ISSN XXXX XXXX © 2018 IJESC

Research Article Volume 8 Issue No.12

Design and Simulate HSRP Protocol Based Network on Packet Tracer

Parvesh Kumar Chaudhary1, Ravi Kumar2, Sumit Kaushik3
Senior Technical Officer1, Scientist2, Network Engineer3
ECIL Hyderabad, India1, CERT-In, Delhi, India2
Bharti Airtel Ltd., Gurgaon, India3

Abstract:
The aim of this paper is to explore a practical laboratory implementations in terms of structure, content and overall educational
effectiveness. HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol) is a redundancy protocol for setting up a fault-tolerant default gateway in a LAN
environment. This is a Cisco proprietary protocol, Furthermore; it aims to present the development of a virtual laboratory model that
addresses some of the limitations of current solutions through the provision of a high-realistic virtualization environment. With the
recent advancements of Internet protocol-based services, packet traffic is becoming the mainstream of data traffic. This has increased
the demand for transport network technology that can efficiently accommodate the large capacity of both packet-based and circuit-
based traffic while achieving high reliability, sufficient operation, and maintenance capability comparable to that of traditional
transport networks such as synchronous digital hierarchy or optical transport networks. In this paper also, a survey has been carried
out on previous work dealt with MPLS, SDN networks and different routing algorithms and simulation tools. Also research and
design of an OSPF routing based network on packet tracer has been implemented in which trace out packets flow through the routers.

Keywords: Multipath Label Switching (MPLS), Software Defined Network (SDN), Open System Interconnection (OSI), Routing
Protocols, Cisco Packet Tracer HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol.

I. INTRODUCTION routing protocols, the solution should be very carefully chosen in

order not to overload the low performance hardware. The
Hot Standby Routing Protocol or HSRP, is a Cisco proprietary dynamic routing protocols are divided in two distinct categories:
protocol that allows two or more routers to work together to interior routing protocols and exterior routing protocols.
represent a single IP address for a particular network. HSRP, as
well as Virtual Route Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) are II.LITERATURE SURVEY
considered high-availability network services that allow for Recent advancements in technology have led to increment in the
almost immediate fail over to a secondary interface when the networks using shortest path first algorithms (SPF). As a result,
primary interface becomes unavailable. Routing plays a vital network traffic gets unevenly distributed which leads to more
role in transfer of data from source to destination which takes congestion on some links in the network. So to deal with this
place in the network layer of OSI model. It is divided into two issue, SDN using dynamic routing were used. There are various
parts i.e. static routing and dynamic routing. In static routing, the pros and cons of decoupling control and data planes in a
transmission of data takes place manually whereas; in dynamic Software- Defined Network (SDN). After a failure, simultaneous
routing it is done using various routing protocols. In this paper, a recovery of all switch-controller communication paths (control
literature survey has been done which compared different paths) was not possible, and multiple recovery stages were
routing protocols and their advantages, such as Routing required. This in turn affected the data-path recovery
Information Protocol (RIP), Enhanced Interior gateway routing performance. Hence, an algorithm was proposed for recovery-
Protocol (EIGRP), Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and Rapid aware switch-controller assignment and routing (RASCAR),
Spanning Tree protocols. Furthermore, outlines of various which enabled fast data-path recovery after a set of failures (e.g.,
networks such as, MPLS, MPLS TP and SDN DWDM have also single point of failures and disasters). The problem was
been reviewed. At the time being the computer networks give us formulated as an Integer Linear Program (ILP) and an efficient
the possibility to communicate and interact in real time. Now we heuristic algorithm to solve large problem instances was
use the networks at maximum capacity in order to use a great proposed. The numerical studies showed that RASCAR
variety of applications as the ones following: web applications, significantly reduced the data-path restoration times after any
video conferences, e-commerce applications, IP protocol failure with a minor increase in resource consumption of control
telephones, conference calls, education process development, paths. Moreover; it was observed that RASCAR improved the
media access applications, online newspapers applications and performance by using less number of controllers [5].
so on[3]. Routing protocols should be very well planned and Furthermore, the success of novel multimedia services such as
dimensioned for each type of network. They are used according Video-on-Demand (VoD) was leading to a tremendous growth
to the choices of the network administrator. The advantage of the of Internet traffic. So an evaluation of energy-efficient VoD
routing protocols consists of the fact that they converge very content caching and distribution under static and dynamic traffic
quickly, even though the main route disappears, meaning that in converged networks as well as in non-converged networks
these protocols are auto adaptive [1]. In order to optimize the was performed. Also, an energy-efficient content caching and

