct face to face communications including dialogue with the public.
2. Attend social cultural activities of the barangay, such as birthdays, weddings,
wake and others. 3. Attend multi-social ugnayans, which include religious sectors,
schools, barangay civic organizations and government agencies.
4. Sending letters of appreciation to citizen whom assists the police in their work.
5. Conduct first aid and traffic safety education.

6. Promotion of manpower development for out of school youth.
7. Sponsorship of youth athletic activities.
8. Assist immediate in settling dispute at barangay level.
C. Psychological Program – This is designed to condition both friendly and hostile

public thereby insuring facilitating the attainment of police objectives. This program
is designed to influence the opinions, emotions, attitudes and behaviors of the
community so that they will behave in a manner beneficial to the police particularly
the PNP in general, either directly or indirectly. It will condition the citizenry to adhere
to the laws of the land and dissuade them in committing crimes. These may be
spoken, written, pictorial or musical forms.
These may be information ideas, doctrine, or special appeal disseminated to
influence the opinion, emotions, attitudes or behavior of specified group. It may
through the publication of timely leaflets, pamphlets, slogan, billboards, and other
media designed to improve not only the PNP image but also individual members of the
force. PNP personnel are in good position to conduct psychological operation because
of their direct contact with the people in their respective areas.
The police unit in the provinces knows the ideological temper and peculiarities,
including the susceptibilities of the people in the localities. Psychological direction
should be an integral part of police operation because of the reason that, use of force
cannot alone solve the problems of
dissidence and lawlessness. Police assigned in the Psychological Operation Program
should be equipped with basic knowledge on psychological principles and must
devote time for “heart-to-heart” talk or dialogue with the people, particularly the
youth.
Activities Implemented by Psychological Operation Officer;

1. Conduct seminars for barangay officials, police civic relation officers, school
officials to enable them to understand home defense activities.
2. Promote seminars among barangay leaders regarding
community relation activities. 3. Identify income generating
projects/activities.
Teach- ins, live- ins and Barangay. To demonstrate the sincerity and concern of the
PNP for the welfare of the people in the community, and to make its Psychological
Program effective, it may be necessary for appropriate members of PNP to conduct
“teach- in” and “live-in” within the community. These are particularly effective in the
rural but could be practiced sparingly in the cities.Teach-ins.
Members of the PNP assigned to conduct Psychological Operations may gather

small group of residents, including persons of influence in the community and give
lectures or engage the group in forma l conversation. Individuals conducting the
teach-in strive to become intimate with the group to identify their personal problems
and offer sincere suggestions on how to solve them, but always in support to the
police mission of eradicating
crime and lawlessness. The lectures and conversations
22
23
should take several hours and much as possible extends up to nighttime. The
termination of such teach-ins, the police conducting the same expect to gain personal
friendship and high credibility among the citizens in the community. These activities
may be repeated in as many communities as are necessary, with priority for places
where the police finds big obstacles in the accomplishment of its enforcement
mission.
Live-ins. The live-ins is detailed and more extensive version of the teach-ins. Police
officer assigned to conduct live-in should preferably be a long time resident, if not
native born citizen of the place where the live-in is conducted. The same techniques
employed in teach-ins may be used in the conduct of live-ins. The conductor resides
with a resident of known probability and good reputation as a law abiding citizen, for
at least two days, depending upon the evaluation of the situation of the conductor. In
this activity, it is necessary for the conductor to bring his own food and not be a
burden to the family with which he will live. He may help in the daily chores such as
chopping firewood, fetching water and accompanying the folks to church, social
gathering during the live-in. The conductor of the live-in may go to the extent where
and when advisable, donating medicines from the PNP stocks and performing first
aid. He should look into most urgent problems of the family with whom he is
conducting the live-ins in order to find out what assistance he could extend. The
assistance may have to take the form of a donation of vegetable seeds to the family,
helping write letter to relatives, bank or official of the local/national government to
expedite monetary claim and others. Whatever be the problems of the family, the
conductor of the live-ins seeks to see how he can help gain the best support with the
family and eventually support the police. The conductor of live-ins should as much as
possible, involve members of neighboring families and other who wish to join, during
the informal talks or family circle gathering.
The Barangay. The barangay is the basic political unit of the Filipino nation that
implements policies of national and local governments. Next to family circle, it is
necessary to involve the Barangay Chairman and the members of the Barangay
Council in the group with whom the teach-ins or live-ins is conducted. The Barangay
Chairman, Barrio Captain, Barangay Leader and Barangay Council members shall,
within their respective districts or barrios, assist the regular police agencies in the
maintenance of peace and order. For this purpose, such officials, in addition to their
other functions, discharge or perform the following responsibilities and duties.
1. To report immediately to the law enforcement/police authorities concerned, the

occurrence of crime, accident, public disturbance or public nuisance of which
he has personal knowledge or which may brought to his attention.
2. To report immediately to the law enforcement/police authorities the presence of

any unknown criminal or suspicious character in his jurisdiction.
3. To conduct surveillance on suspicious activities or groups within his district or
barrio and to report immediately to the police any positive findings or
information gathered.
4. To conduct surveillance of crime-breeding areas in the barangay and report his

