TNPSC TAMIZHACHI TNPSC,TRB,RRB,POLICE

10k; tFg;G
,ay; - 5
kzw;Nfzp

 1723y; juq;fk;ghbapy; nkhopngah;j;J jkpo;nkhopapy;

mr;RUthf;fk; nra;jth;fs; ahH?
Nldp~;fpwp];Jt epWtdk;
 xU nkhopapy; czh;j;jg;gl;lij NtnwhU nkhopapy;
ntspapLtJ nkhopngah;g;G vd;wth;
kzit K];jgh
 “xU nkhop tsk;ngwTk; cyfj;Jld; cwT nfhs;sTk;
nkhopngah;g;G ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. cyf ehfhpf
tsh;r;rpf;Fk; nghUspay; Nkk;ghl;bw;Fk; nkhopngah;g;G
xU fhuzkhFk;”vd;wth;
K.F. [fe;ehj uh[h
 nkhopngah;j;jy; vd;w njhliu njhy;fhg;gpah; …………….
Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;
kugpay; (98)
 “khghujk; jkpo;gLj;Jk; kJuhGhpr; rq;fk;itj;Jk;”
ve;j nrg;Ngl;Lf;Fwpg;G
rpd;dkD}h; nrg;NgL
 tlnkhopf; fijfisj; jOtpg; gilf;fg;gl;l
fhg;gpaq;fs;
ngUq;fij> rPtfrpe;jhkzp>
fk;guhkhazk;> tpy;ypghujk;
 Njrpa czh;T Cl;Ltjw;Fk; xUikg;ghl;il
Vw;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; ,e;jpa muR gad;gLj;jpa
fUtp
nkhopngah;g;G
 nkhopngah;g;G Kaw;rpfs; vjd; %yk; njhlq;fg;gl;ld
 Njrpa Gj;jf epWtdk;
 njd;dpe;jpa Gj;jf epWtdk;
 rhfpj;jpa mfhnjkp
 mnkhpf;fh [g;ghdpd; ve;j gFjpapy; Fz;L tPrpaJ
`PNuh~pkh
 nkhF rh];l;L vd;w [g;ghdpa nrhy;ypd; nghUs;
tpilju mtfhrk; Ntz;Lk;
 ghujpapd; nkhopngah;g;G
- fhl;rp> ngUq;fhl;rp - Exhibition
- ,Ug;Gg;ghij - East ndian Railways
- Gul;rp - Revolution
- njhopy;epWj;jk; - Strike
 N~f;];gpah; ve;j ehl;L gilg;ghsh;
n[h;kd;
 ve;j E}w;whz;L tiu tlnkhop E}y;fs;
gy jkpopy; Mf;fg;gl;ld.
18 E}w;whz;L
 tq;f nkhopapy; fPjhQ;rypia vOjpath;
,utPe;juehj jh$H
TNPSC TAMIZHACHI TNPSC,TRB,RRB,POLICE

 ,utPe;juehj jh$h; ve;j E}iy Mq;fpyj;jpy;

nkhopngah;j;jhH
fpjhQ;ryp
 fPjhQ;ryp vd;w E}Yf;F toq;fg;gl;l ghpR
Nehgy;ghpR
 xUehl;bd; njhopy; tsh;r;rp - gad;gLj;Jk; kpd;dhw;wy;
 xU ehl;bd; gz;ghL> mwpT - nkhopngah;g;G E}y;fspd; vz;zpf;if
 nkhopngah;g;gpd; %yk; ngw;wpUf;Fk; nfhs;if
,yf;fpaj;jpwdha;Tf; nfhs;if
 Camel – tlk;>xl;lfk;
 tlk; vd;gjd; nghUs; - fapW
 Gijrhf;fil vd;w nrhy; ve;j nkhopnrhy;
kiyahsk;
 Telegraph - njhiythp
 Television - njhiyf;fhl;rp
 Telephone - njhiyNgrp
 Telescope - njhiyNehf;fp
 Telemetry - njhiy mstpay;
 Transcribe - gbnaLj;jy;
 Transfer - khWjy;
 Transform - cUkhw;Wjy;
 Transact - nray;gLj;Jjy;
 tpsk;gu nkhopf;F Njitg;gLtJ
nkhopngah;g;G
 n[h;kdpapy; Xh; Mz;by; nkhopngah;f;fg;gLfpd;w
E}y;fspd; vz;zpf;if
5000
 Gs;sptptug;gb mjpfkhd ………….. E}y;fs;
gpw nkhopfspy; nkhopngah;f;fg;gLfpd;wd.
jkpo;
 jkpo;  Mq;fpyk;> kiyahsk;> njYq;F> ,e;jp
fd;dlk;> tlnkhop> u~;ankhop> tq;fnkhop.
kuhj;jpnkhop.
 fUj;Jg; gfph;itj; jUtjhy; nkhopngah;g;igg;
……………… vd;W Fwpg;gLthh;fs;.
gad;fiy
 nra;AisNa jd; ntspaPl;L tbtkhf nfhz;bUe;j
jkpo;> mr;R ,ae;jpuj;jpd; tUifia xl;b
nkhopngah;g;ig vjph;nfhz;lNghJ ……………
tsh;r;rpia Nkw;nfhz;lJ.
ciueil
 jkpopy; Neub nkhopngah;g;ghFk; nkhopfs;
gpuQ;R> n[h;kd;> Mg;gphpf;fh>
yj;jPd;> mnkhpf;fh
 fhrpdpapy; ,d;W tiu mwptpd; kd;dh;
fz;Ls;s fiyfnsy;yhk; jkpopy; vz;zp
Ngrp kfpo epiy Ntz;Lk;
- FNyhj;Jq;fd;
TNPSC TAMIZHACHI TNPSC,TRB,RRB,POLICE

