Controversies

Name : Therese Ann Marie B.
Ebio
Year & Section:
ACTIVITY 1.7
CONTROVERSIES AND CONFLICTING VIEWS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
I. Discuss your stand about the controversy based on the evidence and
justifications about the Pigafetta, Albo, Legazpi accounts.
 In my perspective, the most vivid account was Pigafetta’s. The events

indicated in his account are more reliable for me because the
justifications were more sequenced and detailed. Pigafetta's eyewitness
account of the first Mass in the Philippines is the most thorough and
only surviving testimony. However, there are various interpretations of
his account depending on where it was held. Butuan had long been thought
to be the place of the Mass, according to historian Gabriel Atega.
II. Write an essay of your analysis and interpretation of the three accounts using
the questions found in the first column as a guide. Do not forget to cite other
sources, if you have used any.
A. What are the main arguments in the Cavite Mutiny? Do the accounts agree
or not? Explain.
Initially, both Montero and Izquierdo claimed that the abolition

of privileges enjoyed by Cavite arsenal workers, such as non-
payment of tributes and exemption from forced labor, were the
primary causes of the "revolution," as they called it; however,
other causes were enumerated by them, including the Spanish
Revolution, which overthrew the secular throne, dirty propaganda
spread by an unrestrained press, democratic, liberal, and
republican books and pamphlets. In the account of Tavera, it is
believed that the prohibition of the founding of art schools and
trades for the Filipinos were the main reason for the mutiny. The
accounts agree at some point. However some reasons do not click,
such as Izquierdo’s, it is indicated that the Filipinos planned to
mutinize at first and the Spaniards got a hold of it and made the
first move. In Tavera’s account, the reason for the mutinization
was the prohibited privileges.
B. What is your interpretation of the author’s message? To whom would you
agree/disagree?
 Izquierdo’s and Montero’s accounts both implied that the Filipinos
were the first to plan to fight against them. On the other hand,
Tavera’s account implied that the Filipinos were euthanized
because of the prohibition of the privileges by the Spaniards.
Based on the evidence written in the accounts, the most reliable
was Tavera’as. Tavera believed that the Spanish friars and
Izquierdo used the Cavite Mutiny as a powerful lever to overthrow
the Spanish government in the Philippines by magnifying it as a
full-blown conspiracy involving not only the native army but also
residents of Cavite and Manila, and most importantly, the native
clergy. And the only reason why the Filipinos did it was that
their rights were violated.
C. If you have read other historians’ interpretations of the accounts or

sources similar to this, how does your analysis fit with theirs? How do
these accounts support or challenge their argument?
 My analysis only focuses on the evidence that they indicated in
their accounts which is a must-read to better understand their
claims. I agree with some points however some accounts do not fit
mine. They support their accounts by giving some evidence that
will make their claims more credible such as the date, the people
involved in the event, and what happened in the event. These
accounts are all considered since they are the most credible
sources despite their differences.
D. What is the significance of these documents to our contemporary times?

 The importance of these documents in contemporary times is that
they contributed to Philippine history. Most historians in these
times make these accounts their basis for further study. Moreover,
students and teachers also need to study these histories to better
understand our origin and shall pass it on to the next generation,
nonstop. It is said that Cavite Mutiny, a small revolt of 200
Filipino troops and employees at the Cavite arsenal on January 20,
1872, served as a pretext for Spanish persecution of the fledgling
Philippine nationalist movement.
III. Do you think Rizal retracted? List down the pros and cons of the effect of this
issue on Rizal’s heroism. Explain the historical significance of this
controversy. Propose an idea/action on how this controversy may be addressed.
 In my perspective, Rizal did not retract. In the first place, why would
he retract when he knew that he would be executed despite withdrawal?
Until now, there is no legal evidence such as the artifacts that will
justify the retraction based on research. This controversy is significant
because it made a huge contribution not only to the Philippine history
but also to the cause of independence of the Philippines from the
Spaniard colonization though it is not the sole reason for it. The NHCP
should provide evidence that will claim the retraction that it happened
to avoid misconceptions. If there is no evidence, then they should at
least make a statement that will prevent people from questioning.
IV. For The First Cry Issues and Controversies: Why do you think this is important
to be discussed? What is the impact of this on you? How do you think this issue
can be resolved?
 It is important to be discussed because it is part of our history, our

origin. It is an event that affects Philippine history and we are part of
it. It doesn't matter when it happened, the real score in this
controversy is why it happened. The only argument in this part is the
date and the place where it happened. The issue can be resolved if the
historians or analysts choose one most credible source by studying the
accounts thoroughly though they already chose and considered one.

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Name : Therese Ann Marie B.

Year & Section:

CONTROVERSIES AND CONFLICTING VIEWS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

 In my perspective, the most vivid account was Pigafetta’s. The events

Initially, both Montero and Izquierdo claimed that the abolition

C. If you have read other historians’ interpretations of the accounts or

D. What is the significance of these documents to our contemporary times?

 It is important to be discussed because it is part of our history, our

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