observation to the law enforcement officers.
5. To assist police authorities in tracing the whereabouts of missing persons,
arresting escape prisoners and other fugitives from justice and recovering stolen
properties and confiscating contrabands. 6. To assist police authorities and other
competent authorities in the service or the execution of warrant and other judicial
processes.
7. To coordinate closely with and actively assist law enforcers in the drives
against all forms of vice, smuggling, carnapping, drug addiction, juvenile
delinquency, violation of special laws and all other forms of lawlessness.
D. Civic Action Program – This program is designed to maintain and encourage

community development. The CAP is an activity that makes the police officer a
friend and partner of the people for progress as well as their defender. It can range
upward from basic individual act of courtesy of self-help, up to major engineering
projects. The CAP shall be concerned with Public welfare consistent with law
enforcement duties. As a law enforcer, he should also be involved in the
development and promotion of program and projects that would enhance the public
image of the police not only as the guardian of the peace but also initiator of
meaningful activities on promoting the social and economic interest of the
community.
Activities Implemented By Civic Action Officer

1. Conduct of free reflexology programs.
1. Assist the Philippines National Red Cross on blood donation campaign by
exerting extra effort in appealing to barangay officials.
2. Conduct free medical and dental civic action community.
23
24
3. Conduct free deforming of affected children in depressed areas.
4. Assisting the citizens in case of transportation strike and other similar cause.
5. Develop and maintain cleanliness and beautification of surroundings.
6. Attend to backyard gardening, tree planting and greening projects.
THE MAJOR STRUCTURE COMPONENTS OF PCR
1. POLICE INFORMATION AND EDUCATION- Are communication activities utilizing

the various forms of media geared towards creating consciousness and awareness
among target audience on facts and issues vital to the development of an efficient,
respected and supported police force.
2. POLICE COMMUNITY AFFAIRS - Are activities outside law enforcement but

which necessitates PNP support and or participation, the end result of which
ultimately contribute to better appreciation and an enhanced support to the PNP in
whole in part by the populace.
THE SUBCOMPONENT OF POLICE INFORMATION AND EDUCATION

1. Community Information- Community Information are activities utilizing the

various forms of media directed towards the public at large designed to increase
their consciousness and knowledge of facts and issues for purpose of enhancing law
enforcement, counter insurgency and crime prevention efforts, increasing crime
solution efficiency to include weakening of the will of the criminal elements and
insurgents and enlightening other groups of individual critical to the government in
general and the police organization in particular.
2. Institutional Information - Institutional Information are activities utilizing the

various forms of media directed towards the public at large designed to generate
trust, confidence and popular support for the PNP or simply enhancing public
perception and knowledge about the PNP as an institution of the government.
THE SUBCOMPONENT OF POLICE COMMUNITY AFFAIRS
1. Community Assistance and Development- these are activities outside the

field of the law enforcement under taken upon the initiative of the PNP unit of
personnel for the purpose of enhancing life as a means of drawing the support,
appreciation and support of the public towards the PNP.
Examples:
1. Skills, Livelihood, Cooperative Development
2. Sports, Socio cultural Development
3. Medical, Dental Outreach Services
4. Tree Planting
2. Community Inter Relations- these are activities outside the field of law
enforcement under taken upon the initiative of other government agencies-
governmental organization, and or individual citizens whereby a PNP unit or
personnel actively contributes time, money and or service as a means of drawing the
support, appreciation, and cooperation of the public towards the PNP in whole or in
part.
3. Community Organization and mobilization- these are activities revolving

around the accreditation of existing groups or creation of new ones with the end
in view of having allies within various sectors in the community who could be
tapped to assist the conduct of law services. Community works and the like.
THE COMPONENTS OF THE COMPREHENSIVE PCR PLAN AND ITS OBJECTIVES:
The two components of the plan are, INTERNAL REFORM and GAINING OF
INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT. The aim is to improve the image of the PNP and
reassure the general public that they can depend on the PNP to be their protector
and guardian in order to hasten and facilitate community mobilization for anti crime
efforts.
A. NET WORKING OPERATIONS: “THE CONCEPT OF EXECUTION”

The following institutions shall be the priority target:
24
25
1. CONGRESS: Congress being the law making body, is one of the vital
governmental institutions that can support the PNP. The PNP must master enough
support from Congress so that laws needed to enhance its capabilities to safeguard
peace and order of the community and ensure public safety as well as laws on
organizational development and modernization maybe enacted.
The following activities may be taken:
Organizational Level Liaison work: The Directorate for PCR shall maintain a
liaison office with Congress whose main task is monitor, get the pulse, actively
interact and possibly influence lawmakers on matters affecting the PNP. Since
relationship with this institution must be symbolic then this office shall also be
responsible in giving general, special, technical assistance to Congress as pertains
to the PNP.
Top Hierarchy Level Liaison work: Top leadership of the command shall
conduct regular Face to Face dialogues with key members of the Congress as
well as different Congressional Committees handling PNP affairs in order to
present for their appreciation and support on matters affecting the PNP.
2. THE MEDIA: The media unquestionably is the most powerful instrument in

forming public opinion.
Hence, there is the need to generate support from this institution of our society.
Specific activities to be taken with respect to this institution are the following:
A. Development of guidelines on Media—PNP relationship. In brief, these

guidelines shall form the basis of the PNP as an organization as well as of its
individual personnel dealing with the media. B. Providing timely and accurate
information through press releases, regular conference, daily bulletins, and
attendance to talk show and similar programs.
C. Giving the media reasonable accessibility to source of information in
accordance with the existing security regulations.
D. Improvement of rapport with media through non-law enforcement activities
such as sports, outing parties and the like.
E. Giving of special awards by the PNP to deserving media personalities.
3. THE CHURCH: Another important institution of our society is the church,

especially in opinion building in predominantly God living and God fearing country
such as ours. The opinion of church leaders, carry much weight among the religious
people. It need not underscore that a pastoral letter read through out the country
carry great impact.
a. relationship or union (liaison) with important church personalities.

