QUESTION NUMBER 1

Class Frequency (f) Mid value (x) F*.x cf

4-6 5 5 25 5
7-9 7 8 56 12
10-12 12 11 132 24
13-15 10 14 140 34
16-18 6 17 102 40
N= 40 ∑f*x =455

Mean

x=∑fx/n

455
=
40

= 11.375

Median class

= value of (n/2)th observation

= value of (40/2)

= value of 20th observation

From the column of cumulative frequency cf, the 20th observation lies in the class 10-12

The median class is 9.5-12.5

Now

L = lower boundary point of median class = 9.5

N = total frequency = 40
Cf = cumulative frequency of the class preceding the median class = 12

F= frequency of the median class = 12

C= class length of the median class = 3

Median M= L + [n/2 – cf/f] c

= 9.5 + [20 – 12/12] 3

=9.5 + 2

= 11.5

Mode class

Mode class is 9.5-12.5

L = lower boundary of the mode class = 9.5

F1 = frequency of the mode class = 12

F0= frequency of the preceding class = 7

F2 = frequency of the succeeding class = 10

C= class length of mode class= 3

Z = L + [f1-f0 / (2f1- f0-f2)] c

= 9.5 + [12- 7/ (2*12- 7- 10)] 3

=9.5 + (5/7) 3

= 9.5 + 2.1429

= 11.6429
 class Class boundaries Frequency f cf
4-6 3.5-6.5 5 5
7-9 6.5-9.5 7 12
10-12 9.5-12.5 12 24
13-15 12.5-15.5 10 34
16-18 15.5-18.5 6 40
N= 40

Minimum value = 3.5

Maximum value- 18.5

Range = 18.5 – 3.5

= 15

class Frequency f Mid value (x) F*x (f*x)2

4-6 5 5 25 125
7-9 7 8 56 448
10-12 12 11 132 1452
13-15 10 14 140 1960
16-18 6 17 102 1734
N= 40 ∑f*x = 455 ∑(f*x)2 = 5719

Mean

x=∑fx/n

455
=
40

= 11.375
Population variance

δ2 = [(∑fx2 - ∑(fx)2)/n]/n

= (5719- 4552 /40)/ 40

= 5719 – 5175.625/ 40

=543.375 / 40

= 13.5844

Population standard deviation

δ = √[(∑f*x2) – (∑f*x)2 /n]/n

= √[5719- (455)2 /40]/40

= √5719 – 5175.625 / 40

= √543.375 / 40

= √13.5844

= 3.6857
 QUESTION NUMBER 2

Solution:

A. The joint probability table will be as follows:

  Defective  Non-defective  Total

Company A (30/310) = 0.0968 (70/310) = 0.2258 0.3226

Company B (60/310) = 0.1935 (150/310) = 0.4839 0.6774

Total 0.2903 0.7097 1

B. To find the probability that a manufactured device is defective.

P (Defective) = 90 / 310

P (Defective) = 0.2903

The required probability is 0.2903.

C. To find the probability that a manufactured device is from company B and non-defective.

P (Company B and non-defective) = 150 / 310

P (Company B and non-defective) = 0.4839

The required probability is 0.4839.

 
 D. To find the probability that a manufactured device is from company A or company B.

P (Company A or Company B) = P (Company A) + P (Company B)

P (Company A or Company B) = (100 / 310) + (210 / 310)

P (Company A or Company B) = 310 / 310

P (Company A or Company B) = 1

The required probability is 1.

E. To find the probability that a device is defective if it is manufactured by company B.

P ( Defective∧Company B)
P (Defective | Company B) =
P(Company B)

60/310
P (Defective | Company B) =
210/310

60
P (Defective | Company B) =
210

P (Defective | Company B) =0.2857

The required probability is 0.2857

 QUESTION NUMBER 3

Given:

X= number of defective (x = 0, 1, 2, 3… n)

P= probability of manufactured device being defective

P= 0.30

N= number of manufactured device

N= 4

So x follows binomial distribution with parameter n and p

X → B (n= 4, p= 0.30)

P(x=x) = n(x px (1-p) n-x) x= 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

0≤p≤1

x 0 1 2 3 4
P(x) 0.24 0.4116 0.2646 0.0756 0.0081

a. At most means less than or equal to

X≤2

P(x ≤ 2) = p (x =0) + p (x =1) + p (x =2)

= 0.24 + 0.4116 + 0.2646

= 0.9162

b. At least means greater than or equal to

X≥2

P(x ≥ 2) = p (x =2) + P (x =3) + p (x =4)

= 0.2646 + 0.0756 + 0.0081

= 0.3483
c. Between 1 and 4
1< x < 4
P (1< x < 4) = p (x= 2) + p (x= 3)
= 0.2646 + 0.0756
= 0.3402
d. 𝐸 (𝑋) and 𝑉 (𝑋) using the table and then using the binomial distribution. Compare the
results.