 nrd;wpLtPh; vl;Lj;jpf;Fk; - fiyr;

nry;tq;fs; ahTk; nfhzh;e;jpq;F Nrh;g;gPh;
ghujpahH
 NjkJuj; jkpNohir cyfnkyhk;
guTk; tif nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;
ghujpahH
 “thy;fhtpypUe;J fq;if tiu”vd;w E}iy
vOjpath; ahH
uhFy; rhq;fpUj;ahad;
 uhFyl rhq;fpUj;ahad; “thy;fhtpypUe;J fq;if tiu”
vd;w jdJ E}iy ve;j rpiwapypUe;J> ve;j Mz;L
vOjpdhH
`[uhghf; kj;jpa rpiw - 1942
 thy;fhtpypUe;J fq;if tiu ve;j nkhop E}y;
,e;jp
 “thy;fhtpypUe;J fq;if tiu” vd;w E}iy jkpopy;
Kjd;Kjypy; nkhopngah;j;jth;
fzKj;ijah - 1949
 thy;fhtpypUe;J fq;if tiu vd;w E}iy nkhopngah;j;jth;fs;
1949 – fzKj;ijah
2016 – lhf;lh; vd;.=jh;
2016 – Kj;J kPdhl;rp
2018 – A+kh thRfp
 ,d;Wk; mr;rplg;ngwhj E}y;fs; fhzg;gLk;
E}yfk;
gpuhd;R Njrpa E}yfk;
 gpuhd;R Njrpa E}yfj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; E}y;fs;
khzpf;fthrfh; gps;isj;jkpo;> ruspg;Gj;jfk;>
GJr;Nrhp mk;kd; gps;isj;jkpo;
 gpuhd;R Njrpa E}yfj;jpy; jkpo; VLfSk;> ifnaOj;J gpujpfSk;
gw;wpa nra;jpia $wpath;
jdpehafk; mbfs;
 mUisg; ngUf;fp mwpitj; jpUj;jp
kUis mfw;wp kjpf;Fk; njUis
- vd;w ghly; thp ,lk;ngw;Ws;s E}y;
ePjpntz;gh
 ePjpntz;gh vd;w E}ypd; Mrphpah;
fh.g.nra;Fjk;gpg; ghtyh;
 rjk; vd;gjd; nghUs;
100
 xUtuJ GyikiaAk; epidthw;wiyAk;> Ez;mwpitAk;
Nrhjpg;gjw;fhf xNu Neuj;jpy; epfo;j;jg;gLk; E}W
nray;fisAk; epidtpy; nfhz;L tpilaspj;jy;
rjhtjhdk;
 nra;Fjk;gp ghtyh; rpwe;J tpsq;fpa fiy
rjhtjhdk;
 nra;Fjk;gp gpwe;j khtl;lk;> CH
fd;dpahFkhp - ,lyhf;Fb (1874-1950)
TNPSC TAMIZHACHI TNPSC,TRB,RRB,POLICE

 nra;Fjk;gp ve;j tajpy; nra;As; ,aw;Wk;