b. monitoring and assessment
c. special activities
4. THE STUDENTS/ SCHOOL: Another big and important institution of society

whose support, sympathy (understanding) and empathy ( personality
projection)when properly exploited will provide the PNP a potentiality.
a. Effective liaison work (union) with key school authorities

b. Monitoring and assessment
c. Involvement and support in different school activities such:
1. Drug education program
2. Crime prevention program
3. Immunization and vaccination program
4. Organization of Junior Police
5. Medical/Dental outreach program in coordination with DECS/DOH
5. COMMUNITY/NGO: Another institution of the society, that plays a vital role in

enhancing the PNP image. They are composed of society people having common rights
and privileges, common interest and aspiration formally organized but at times most
determinative of the outcome of an issue.
PUBLIC INFORMATION AND PROPAGANDA OPERATIONS:
1. ON INTERNAL SECURITY: Intensified information on evils of the ideology and

actual terrorist operations through regular issuance of press releases. The editors or
columnists should enhanced utilization of the tri media to write, print and broadcast.
25
26
2. ON CRIME PREVENTION:/LAW ENFORCEMENT

a. Sustained information drive on how the public can reach public assistance.
b. Strengthen public and the utilization of the tri-media especially on modus
operandi, safety and the like.
3. ON PUBLIC SAFETY:
a. Intensified information drive on pre disaster preparedness.
b. Support information drive on how to get government assistance when
affected by calamity or disaster.
c. Intensified information campaign to generate awareness and sympathy for the
victims of calamities and disasters with the aim of gaining relief goods and
other support to them.
CONDUCTING INTERNAL REFORMS:
1. Continuous Values Orientation and Skill development of the PNP personnel:

Intensification of police education and values orientation. Internalization of the Code
of Ethics and Professional Standard of the PNP; Moral and Spiritual values and basic
courtesies relative to law enforcement.
2. Unrelenting (not forgiving) clean up of the organization of misfits, criminal

elements, and leaders with low potential. Entails the continuous investigation,
suspension or dismissed of misguided and erring police officers at all level. More
on OPLAN PAGBABAGO.
3. Not forgiving effort to brighten up the physical appearance of the PNP

facilities and vehicle. Sprucing (dressing up or arranging it neatly) up of all
police station or offices to create a public friendly atmosphere therein and the
exercise of proper care.
CAPAIGN FEEDBACK AND EVALUATION SYSTEM (CFES)

Bases of giving rating to the performance of the PNP, are the following:
1. Unit Visitation: This system involved the conduct of scheduled and run scheduled
visits by personnel of this directorate to check into performance, appearance and
behavior of police personnel and the state of PNP facilities and vehicles.
2. Surveys: Involves the conduct of random surveys by the PR (Public Relation)

or private agencies to determine the public perception of a particular PNP unit
or office.
3. Records: Involves the submission and analysis of periodic reports and special
reports by PNP units as required.
4. Interviews: Involves the conduct of casual and or structural interviews of

selected individuals who can provide insight on the current state of police
community relation. Example is the consultation with the barangay leader.
5. Media Analysis: Involves the monitoring of reports, stories commentaries printed

or aired by mass media practitioners to determine perception of individuals who are
considered as effective molders of public opinion.
IMPACT OF POOR PCR TO THE PUBLIC

a. Will not report the occurrence of crimes.
b. Will not come forward ad provide information.
c. Will be uncooperative or will not assist in the apprehension of criminals.
d. Will not be supportive of police activities
e. Will not testify in court voluntarily
f. May even aid the criminals
IMPACT OF POOR PCR TO POLICE OFFICERS

a. Becomes less judicious and less discreet
b. Reluctant to act on some matters needing police action
c. Induce unnecessary use of force
d. Induce verbal abuse
26
27
e. Induce improper practices
f. Makes an officer isolated and unhappy in his community
g. Diminishes his sense of fulfillment
LIMITATIONS
a. Lukewarm attitude of some
b. Inadequate general and technical support for PCR
c. Lack of qualified/trained personnel for assignment with PCR units
d. Enhancement of linkages between PCR units and other PNP units
PUBLIC RELATION - It is a program designed to make the public aware of what the
agency is doing, why and how it contributes to the welfare of the community.
TYPES OF PUBLIC RELATION:
1. Public Awareness Program- familiarizing the public with the true nature of
police operations. The following are public awareness programs:
a. Mobile Vans- certain variety of display and exhibit of police equipment, which
help to explain to the public what the police do and how they do it.
b. Displays and Exhibits- set up in department stores, shopping centers, and
other public locations are popular ways in which the police can bring their
messages to the public.
c. Informative Materials- distribution of pamphlets or brochures, which are
designed to explain their services to the public.
d. Open House- conducted during times of the year such as police week, or law
observance week, public tours of facility.
e. Public Speakers- provides speakers for various types of public gatherings
such as civic clubs, businessmen, associations and social groups.
f. Ride Along- permits number of the community to ride in a police car with an officer
and observed field operations.
2. Information Programs- providing the public with information, which is directly