Mean = E (X) = np = 4 * 0.3

= 1.2

Variance = V (X) = np (1-p)

= 4*0.3 (1-0.3)
=4*0.3*0.7
= 0.84
Using the table
E (X) = ∑xi p (xi)
= (0*0.26) + (1*0.6116) + (2*0.2646) + (3*0.0756) + 4*0.0081)
=1.2

V (X) = ∑ x 2i p (xi) – [E (x)]2

= [(0*0.24) + (1*0.6116) + (6*0.2666) + (9*0.0756) + (16*0.0081)] – (1.2)2
= 2.28 – 1.44
V (X) = 0.84

The mean and variance that is E (X) and V (X) are the same using the table and binomial
distribution formula.
 QUESTION NUMBER 4
Given:
X ~ normally distributed
µ = 10
δ2 = 25 = standard deviation (δ) = √ 25 = 5
x−µ
z=
δ

a. The probability that a random truck bought from company A will have a life span of
more than 12 years.

P (x > 12) = 1-p (x ≤ 12)

12−10
= 1-p (z < )
5

= 1-p (z < 0.4)

From z- table

= 1- 0.6554

= 0.3446 (4 d.p)

b. The probability that a random truck bought from company A will have a

life span of less than 7 years.

7−10
P (x < 7) = p (z < 5
)

= p (z<-0.6)
From z- table
= 0.2743 (4 d.p)
c. The probability that a truck randomly bought from company A will have

a life span of more than 5 years but less than 25 years.

P (5<x<25) = p (x<25) – p (x<5)
25−10 5−10
= p (z< 5
) – p (z < 5
)

= p (z < 3) – p (z<-1)
From z- table
= 0.9987 – 0.1587
= 0.8400 (4 d.p)
 QUESTION NUMBER 5

Let x be the continuous random variable follows normal distribution with population mean µ =
70 and standard deviation = 10

X-N (µ, δ)

δ
Let δ =
√n
δ
x – N (µ, ) where n = 45
√n
A. The mean and standard deviation for 𝑋̅.
1. Mean = µ = 70
δ 10
2. Standard deviation = = = 1.491
√ n √ 45
B. The probability that 𝑋̅ will be less than 65.

x−µ
Z= δ
√n
µ=70 , δ=10 , n=45

65−µ
p ( x <65 ¿= p ¿ ≤ δ ]
√n
65−70
p ( x <65 ¿= p [z ≤ 19 ]
√ 45
p ( x <65 ¿=¿ p [z ≤ -3.35]

From z-table

= 0.0004

C. The probability that 𝑋̅ will be greater than 72 but less than 75

 72−µ x−µ 75−µ
≤
P (72 ≤ 𝑋̅ ≤ 75) = P [ δ ≤ δ δ ]
√n √n √n
72−70 75−70
≤ ≤
P (72 ≤ 𝑋̅ ≤ 75) = P [ 10 z 10 ]
√ 45 √ 45
P (72 ≤ 𝑋̅ ≤ 75) = P [1.34 ≤ z ≤ 3.35]
P (72 ≤ 𝑋̅ ≤ 75) = ᴓ (3.35) - ᴓ (1, 34)
P (72 ≤ 𝑋̅ ≤ 75) = 0.9996 – 0.9098
From z- table
P (72 ≤ 𝑋̅ ≤ 75) = 0.0898

QUESTION NUMBER 6
Given:
N= 50
P =0.35
To find the nq and np
nq = n(1-p)
= 50 (1- 0.35)
= 50 (0.65)
= 32.5
np= 50(0.35)
= 17.5
To find the standard deviation

δ = √ np ( 1− p )

δ = √ 50 ( 0.35 ) (1−0.35)

