Name MARGATE, ANGELICA M.

Date: JANUARY 24, 2023

Year & Section: CEA_2B_CE

Two types of plastic are suitable for use by an electronics component manufacturer. The
breaking strength of this plastic is important. It is known that σ = σ2 = 1.0psi. From a
random sample of size n_{1} = 10 and n_{2} = 12, we obtain ₁ = 162.7 and overline x_{2} =
155.4 . . The company will not adopt plastic 1 unless its mean breaking strength exceeds
that of plastic 2 by at least 10 psi. Based on the sample information, should it use plastic
1? Use the P-value approach in reaching a decision.

Given:

𝜎 = 1.0 𝑛1 = 10 x̄ 1 = 162.7

𝜎2 = 1.0 𝑛2 = 1 2 x̄ 2 = 155.4

Let us assume: ∝ = 0.05

𝐻0 = 𝜇1 − 𝜇2 = 10
𝐻𝑎 = 𝜇1 − 𝜇2 > 10

Determine the value of the test statistic:

x̄1 −x̄ 2 −(𝜇1 −𝜇2 )

𝑧= P=P(Z>−6.30) =1−P(Z<−6.30) ≈ 1−0 = 1
𝜎2 𝜎2
√ 1+ 2
𝑛1 𝑛2

162.7−155.4−10
𝑧= 2 2
√1.0 +1.0
10 12

𝑧 = −6.30
If the P-value is smaller than the significance level ∝, then the null hypothesis is
rejected.

𝑷 > 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 → 𝑭𝒂𝒊𝒍 𝒕𝒐 𝒓𝒆𝒋𝒆𝒄𝒕 𝑯𝟎

Two catalysts may be used in a batch chemical process. Twelve batches were prepared
using catalyst 1, resulting in an average yield of 86 and a sample standard deviation of
3. Fifteen batches were prepared using catalyst 2, and they resulted in an average yield
of 89 with a standard deviation of 2. Assume that yield measurements are
approximately normally distributed with the same standard deviation. a. Is there
evidence to support a claim that catalyst 2 produces a higher mean yield than catalyst
1? Use a = 0.01. b. Find a 99% confidence interval on the difference in mean yields that
can be used to test the claim in part (a).

Given:

𝑛1 = 12 x̄ 1 = 86 𝑠1 = 3

𝑛2 = 1 5 x̄ 2 = 19 𝑠2 = 2

a) Determine the hypothesis:

𝐻0 = 𝜇1 = 𝜇2
𝐻𝑎 = 𝜇1 < 𝜇2
Determine the pooled standard Deviation: Determine the test statistic:

(𝑛1 −)𝑠1 2 +(𝑛2 −1)𝑠2 2 x̄ 1 −x̄ 2

𝑆𝑝 = √ 𝑡= 𝑆𝑝 1
𝑛1 +𝑛2 −2 1
√𝑛 +𝑛
1 2

2 2
(12−1)3 +(15−1)2 86−19
𝑆𝑝 = √ 12+15−2
𝑡= 2.4900 1 1
√ +
12 15

𝑆𝑝 = 2.4900 𝑡 = −3.111

Determine the corresponding p-value from table V with df= 𝑛1 + 𝑛2 − 2 = 12 + 15 − 2 = 2.5.

0.001 < P < 0.0025.

If the p-value is less than of equal to the significance level, then the null hypothesis is rejected:

P<0.01 → Reject 𝐻0

There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the second population mean is
higher than the first population mean.
C = 99% → 0.99 → 𝑎 = 1 − 𝑐 = 1 − 0.99 = 0.01
 2
Determine 𝑡2 using the student T distribution table, which is given in the column with 𝑎 = 0.005
𝑎
and in the row with df= 𝑛1 + 𝑛2 − 2 = 12 + 15 − 2 = 2.5.

𝑡0.005 = 2.787

The end point of the confidence interval for 𝜇1 − 𝜇2 are the:

𝑆𝑝 1 1 2.4900 1 1
(x̄ 1 − x̄ 2 ) − 𝑡2 ∙ √ + = (86 − 89) − 2.787 ∙ √ + ≈ 5.6877
𝑎 𝑛1 𝑛2 12 15

𝑆𝑝 1 1 2.4900 1 1
(x̄ 1 − x̄ 2 ) + 𝑡2 ∙ √ + = (86 − 89) + 2.787 ∙ √ + ≈ −0.3123
𝑎 𝑛1 𝑛2 12 15

There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the second population mean is higher than
the first population mean.

-5.6877< 𝝁 < −𝟎. 𝟑𝟏𝟐𝟑

Two chemical companies can supply a raw material. The concentration of a particular element in
this material is important. The mean concentration for both suppliers is the same, but we suspect
that the variability in concentration may differ between the two companies. The standard
deviation of concentration in a random sample of n1 = 10 batches produced by company 1 is s1 =
4.7 grams per liter, while for company 2, a random sample of n2 = 16 batches yields s2 = 5.8
grams per liter. Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that the two population variances differ?
Use α = 0.05

Given:

𝑛1 = 10 𝑠1 = 4.7 α = 0.05

𝑛2 = 1 6 𝑠2 = 5.8

Determine the hypothesis:

𝐻0 = 𝜎1 2 = 𝜎2 2
𝐻𝑎 = 𝜎1 2 ≠ 𝜎2 2

𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐:

𝑠1 2 4.72
𝐹= 2= ≈ 0.657
𝑠2 5.82

The critical value is given in the third table VI in the row with dfd =𝑛2 − 1 = 16 − 1 =
15 and the column with df n=𝑛1 − 1 = 10 − 1 = 9

𝑓0.025,9,15= 3.12
 1 1
𝑓0.025,9,15 = = ≈ 0.2653
𝑓0.025,9,15 3.77

The rejection region contains all values smaller than0.2653 and all values larger than 3.12.

If the value of the test static is in the rejection region, then reject the null hypothesis:

0.2653 < 0.657 < 3.12 = → 𝐹𝑎𝑖𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝐻0

There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that the population variance differs.

4. Two different types of polishing solutions are being evaluated for possible use in a
tumble-polish operation for manufacturing interocular lenses used in the human eye
following cataract surgery. Three hundred lenses were tumble polished using the first
polishing solution, and of this number 253 had no polishing-induced defects. Another 300
lenses were tumble-polished using the second polishing solution, and 196 lenses were
satisfactory upon completion. a. Is there any reason to believe that the two polishing
solutions differ? Use a = 0.01. What is the P-value for this test? b. Discuss how this question
could be answered with a confidence interval on P1 - P2

𝐻0 = 𝜇1 − 𝜇2 = 0
𝐻𝑖 = 𝜇1 − 𝜇2 ≠ 0
Given:

𝑛1 = 300 𝑛2 = 300
x̄ 1 = 253 x̄ 2 = 196
𝛼 = 0.01 ; 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑐 = 2.575(𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒)
𝑛1 𝑝1 +𝑛2 𝑝2 253 + 196
𝑇𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑠 ∶ 𝜇 = = = 0.7483
𝑛1 + 𝑛2 600

𝑛1 +𝑛2 600
𝜎𝑑 = √𝜇(1 − 𝜇) = ((0.7483)(0.2517) ( )) = 0.0354
𝑛1 + 𝑛2 90000

(0.8433 − 0.6533) − 0
𝑧= = 5.367
0.0354
Thus since (𝒛 = 𝟓. 𝟑𝟔𝟕) > (𝒄 = 𝟐. 𝟓𝟕𝟓) we strongly reject 𝑯𝟎