jpwd; ngw;whH
15
 nra;Fjk;gp ve;j E}Yf;F ciu vOjpdhH
rPwhg;Guhzk;
 rjhtjhdp vd;w gl;lk; vq;F> vg;NghJ nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ
nrd;id tpf;Nlhhpah muq;F – 1907 khh;r; 10
 nra;Fjk;gp epidthf mikf;fg;gl;lit
 kzpkz;lgk; - ,lyhf;Fb
 gs;sp - ,lyhf;Fb
 nra;Fjk;gpapd; midj;J E}y;fSk; ehl;Likahf;fg;gl;ld
 jpUtpisahlw; Guhzk; vd;w E}ypd; Mrphpah;
guQ;Nrhjp Kdpth;
 rpyg;gjpfhuk; Kjw;nfhz;L $wg;gl;L tUk; fijfspy; xd;W
jpUtpisahlw; fijfs;
 “jpUtpisahlw;Guhzk;” vj;jid fhz;lq;fis nfhz;lJ
%d;W -kJiuf;fhz;lk;
-$lw;fhz;lk;
-jpUthythaf;fhz;lk;
 jpUtpisahlw;Guhzk;
fhz;lk; - 3
glyk; - 64
 guQ;Nrhjp Kdpth; gpwe;j ,lk;
jpUkiwf;fhL (Ntjhuz;ak;)
 guQ;Nrhjp Kdpth; ve;j E}w;whz;ilr;rhh;e;jth;
17 E}w;whz;L
 guQ;Nrhjp Kdpth; ahUila gf;jh;
rptngUkhd;
 guQ;Nrhjp Kdpthpd; E}y;fs;
 Ntjhuz;ag;Guhzk;
 jpUtpisahly; Nghw;wpf; fypntz;gh
 kJiug;gjpw;Wg;ge;jhjp
 fisg;G kpFjpahy; muR KuRf;fl;bypy; cwq;fpath;
Gyth; NkhrpfPudhH
 NkhrpfPudhUf;F fthp tPrpath;
jf^H vwpe;j ngUQ;Nruy; ,Uk;nghiw
 khrw tprpj;j thh;GW ts;gpd;……
- NkhrpfPudhH (GwehW}W)
 ,ilf;fhld; ahUila ez;gh;
fgpyd;
 ,ilf;fhldpd; ftpijia ,fo;e;j ghz;ba
kd;dd; ahH?
FNryghz;bad;
 ,ilf;fhld; nrhy;ypd; tbthfTk;>nrhy;ypd; nghUshfTk;
ahiu cUtfg;gLj;jpdhH
ghh;tjp – rptngUkhd;
 ,ypq;f tbtj;ij kiwj;J jdJ ckhNjtpahNuhL
Nfhtpiytpl;L ePq;fpath;
rptngUkhd;
TNPSC TAMIZHACHI TNPSC,TRB,RRB,POLICE

 Xq;F jz; giz#o; ePg tdj;ij ePj;J xUNghNjDk;

vd;w ghly;thpapy; ePgtdk; vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUs;
vd;d
flk;gtdk;
 rhkiu vd;gjd; nghUs;
fthpkhtpd; Kbapy; nra;j tprpwpahfpa
murr;rpd;dk;
 cdf;F gbf;fj;njhpahJ (Gjpa ek;gpf;if) vd;w
E}ypd; Mrphpah;
fkyhyad;
 cdf;Fg; gbf;fj;njhpahJ vd;w tho;f;if tuyhw;W
E}ypy; ahUila tho;f;if tuyhW ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ
Nkhp nkf;ypNahl; ngj;a+d;
 fkyhyad; ,aw;ngah;  Nt. FzNrfud;
 Nt.FzNrfhpd; gzp
taJte;NjhH fy;tpj;jpl;l xUq;fpizg;ghsh;
 nfhw;iff; Nfhkhd; nfhw;ifak; ngUe;Jiw
- [q;FEW}W
 nfhw;if mike;Js;s ,lk;
J}j;Jf;Fb
 tpdh tiffs; - 6
 tpil tiffs; - 8
 jhd; tpil mwpe;jpUe;Jk;> mt;tpil gpwUf;Fj; njhpAkh
vd;gij mwpAk; tpid
mwptpdh
 jhd; mwpahj xd;iw mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;fhf tpdTtJ
mwpahtpdh
 Iak; ePq;fpj; njspT ngWtjw;fhff; Nfl;fg;gLk; tpdh
Iatpdh
 jhd; xUnghUis thq;fpf; nfhs;Sk; nghUl;L
tpdTtJ
nfhsy;tpdh
 gpwUf;F xU nghUis nfhLj;J cjTk; nghUl;L
tpdTtJ
nfhiltpdh
 xU nraiyr; nra;AkhW VTjw; nghUl;L tpdTtJ
Vty;tpdh
 Rl;L tpil - Rl;bf; $Wk; tpil
 kiw tpil - kWj;Jf;$Wk; tpil
 Neh; tpil - cld;gl;Lf;$Wk; tpil
 Vty; tpil - kWg;gij VTjyhff; $Wk; tpil
 tpdh vjph;
tpdhjy; tpil - tpdhtpw;F tpilahf ,d;ndhU
tpdhitf; Nfl;gJ
 cw;wJ ciuj;jy;
tpil - Vw;nfdNt Neh;e;jijf; $wy;
 cWtJ
$wy; tpil - ,dpNky; Neh;tijf; $wy;
 ,dnkhop tpil - tpdhtpw;F tpilahf ,dkhd
kw;nwhd;iw tpilahff; $wy;.
TNPSC TAMIZHACHI TNPSC,TRB,RRB,POLICE