δ= √ 11.375
δ = 3.37
To find mean
µ = np
µ = 50 (0.35)
µ = 17.5
Let x = the number of selected student is a girl
a. To find the probability that more than 27 will be girls
x−µ 27−17.5
P (x >27) = p ( > )
δ 3.37
9.5
= p (z > )
3.37
= p (z > 2.82)
From z-table
= 1- 0.9976
= 0.0024
Hence the required probability is 0.0024
b. To find the probability that more than 20 will not be girls
x−µ 20−17.5
P (x ≤ 20) = p ( > )
δ 3.37
2.5
= p (z > )
3.37
= p (z > 0.74)
From z-table
= 0.7704
Hence the required probability is 0.7704
c. To find the probability that more than 5 but less than 30 students will be girls
5−17.5 x−µ 30−17.5
P (5< x < 30) = p ( < < )
3.37 δ 3.37
−12.5 12.5
=p( <z< )
3.37 3.37
= p (-3.71 < z < 3.71)
= p (z<3.71) –p (z< - 3.71)
= 0.9999 – (1- 0.9999)
= 0.9999 – 0.0001
= 0.9998
Hence the required probability is 0.9998

QUESTION NUMBER 7

90 % confidence interval for difference between population means

x 1−x 2 = 65 – 55 = 10

Assume δ1 ≠ δ2

( x ¿1−x 2)−( µ1−µ 2)

Then we use t statistics = ¿
sp

Where sp =
√ ( n1−1 ) s 1∗s 1+ ( n 2−1 ) s 2∗s 2
n1+ n2−2

=
√ ( 19−1 ) 9∗9+ ( 25−1 ) 12
19+25−2
= √ 10.7143
= 3.2733
( 65−55 ) −(0)
t- Statistics =
3.2733
Confidence interval = ( x 1−x 2 ± t0.05 sp)
 = (10 ± 1.68 (3.2733))
= -4.5009, 15.4991
Assume δ1 = δ2
Then we use z- statistics
Z0.10 = 1.64
Confidence interval = ( x 1−x 2 ± Z0.10 sp)
= (10 ± 1.64 (3.2733))
= 4.6318, 15.3682

B.

150
P1= = 0.5
300
100
P2= = 0.25
400
Confidence interval for difference between population proportions

S1 =
√ 0.5(0.5)
300
=0.0289

S2 =
√ 0.2 5(0. 7 5)
4 00
= 0.0217
Standard error for difference =√ s 1+ s 2
= √ 0.0289∗0.0289+0.0217∗0.0217
= 0.0361
90 confidence interval for difference in population proportion = [(P1 – P2) ± Z S]
 Z value = 1.645

Confidence interval = [(0.5-0.25) ± 1.645 (0.0361)]

= (0.1906, 0.3094)

QUESTION NUMBER 8
Given:

Population mean ( µ¿=70

Standard deviation (s) = 5

Sample size (n) = 55

Sample mean ( x ¿=68

α = 0.05

a. Null and alternative hypothesis

Ho: µ=70
Ha: µ≠ 70
The significance level is α = 0.05 and critical value for a two tailed test is t = 2.005
Test statistics
x−µ
T=
s/√n
68−70
=
5/ √ 55
= -2.966
 p- Value is 0.0045 and since p = 0.0045 < 0.05, we therefore reject the null hypothesis.

Given:

Population mean ( µ¿=70

Standard deviation (s) = 7

Sample size (n) = 5

Sample mean ( x ¿=68

α = 0.05

a. Null and alternative hypothesis

Ho: µ=70
Ha: µ≠ 70
The significance level is α = 0.05 and critical value for a two tailed test is t = 2.005
Test statistics
x−µ
T=
s/√n
68−70
=
7/ √ 55
= -2.119
p- Value is 0.0387 and since p = 0.0387 < 0.05, we therefore reject the null hypothesis.
 QUESTION NUMBER 9

Ho; there is no difference in group A and group B average car time taken until broken
µ1 - µ2 = 0
Ha; there is a difference in group A and group B average car time taken until broken
µ1 - µ2 ≠ 0
Significance level α = 0.01
Test statistics
( x 1−x 2 )−0

√
Z= s 12 s 22
+
n1 n2
Calculations
x 1=12 ,n 1=42 , s 1=4
x 2=10 , n2=51 , s 2=6
(12−10 )−0

√
Z= 4∗4 6∗6
+
42 51
 2
Z=
√1.09
Z= 1.92
P-value = 0.055
As p- value is greater than 0.01 so we do not reject Ho and conclude that there is no difference in
group A and group B average car time taken until broken.

QUESTION NUMBER 10

Given:

Sample size:

n1 = 50

n2 =90

Number of success:

x1=23

x2 = 40

Hypothesis:
sample proportion:

Test Statistics:

Using Z table

P value =0.8593

P value >0.1 thus we fails to reject null hypothesis.

Hence the developer claim is true