related to the interest and needs of the community.
The following are information programs:

a. New Arrivals- making some members of the community feels at home in their
new surroundings. b. Traffic Advisory Reports- coordinate with the media in
announcing important traffic matters such as road accidents, highway
construction and traffic congestion.
c. Informational Bureaus- information about such things as renewal of drivers
licenses, payments of utility bills, availability of legal services and other items.
d. Informational Brochures- provide the public with booklets, pamphlets and other
types of publications which contain information of community interest.
3. Image Building Program- promoting programs, which are designed to create a

more favorable public image of the police.
The following are the image building:

a. Citizens awards
b. Police Color Guard
c. Police Citizens Luncheons

d. Operational Handshake
e. Recruit Visitation Programs
f. Community Events
g. Gifts packages
DUTIES OF THE PUBLIC RELATIONS OFFICERS:
27
28
1. To evaluate public opinion and attitudes with respect to the policies, methods
and personnel of the police station.
2. To advice the police station commander with regard to the public relations
aspects of new or revised departmental programs, policies, procedures and
activities
3. To plan and to carry out programs aimed at keeping the public
informed on police activities and 4. To provide staff supervision of all
police activities that may influence public support.
NEED FOR PUBLIC SUPPORT
The ultimate objective of police community relations is to influence the opinions,

emotions, attitudes,
and behavior of the public so that they will behave in a manner beneficial to the unit,
in particular, and the PNP in general either directly or indirectly, and to solicit public
support in order to make it easier for the police accomplish their task successfully.
FOUNDATION OF PUBLIC RELATIONS:
Public relations are basically founded on the GOLDEN RULE: Do not do unto
others what you do not want others do unto you.
Public relations is also founded on the following concepts:
1. Live and let die

2. Give before you seek to get
3. Give what is due to others
4. See the other person’s side
5. Respect so you would be respected
PRINCIPLES OF POLICE COMMUNITY RELATIONS:

Every member of the PNP shall adhere to the following principles of police community
relations:
a. Public support must be maintained. Every policeman shall be worthy of the

public’s high trust if he does his job well and leaves nothing unaccomplished
through carelessness. He shall appear able and willing to serve all.
b. Public resentment must be avoided. The policeman shall always bear in mind the
interest of the public and shall develop friendly relations by his good conduct. He
shall avoid nay occasion to humiliate, embarrass, annoy or cause inconvenience
to any individual.
c. Public goodwill must be developed. The policeman must be courteous, fair
and quick to assist individuals in the solutions of their problems.
d. The public must be kept informed on regulations and policies. The police must
inform the public on the regulations and policies of the police forces and the
reason for their adoption.
PEACE OFFICER’S INDIVIDUAL PUBLIC RELATIONS
The peace officer’s individual public relations are divided into five categories,
namely:
1. Domestic Relations – this consist of a person’s dealing with his family, parents and
immediate relatives, with whom he has to have good relationship in order to develop a
respectable family prestige as well as cordial community relations.
2. Neighborhood Relations – this consist of a person’s dealing with neighbor who

constitute a vital link to good reputation in the community.
28
29
3. Community Relations – this is made up of a person’s dealing with the citizens
of the community, city or town where a person likes, his membership or
contribution to civil undertakings and his membership or contribution to the
civic organization or community associations in the locality.
4. Church Relation – this consist of a person’s dealing with religious affiliation is

necessary for the stability of moral principle.
5. Government Relations – this is made up of the dealings, which a person has with
the government and its various instrumentalities. The recognition of government
authorities, its laws and ordinance, as well as other public responsibilities, are
significant phases of an individuals public relations.
THE PEACE OFFICER’S PROFESSIONAL PUBLIC RELATION:
The peace officer’s professional public relations are divided into eight (8)
categories, namely:
1. Intra- departmental relation- this is made up of the peace officers relations with
the officers and men of his own department, his supervisor, the station
commander, as well as the city/municipal mayor where he is assigned.
2. Inter- departmental relations – relations with other police agencies are evident
in his cooperation’s and dealings with the PNP and other law enforcement
agencies of the government.
3. Citizen’s relations – this includes all dealings or contact with the citizens in
relations to the enforcement of the law and the maintenance of peace and order,
together with the giving of information to the public or criminal and non-criminal
activities.
4. Complaints relations – this includes how officer deals with complaints, the
techniques of interview he uses, the manner of approach he adopts, the treatment of
witnesses as well as informers.
5. Relations with accused persons – this covers the proper treatment of suspects,
the recognition of their constitutional rights during custodial investigation and
the handling of accused persons during confinement.
6. Relations with State Prosecutor- this includes a police officer’s duty to