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VoD-request routing heuristic algorithm was proposed. The represent a single IP address for a particular network. HSRP, as
results showed that deploying caches in the access and metro well as Virtual Route Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) are
network segments reduced the overall energy consumption of the considered high-availability network services that allow for
network. Moreover, results showed that the evolution towards a almost immediate fail over to a secondary interface when the
Fixed-Mobile Converged metro access network, where fixed and primary interface becomes unavailable. Routing protocols
mobile users can share caches, can reduce the energy consumed should be very well planned and dimensioned for each type of
for VoD content delivery. The results confirmed that the network. They are used according to the choices of the network
proposed strategy, both in static and dynamic traffic scenarios, administrator. The advantage of the routing protocols consists of
saved energy in comparison to the cases where all the caches are the fact that they converge very quickly, even though the main
always powered-on or all the contents were retrieved from a route disappears, meaning that these protocols are auto adaptive.
centralized video-server location[4]. In addition to this, a method Table 2 is showing types & quantities of devices requirement for
was proposed to enhance OSPF network system survivability to develop a network model. In this network we are considering
Link State Advertisement (LSA) falsification attacks by three routers with different area & hostname. Branch1 BR_R1
implementing redundant routing protocol architecture. The hostname has been assigned to router 1& ISP has been assigned
experimental results proved that protocol redundancy increased to the router 2 & BR_R2 is assigned Router 3. Branch 1 switch
the survivability of an OSPF network system, assuming the have one engineer with PC, Eng1 assigned assigned. Each
network topology was similar to that of the network system component of network requires 32-bit IP address so that it can
tested. The main motive of this proposal was to maintain host-to- communicate with other devices. In below table it has been
host connectivity in the presence of an OSPF LSA falsification assigned IP to each device.
attack [3]. A survey has also been done on the Design and
Implementation of a Stateful PCE-Based Unified Control and Table.2. Device Requirements
Management Framework for Carrier-Grade MPLS-TP Networks. Device Quantity Model
To validate the feasibility of the proposed framework, the author PC 1 Generic
implemented a test bed using a multi-protocol label switching Routers 3 Cisco 2620XM
transport profile (MPLS-TP) switches and performed Server 1 Cisco
experimental testing. The experimental results showed that the Switch 1 Cisco
centralized control framework reduced provisioning time by Cable-Serial DTE 2 Serial DTE
approximately 68 ms and the autonomous management Cable-Straight-through 2 Straight-through and
framework reduced fault recovery time by approximately 27 ms, and cross-over CAT 5e cross-over CAT 5e
while reducing the traffic load on the controller by several orders
of magnitude compared to the Open Flow approach [1]. Table .3. IP Table of our network
Furthermore, a comparative study was done on networking
simulation tools such as Packet Tracer and Graphical Network
Simulator (GNS3). The emerging technologies have increased
the demand of using Software Defined Networks (SDN) but on
the other side, there are many cons of these networks. It can be
vulnerable to dynamic change of flow control rules, which
causes transmission disruption and packet loss in SDN hardware
switches. In order to overcome this problem, a novel robust flow
control mechanism referred to as Priority-based Flow Control
(PFC) was proposed. It was proved by the results that PFC was
able to successfully prevent transmission disruption and packet
loss events caused by traffic path changes, thus offering dynamic
and lossless traffic control for SDN switches [7].
Table.1. Important Parameters Of Rip, Ospf, And Eigrp
Protocols
Protocol RIP OSPF EIGRP
Convergence Time Slow Fast Fast
VSLM No Yes Yes
Bandwidth Usage High Low Low
Resources Usage Low High Low
IV. CONFIGURATION OF COMPONENT
Multiple path Support No Yes yes
Scalability No Yes Yes Routing is used to trace the path for the network and in this
Patented No No Yes paper we implemented the virtual network model using Cisco
Non-IP Protocol No No Yes packet tracer. As per referring IP from Table3 it has been
configured to each device. basic STP and OSPF configuration
III. DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION before activating HSRP on the Branch routers. ISP, BR_R1,
BR_R2 have already been preconfigured with hostnames and IP
Hot Standby Routing Protocol or HSRP, is a Cisco proprietary addresses. The DNS/Web server has also been preconfigured.
protocol that allows two or more routers to work together to