 nra;Aspy; nrhw;fisg; nghUSf;F Vw;wthW Nrh;j;Njh

khw;wpNah nghUs; nfhs;Sk; Kiwf;F ……………. vd;W ngah;.
nghUs;Nfhs;
 nghUs;Nfhs; vj;jid tifg;gLk; - 8
 Mw;WePh;g; nghUs;Nfhs;
 nkhopkhw;Wg;nghUs;Nfhs;
 epuy;epiwg;nghUs;Nfhs;
 tpw;g+l;Lg; nghUs;Nfhs;
 jhg;gpirg;nghUs;Nfhs;
 miskwpahg;Gg; nghUs;Nfhs;
 nfhz;L$l;Lg;nghUs;Nfhs;
 mbkwpkhw;Wg; nghUs;Nfhs;
 ghlypd; njhlf;fk;Kjy; KbTtiu Mw;WePhpd; Nghf;ifg;
Nghy NeuhfNt nghUs; nfhs;SkhW mike;jjhy;
Mw;WePh;g; nghUs;Nfhs;
 xU nra;Aspy; nrhw;fs; Kiw gpwohky; thpirahf
mike;J tUtJ
epuy;epiwg; nghUs;Nfhs;
 epuy;epiwg; nghUs;Nfhs; tiffs; - 2
Kiwepuy;epiwg; nghUs;Nfhs;
vjph;epuy;epiwg; nghUs;Nfhs;
 nra;Aspy; vOtha;fis thpirg;gLj;jp mit Vw;Fk;
gadpiyfisAk; mt;thpirg;gbNa epWj;jpg; nghUs;
nfhs;Sjy; …………… MFk;.
Kiwepuy;epiwg;nghUs;Nfhs;
 nra;Aspy; vOtha;fis thpirg;gLj;jp mit Vw;Fk;
gadpiyfis vjph; vjpuhff; nfhz;L nghUs;
nfhs;Sjy; …………….. MFk;
vjph;epuy;epiwg; nghUs;Nfhs;
 xU nra;Aspy; gy ;mbfspy; rpjwpf;fplf;Fk; nrhw;fis
nghUSf;F Vw;wthW xd;Nwhnlhd;W $l;bg; nghUs;
nfhs;tJ……………. MFk;.
nfhz;L$l;Lg; nghUs;Nfhs;
 “fope;j ngUk; Nfs;tpapdhd; vdf; Nfl;L KOJ czh;e;j
fgpyd; jd; ghy; nghope;j ngUk; fhjy; kpF Nfz;ikapdhd;
,ilf;fhl;Lg; Gytd; njd;nrhy;”
- ,t;tbfspy; fope;j ngUk; Nfs;tpapdhd; ahH?
fhjy;kpF Nfz;ikapdhd; ahH?
FNry ghz;bad;> ,ilf;fhld;
 vOjg;gl;lij nkhopngah;g;G nra;tJ – Translation
 xUth; NgRtij nkhopngah;g;G nra;tj – Interpreting
 fw;if ed;Nw fw;if ed;Nw
gpr;ir GfpDk; fw;if ed;Nw
- ntw;wpNtw;if
 ntw;wpNtw;if vd;w E}ypd; Mrphpah;
mjptPuuhk ghz;bah;.
 ntw;wpNtw;if vd;w E}Yf;F toq;Fk; NtW ngah;
eWe;njhif
TNPSC TAMIZHACHI TNPSC,TRB,RRB,POLICE

 miwf;Fs; ahopir
Vnjd;W nrd;W
vl;bg; ghh;j;Njd;
Ngj;jp nel;Lug; gz;zpdhs;
ePjpE}y; jpul;ilNa
- ghujpjhrd;
 nrhy;Yk; nghUSk;:
jhh; - khiy
Kb - jiy
KdpT - rpdk;
mfj;Jtif - kdkfpo;r;rp
jkh; - cwtpdh;
ePgtdk; - flk;gtdk;
kPdtd; - ghz;ba kd;dd;
fthp - rhkiu
Etd;w - nrhy;ypa
vd;dh - mirr;nrhy;

mwpit tphpT nra;

 rpwe;j rpWfijfs; gjpd;%d;W - ty;ypf;fz;zd;(jkpopy;)
 Fl;b ,sturd; - nt. =uhk; (jkpopy;)
 Mrphpahpd; ilhp - vk;.gp. mfpyh (jkpopy;)