cooperate during preliminary investigations and the gathering of further
evidence, once the case is, filed by the fiscal.
7. Judicial relations – this consists of the peace officer’s duties toward the courts
when appearing as a witness and the honesty of his testimony.
SUPPLYING INFORMATION TO THE PUBLIC: The police should be alert to assist the
public in every way possible. Citizens invariably turn to the police for information,
and the police should be prepared to supply it. The headquarters staff and all other
members of the police station should know the geography of the city/ town and
surrounding areas, the principal highways, the direction and distance to nearby
towns, the location of prominent buildings, parks, and schools and the schedules
and routes of the transportation system.
RECEIVING COMPLAINTS FROM CITIZENS: When a citizen calls at the police

station or approaches a policeman on the streets to make a complaint, he should be
accorded a suitable reception. The police officer must adopt an attractive manner; his
attitude must be alert, his face and voice must be pleasant, and he must appear
interested in the subject at hand. Timid citizens often dread police officers should
make great effort to place these timid citizens at ease.
THE COMPLAINT DESK OFFICER: The complaint desk officer should be alert at
his desk and avoid ignoring a timid citizen. As soon as he sees a person
approaching, unless he is busy with another citizen, he sees a person approaching,
unless he is busy with another citizen, he should immediately offer his service by
posing a simple question such as “ May I do something for, Sir/Ma’am?” to
demonstrate his sincerity. If possible, there should also be a woman employee at
the desk to handle complaints from women who may be timid about approaching a
male officer. This employee need not be a policeman; a clerical employee may be
stationed at the complaint desk for this purpose.
29
30
FULL ATTENTION BE GIVEN TO COMPLAINT: A person who approaches a

policeman for assistance should be given ample opportunity to tell his story. The
officer can sometimes assist with intelligent questions, evidence of sympathy, and
assurance of aid. But he should not needlessly interrupt the explanation of the
complainant. The citizen gets the impression that the police are not interested in his
complaint when the officers’ attention appears to be diverted to
other matters. The impression of inattention and a lack of interest may be avoided if
the officer focuses his attention on the citizen while receiving the complaint. He
should also take down notes. Even though the information offered may be of title or
no real importance or interest to the police, the officer should treat it with respect
and consideration because it is concern to the citizen. Should the subject matter
require the attention of some other division of the police station, the citizen should be
referred to that office, but in such a manner to avoid any doubt as to the officer’s
interest in the citizen and his complaint.
RECEIVING COMPLAINTS AND CRITICISM AGAINST THE POLICE: Citizens

sometimes complain to patrol officer regarding police station policies and programs
over which the patrol officer exercises no control. The unfairness of making such
criticisms to a patrol officer is quite apparent. They are usually made for the effect
they have on the officer who receives them rather than in the expectation of corrective
action. Such complaints should be referred to the proper authorities for audience or
if permitted, the officer may refer the complaint immediately to his superior officer.
Sincere citizens sometimes make an earnest effort to offer information and
suggestions of value to the police. These should be accepted in the spirit in which
they are offered, with graciousness and appreciation even though the subject matter
may be infuriating.
LEGITIMATE COMPLAINTS AGAINST POLICE OFFICERS: The police station itself

influences the attitudes of both the police and the public. The public does not react
favorably to an ill-smelling dank, poorly kept, and unclean police station; neither to
the police officers themselves. While the police may have little choice in the location
and arrangement of their headquarters they do have the opportunity and the
responsibility to maintain them in a clean and presentable condition. Paint of a light
color can usually be obtained and trusty labor is usually available for painting,
cleaning and janitorial services. The officers should give a business-like appearance
in their furnishings and in their freedom from trash miscellaneous unsightly articles.
There should be a place when not in actual use. The top of desks and filing cabinets
should be kept free of papers and boxes. Storeroom space be provided so that no
material in boxes or otherwise, will need to be stored on the floors and in the corners
of offices.
KATARUNGANG PAMBARANGAY
Role of Barangay. As the basic unit of government, the barangay serves as the
primary planning and implementing unit of state policies, plans, programs, projects
and activities in the community, and a forum wherein the collective view of the
people are expressed, crystallized and considered, and where dispute may be
amicably settled.
Subject Matter for Amicable Settlement Exception Therein. The Lupon of each
Barangay shall have the authority to bring together the parties actually residing in
the same city or municipality for amicable settlement of all disputes
except.
b. Where one party is the government or any subdivision or instrumentality
thereof. c. Where one party is a public officer or employee and the dispute relates
to the performance of his official functions.
d. Offenses punishable by imprisonment exceeding one (1) year or a fine
exceeding five thousand pesos. e. Offenses where there is no private offended
party.
f. Where the dispute involved real properties located in the different cities or
municipalities unless the parties agree to submit their differences to amicable
settlement by an appropriate lupon. g. Disputes involving parties who actually
reside in the barangay of different cities or municipalities, except where such
barangay units adjoin each other and the parties thereto agree to submit their
differences to amicable settlement by an appropriate lupon.
h. Such other disputes which the president may determine in the
interest of Justice or upon recommendation of the Secretary of
Justice.
30
31
Venue
a. Dispute between persons actually residing in the same barangay shall be brought
for amicable settlement before the lupon of said barangay.
b. Those involving actual residents, of different barangay within the same city or
municipality shall be brought in the respondents actually resides, at the
selection of the complainants.
c. All disputes involving real property or nay interest shall be brought in the
barangay where the real property or the larger portion thereof is situated;
and
d. Those arising at the work place where the contending parties are employed or at
the institution where such parties are enrolled for study shall be brought in the
barangay where such workplace or institution is located.
Objection to venue shall be raised in the mediation proceeding before the

punong barangay; otherwise the same be deemed waived. Any legal question
which may confront the punong barangay in resolving objections to venue
herein referred to may be submitted to the Secretary of Justice or his duly
designated representative whose ruling thereon shall be binding.
Conciliation
a. Pre-condition to filing of complaint in court.