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Configure BR_SW to support Rapid-PVST+ and Port Fast. This a default route to BR_R1 and BR_R2. Use the show ip route
will guarantee quicker failover of HSRP: command on BR_R1 and BR_R2 to verify that OSPF is
operating correctly.

Figure.1.Network model configuration diagram implemented

with Packet Tracer
Simulation software Task 2: Configure OSPF routing
Configure OSPF on ISP, BR_R1 and BR_R2. Assign all
interfaces to Area 0, except for Gi0/2 on ISP. ISP will advertise
a default route to BR_R1 and BR_R2.
Step 1. Enable OSPF on BR_R1
BR_R1(config)#router ospf 1
BR_R1(config-router)#network 192.168.100.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
BR_R1(config-router)#network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
BR_R1(config-router)#end
Step 2. Enable OSPF on BR_R2
BR_R2(config)#router ospf 1
BR_R2(config-router)#network 192.168.100.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
BR_R2(config-router)#network 10.1.1.4 0.0.0.3 area 0
BR_R2(config-router)#end

Step 3. Enable OSPF on ISP

ISP(config)#router ospf 1
ISP(config-router)#network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
ISP(config-router)#network 10.1.1.4 0.0.0.3 area 0
ISP(config-router)#default-information originate
ISP(config-router)#exit
ISP(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Gi0/2

Step 4. Verify routing

Use the show ip route command on BR_R1 and BR_R2 to verify
that OSPF is operating correctly. Both routers should be
receiving a default route (type O*E2) from ISP.
BR_R1#show ip route

Gateway of last resort is 10.1.1.1 to network 0.0.0.0

10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks
C 10.1.1.0/30 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1
L 10.1.1.2/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1
O 10.1.1.4/30 [110/2] via 192.168.100.3, 00:17:05,
GigabitEthernet0/0
[110/2] via 10.1.1.1, 00:17:05, GigabitEthernet0/1
192.168.100.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.100.0/24 is directly connected,
GigabitEthernet0/0
L 192.168.100.2/32 is directly connected,
GigabitEthernet0/0
Configure OSPF routing O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 10.1.1.1, 00:17:05,
Configure OSPF on ISP, BR_R1 and BR_R2. Assign all GigabitEthernet0/1
interfaces to Area 0, except for Gi0/2 on ISP. ISP will advertise

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 BR_R1#show standby
Configure HSRP group 1 on BR_R1 and BR_R2 using
192.168.100.1 as the standby virtual IP address. By default,
Packet Tracer supports HSRP version 2. BR_R1 will be
configured as the Active HSRP default-gateway and BR_R2 will
be configured as Standby.Preemption is configured on both
routers. OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a link state routing
protocol that is used to distribute information within a single
Autonomous System [5].