No complaint petition, action, or proceeding involving any matter within the
authority of the lupon shall be filed or instituted directly in the court or any
government office for adjudication, unless there has been a confrontation between
the parties before the lupon chairman or the pangkat and that the lupon secretary
has attested to the lupon chairman or pangkat and that no reconciliation or
settlement reached as certified by the lupon secretary as attested to by the lupon
chairman or pangkat chairman or unless the settlement has been repudiated by
the parties thereto.
b. Where parties may go directly to court. The parties may go directly to court in
the following instances: Where the accused is under detention.
1. Where a person has otherwise been deprived of personal liberty
calling for habeas corpus proceedings.
2. Where actions are coupled with provisional remedies such as preliminary
injunction, attachment, delivery of personal property, and support
pendants life; and
3. Where the action may, otherwise be barred by the statute of limitation.
c. Conciliation among members of Indigenous Cultural Communities

The customs and traditions of indigenous cultural communities shall be
applied in settling dispute between members of the cultural
communities.
PRINCIPLE OF COMMUNITY RELATION
Every member of the PNP shall adhere to the following principles of police community
relations:
1. Community Support must be maintained.

a. Every police shall be worthy of the public high trust by doing his job and
leaving nothing through carelessness.
b. He shall make himself available and be willing to serve everyone.
2. Community Resentment must be avoided.

a. Every policeman shall have in mind the interest of the public.

b. He shall develop friendly relations by his good conduct.
c. He shall avoid any occasion to humiliate, embarrass, annoy or inconvenience
anyone.
3. Community Goodwill must be developed.

A police should be courteous, fair and quick to assist individuals in the solution of
their problems.
4. Community must be kept informed.

The police should inform the community of the regulations and policies of
the police force and the reasons of their adoption.
31
32
THE MANY COMMUNITIES IN COMMUNITY RELATIONS
Each of these communities, and others, will receive individual attention. At

this point, however, it is important to recognize a few of the many communities
that make up the environment in which police work.
Each has a distinct way with police and with each other. Each community must be a
part of police-community relations if it is to be truly effective.
1. External Communities
a. The Justice Community – other police agencies, jurisdiction, courts, and

corrections departments existing at many levels of government are a part of the
justice community with which police must interact. The nature of the
relationship between police and members of the justice community has a direct
impact on police effectiveness in achieving their goals. A lack of coordination,
communication, and mutual respect within this community, or system, is
legendary. Community relations include relations with this community as a
whole and with its individual members.
b. The Human Services Community – The human services umbrella includes many
public and private social service resources mental health general services. Media
civic and religious groups and educational services. Mutual support and
availability or services may be lacking because of poor police-community
relations. Keeping the peace may depend upon access to coordination of such
resources.
c. Citizens and the Police – Peel’s Principles states that “the police must secure
the willing cooperation of the public in voluntary observance of the law to be able
to secure and maintain public respect.” Part of the police community relations is,
understanding the public the police serve and having the public understand the
police. The public is composed of people with varying needs and hopes, who live
in a changing society and bring to the society conflicting values and cultural
rules. The police agency is relatively closed, somewhat secretive, and vague as to
what the police role and citizen role should be. Citizen participation in policing,
particularly in crime prevention aspects has increased in recent years.
2. Internal Communities
a. The Personal Support Community – The officer’s support group, both in the
sense of family system and close personal relationships, affect the officer’s
perspective and effectiveness. The officer has an impact on the support group as
well. This relationship may be one of the most critical in determining the officer’s
ability to cope with the human experience of being a cop. It may also determine to
a large degree how the individual officer will relate with other communities.
b. The Police Community – The police officer as a member of the police agency and
police structure must also be considered. It is this community that can determine
whether police-community relations outside the agency will be supported or
undermined both as a matter of policy and practice. The first positive relationship
that must formed effective community relations, in a larger sense that is to be
accomplished is, within the agency itself.
FOUNDATION OF COMMUNITY RELATIONS – The foundation of good community

relations is efficient service. No amount of publicity can cover up inefficiency or poor
public service of the police. The requirements for good community relations are; (1)
sincerity in serving the public, (2) full knowledge of the job, (3) deep conviction in the
mobility of his work as a necessary service to promote individual or national welfare,
(4) sound police ethics, and (5) high standard of management and operation.
How to Regain and Maintain the Trust and Confidence
1. The police should be people oriented to recognize the divergence of people and yet
capable to be working together with them for a common good. Being good is not
enough; you must show it by the way you perform your job and by the state of
discipline of every officer and men in the police station or similar unit.
2. The command must increase the personnel assigned to patrol division in line
with the police visibility program and to make them available to provide police
assistance at nay time.
32
33
3. Requesting the community to assist in identifying the scalawags in uniform as a
basis for giving immediate disciplinary action against them.
4. The policeman should closely coordinate with the business community to
identify areas where police presence is needed.
5. Conduct in-depth study and to initiate the immediate assignment of police to
every barangay to serve the public needs and to call upon residents and oversee
their well being.
POLICE AND THE COMMUNITY – The PNP program of growth includes the
development of the essential attribution of all its members. Every police thus:
1. Shall be loyal to the service, which he belong and is proud of.

2. Shall be sympathetic and display the ability to feel the suffering of other people.
3. Shall be confident in his ability to know the job and do it well.
4. Shall dispose of and act on all cases correctly.
5. Shall guard against harsh judgment from opinion in advance.
6. Shall be courteous to the community at any place and on any occasion.
7. Shall demonstrate strong faith in what he is doing.
8. Shall not sulk in the face of danger but with his mental
conviction and physical strength. 9. Shall maintain an attitude of
enthusiasm, dedication, zeal and pride in his work.
10. Shall be tact in his dealing with people of the community.
11. Shall be firm and unyielding but not officious in dealing with people.
12. Shall be serious and purposeful but not officious in dealing with people.
13. Shall genuinely be interested to his task.
14. Shall avoid unwarranted practice or situation that will endanger him.
15. Shall be patient when the situation demands.
a. Moral and Esprit de Corps – The reputation that the police service bears
with the community is built upon favorable community relationship and express by
community. Confidence in the continued constructive accomplishment is only
possible when the internal strength of the organization is assured. There must be
high morale among the members of the PNP reflected in their esprit de corps and
spring from their genuine loyalty and noble faith in the policies and objective of their
organization.
b. Must have exacting and exemplary conduct – The police by reason of their
specific responsibility are bound to more exacting code than any other public servant.
Delinquents in conduct that pass unchallenged when committed by other public
officials are acts that are accepted as common place in judging the conduct of the
citizens, adjudge as reprehensible when committed by policeman.
c. Police must be understanding – Policeman’s duty is to regulate the conduct

and administers to the needs of the people of all walks of life. The rich and the poor,
the old and the young, the weak and the strong, the literate and the illiterate are
equally entitled to and assured the protection of law.
d. Police influence over the community- the community looks upon the policeman as
representative of the authority of law. It is obvious therefore, that influence of the
policeman over the community is increased by reason of the authority they personify.
Policeman must be careful that the influence of their authority does not become
oppressive in their relationship with the community particularly in situations of
stress and excitement.
e. Practice of Courtesy – courtesy is more than friendliness. To appreciate

sincerity habitually performed acts of courtesy requires cultivation of appearance,
voice, manner, intelligence, humor, temperament and unselfishness that are easily
appreciated by the people. All of these factors commingle in the production of a
gentleman in principle and in conduct. Compassionate but firm and earnestly
interested without being over solicitous.
f. Courteous Treatment of Law violator- numerous contacts with anti-social

persons are likely to cause the policeman to assume an attitude of veneer hardness.
They often entertain erroneous belief that courteous treatment of law violators is an
indication of weakness, cringing or servility.
Policeman may be firm and exacting in the enforcement of the law, they may
be strict and relentless in their relationship with the offender that come under their
control, yet remain propitious and gentleman in their bearing. The fact that a
criminal, by reason of their depravity or because of his anti-social acts has not
earned
33
34
the respect of his fellowmen has no bearing upon the conduct of the policeman with
whom he is brought into contact.
g. Leadership – true leadership is personal it is a psychological balance

showing a well integrated personality. It is difficult to enumerate the specific
characteristics that combine in the personality of a true leader, because
individuals differ in their viewpoint and reaction.
The public is a willing body of people who ask little more of a leader with
qualities that will command their respect, loyalty and obedience. The qualities that
seem most common on persons who command public respect and confidence are
those that rate highly in influencing positive character of his men.
A good leader should possess the following qualities:
1. Self confidence – is faith to oneself, and it is predicated upon knowledge, still in

applying knowledge, and in the ability and willingness to pass one’s knowledge for the
benefits of the others.
- it is in fact a state of mental satisfaction that arises from being able to put
the possession of knowledge to constructive use.
2. Paternalism – is a quality found in policeman who are mindful of the welfare of

others. It is basic to police leadership because community welfare is the primordial
responsibility of police.
3. Fairness and Honesty – impartial application of laws and regulations, fairness and
honesty in exercising the police authority are powerful force in insuring community
respect for police service.
4. Self sacrifice – It is inescapable fact that to contemplate a situation without bias

requires first a complete subordination of self. Effective police work requires the
utmost self sacrifice, policeman who are selfishly impressed with their authority
cannot succeed as leader.
5. Decisive- Initiative and decisiveness are characteristics of man who acts correctly
at the proper time. Thehe ability to act decisively and correctly is a manifestation or
thorough preparation and interest in the appreciation of the task at hand. The ability
of policeman to meet emergencies with propriety and decision has no profound effect
upon shaping favorable community opinion.
6. Personal Dignity- It is an indicative of a policeman’s appreciation of the honor