Figure.2.Step by Step description of each command

configured on routers

In above Figure 2 Shown configurations IP have been

configured on interface of routers. In Router R1interface
fastethernet 2/0, address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 configured, same
practice has been done at all interface of routers according to
assigned IPs.
Configure HSRP routing protocol
Task 3: Configure HSRP
Configure HSRP group 1 on BR_R1 and BR_R2 using
192.168.100.1 as the standby virtual IP address. By default,
Packet Tracer supports HSRP version 2. BR_R1 will be
configured as the Active HSRP default-gateway and BR_R2 will
be configured as Standby. Preemption is configured on both
routers.
Step 1. Enable HSRP on BR_R1
BR_R1(config)#interface gi0/0
BR_R1(config-if)#standby 1 ip 192.168.100.1
BR_R1(config-if)#standby 1 preempt
Step 2. Enable HSRP on BR_R2
BR_R2(config)#interface gi0/0
BR_R2(config-if)#standby 1 ip 192.168.100.1
BR_R2(config-if)#standby 1 priority 95
BR_R2(config-if)#standby 1 preempt

Step 3. Verify HSRP

After a few moments, use the show standby and show standby
brief commands on BR_R1 and BR_R2 to verify that HSRP is
operating correctly. BR_R1 should be the Active router and
BR_R2 should be Standby.

International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, December 2018 19603 http://ijesc.org/
 overlap. When you connect a new device, you would have to
select “manual” configuration option and enter in the IP address,
the subnet mask, the default gateway and the DNS server. In
above figure 4 we have assigned IP address to PC

V. PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS OF PROPOSED

Check connectivity between hosts, the ping command first sends

an echo request packet to an address, and then waits for a reply.
The ping is successful only if: the echo request gets to the
destination, and. the destination is able to get an echo reply back
to the source within a predetermined time called a timeout.
Simulation of topology also possible in packet tracer , It can be
simulate and analyzed send & receive packets from host even it
will show total travel time of packets from host to host.

Figure.6.Analyzed Simulation result on routing configured

on routers
In above figure 6 shown simulation and analyzed send & receive
packets even it will show total travel time of packets from host
to host.

VI. CONCLUSION
Figure.3.Step by Step description of each command Routing is used to trace the path for the network and in this
configured on routers paper we implemented the virtual network model using Cisco
packet tracer. There are different types of routing techniques but
Its principle is that each router determines the state of its due to the usage and area of necessity we use the required one.
connections (links) with the neighboring routers; it diffuses its The OSPF is used for the area where more routers are used and
information to all the routers belonging to the same zone. This also large network usage. It’s mainly use is that it has unlimited
information forms a database, which must be identical to all hop count and irrespective of other techniques, it uses a concept
routers in the same zone. Knowing that a stand-alone system of area to ease management and traffic control. The aim of this
(AS) consists of several zones, all of these databases represent paper is to explore a practical laboratory implementations in
the topology of the AS. Now enable IP routing by configuring terms of structure, content and overall educational effectiveness.
ospf routing protocol in all routers, it has to configure router id HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol) is a redundancy protocol
when we configure ospf. for setting up a fault-tolerant default gateway in a LAN
environment. This is a Cisco proprietary protocol, Furthermore;
it aims to present the development of a virtual laboratory model
that addresses some of the limitations of current solutions
through the provision of a high-realistic virtualization
environment. In future, the whole work will be extended to the
real devices with other security protocol implementation such as
routing security, encryption of the routing information, dynamic
Figure .4. Static IP assigned to the Eng PC NAT security and so one. We also wish to do this in IPv6
network.
Configure Ethernet interface on host PC and test HSRP
failover functionality VII. REFERENCES
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[3]. Robbins D. S., 2018, “Using Protocol Redundancy to

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[5]. Savas S. S. et al., 2018, “RASCAR: Recovery-Aware

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[6]. Liu Y. et al., 2018, “Design and Analysis of Probing Route

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