of his position. It is an excellent manifestation of his “esprit de corps” and is a
powerful factor in creating community respect.
7. Physical and Moral Courage- The community assumes that police officers are
physically courageous, yet courage is not thoroughly understood by most citizens.
True courage is that state of devotion to duty that will give police officers the moral
stamina impelling them to the
performances of duty even in the face of full knowledge of the dangers involved.
Moral courage means that police officer to assume responsibility of their office
without quibbling, stand up for their conviction without attempting to shift or
evade the personal criticism.
8. Moral Ascendancy- It is the influence that one- person exercises over a group of
persons by reason of exemplary nature of his character. It arises out of withstand
the hardship of the work, sincerity of purpose that manifest its willingness to
personally adhere, without equivocation, to the same standards of conduct that he
is duty bound to enforce upon other.
h. Dependability and Punctuality – The police officer should be able to serve at

the right place and the right time. All the skills and abilities that a police officer
possesses is of little value unless he can defend upon to apply his skill at the proper
time.
i. Attitude in trial court – Police officers attending court sessions in whatever

capacity, shall not only appear in proper attire, but should also observe the
following behavior while in the witness stand, to wit:
1. He must say nothing but the truth.

2. He must be calm.
3. He must be prepared.
4. He must be courteous.
5. He must be natural and straightforward.
6. He must maintain his temper.
7. He must be attentive to the questions to be answered.
8. He must speak loud enough to be heard
9. He must be conscious of his personal appearance.
j. Appearing as a witness
1. Witness in criminal case: Police officer shall, when subpoenaed as a witness

in a
criminal case, promptly notify his immediate chief. No members
of the PNP shall be a witness in such capacity without the
service of a proper subpoena.
2. Witness in civil case-no member of the PNP shall testify in civil cases unless
summoned to do so by proper authority.
3. Action after court attendance- a member of the PNP attending

nay court session under subpoena/summon or other processes
as a witness, shall after having been released
there from for the day, immediately report to their superior officer.

Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS

PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS

PUBLIC SAFETY ETHICS

Ethics defined. Ethics is a system of moral principles or moral standards governing

The study and philosophy of human conduct, with emphasis on the

Why we study ethics?

1. Decisions (wrong ways and right ways of doing things)

Moralist is a person who values or follows good conduct, even in

the absence of religion. Ethics and Action: Why Behave? (An

Ethical Basis: Rules, Results and Relationships)

What should guide our behavior as public servants? It is helpful to look at

C. Relationships – Confusius proposed a “golden rule” of caring: “Do not do to others

Accountability and Action

For public service they must ultimately be accountable to:

A. Accountability in Government and in Civil Society – There is a network of

PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND POLICE EHTICAL STANDARD

1. Neglect of Duty or Nonfeasance – is the failure to perform an act which one is

2. Irregularities in the Performance of duty/ Misfeasance- is the improper

3. Malfeasance – is the intentional commission of a prohibited actor intentional

4. Misconduct – is the wrong doing or violation of departmental procedures.

6. Oppression – an act of cruelty, severity, unlawful execution, domination, or

7. Dishonesty – is the concealment or distortion of truth in a matter of fact

8. Disloyalty to the Government – Consist of abandonment or renunciation of one’s

9. Violation of Law – Presupposes conviction in court of any crime or offense

10. Corruption – is a forbidden acts involving misuse of office for gain.

11. Favoritism – is the unfair “breaks” to friends or relatives (nepotism).

13. Deviance – behavior inconsistent with the norms, values or ethics.

1. Police Gratuity – is the receipt of free meals, services or discounts.

3. Police Perjury – is usually a means to effect an act of corruption, leaving out

4. Police Brutality – is defined as excessive force, name calling, sarcasm, ridicule,

When citizen charges police brutality they maybe referring to number

5. Police Profanity – refers to the use of obscene and profane (walang

galang) language. 6. Misuse of Confidential Information – this

normally involves the jeopardization of ongoing

investigations by leaking information to friends, relatives, the public, the press,

SEX ON DUTY OR DUTY RELATED

1. Traffic Stops – to get closer look at a female or information about her.

B. LAW ENFORCEMENT CODE OF ETHICS

As a law enforcement officer, my fundamental duty is to serve mankind; to

I will never act officiously or permit personal feelings, prejudices, animosities or

I recognize the badge of my office as a symbol of public faith and accept it as a

I know that I alone is responsible for my own standard or professional

“AS A LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER, MY FUNDAMENTAL DUTY IS TO SERVE

“TO SAFEGUARD LIVES AND PROPERTY; TO PORTECT THE INNOCENT AGAINST

We must, however, understand some of the limitations that are present in a

The answer is both simple and complicated. It is simple in that the

It is complicated in that the most unpredictable of all commodities, with

There is a lesson to be learned from the legions of officers before us who

“TO RESPECT THE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS OF ALL MEN TO LIBERTY

Another alternative would be a “protective” society in which the people would

“I WILL KEEP MY PRIVATE LIFE UNSULLIED AS AN EXAMPLE TO ALL”

“MAINTAIN COURAGEOUS CALM IN THE FACE OF DANGER, SCORN OR

Fortunately, the aforementioned danger amounts to but a small fraction of the

In a democratic form of government, a police officer is a public officer and as

“WHATEVER I SEE OR HEAR OF A CONFIDENTIAL NATURE OR THAT IS

“I WILL NEVER PERMIT PERSONAL FEELINGS, PREJUDICE, ANIMOSITIES OR

It is difficult to know which desire is strongest in some persons, to help our

“I WILL NEVER ACT OFFICIOUSLY”

In most cases of apparent officiousness it is simply a matter of the officer not