P6-Topic 1

Physics for Engineers (Lecture)
Unbalanced force is a resultant force that is not

TOPIC I : DYNAMICS OF MOTION equal to zero.
DYNAMICS MASS vs. WEIGHT

o is the study of the relationship between
force and motion. Mass (m) – amount of matter, which a certain
body, contains. It is a scalar quantity that remains
FORCE DEFINED constant wherever it is.
o A force is a push or a pull that one exerts on
another. It is something that can change the Weight (W) – is the force exerted on a body by the
state of motion of a body. earth due to gravity. It is always considered as
acting at the center of gravity of the body and, as a
The units to measure forces are the following: vector quantity, it is directed downward.
FRICTIONAL FORCE (F) AND NORMAL FORCE (N)

Whenever two surfaces (bodies) in contact move or
tend to move past each other, the two surfaces will
always exert two forces on each other. One is
always perpendicular to the surfaces in contact and
it gives its name Normal Force while the other is
always parallel to the surface in contact and always
opposite to the direction of motion or impending
The FOUR FUNDAMENTAL FORCES of nature are motion. This is called Frictional Force or simply
gravitational force, electromagnetic force, weak friction.
nuclear force and strong nuclear force.
Two general types of Frictional Force:
o Gravitational force is the attractive force
exerted by objects with mass. a. Static friction (fs) – frictional force generated
o Electromagnetic force is the force that when one surface starts to slide across a surface
holds atoms and molecules together. (acts when motion is just impending, no actual
o Weak nuclear force plays a role in the motion yet).
radioactive decay of nuclei.
o Strong nuclear force is the force between b. Kinetic friction (fk) – Frictional force acting when
protons and neutrons in a nucleus. the body is in motion
CONTACT and NONCONTACT FORCE • For the same two surfaces in contact, the sliding
friction is always less than the static friction.
Contact Force
 is the force between two bodies that are in The ratio of frictional force to the normal force is
direct contact. Noncontact force (action-at- always constant. This constant is called the
a-distance force) coefficient of friction (μ). The value of this constant
o is the force that acts even if the is always between 0 and 1 except in idealized cases
interacting bodies are separated by wherein the surfaces are assumed to be smooth
a distance. wherein μ = 0.
Net force of resultant force is the vector sum of all Relation between Frictional Force and Normal
the forces acting on a body. Force: f = μN
where μ is the coefficient of friction. NATURE OF FORCE
TENSION (T) A force is a push or pull upon an object resulting

A pulling force exerted on an object by a rope, from the object's interaction with another object.
cord, etc.
Forces only exist as a result of an interaction.
FREE-BODY DIAGRAM
- idealized model of the system Force is never alone. It always comes in pairs
- shows all the forces that act on the body or ( interaction).
system - includes only the forces that act on the
body, not the forces exerted by the body on other Force is a vector quantity.
bodies
Its magnitude describes the strength of the force
• General Steps: and the direction indicates where it is going.
a. Sketch a space diagram and identify the forces
acting on each body of the system. Its magnitude is measured in newton, N, for the SI-
b. Isolate the body for which the free-body diagram mks unit, dyne in cgs unit and pound, lb, in English
is to be constructed. Draw a set of Cartesian axes unit.
with the origin at a point through which the forces
act and with one of axes along the direction of the Its magnitude is measured in newton, N, for the SI-
body’s acceleration. mks unit, dyne in cgs unit and pound, lb, in English
c. Draw properly oriente4d forces vectors on the unit.
diagram emanating from the origin of the axes.
d. Resolve any forces that are not directed along
the x and y axes into x and y components.
DYNAMICS OF CIRCULAR MOTION
Law of Acceleration
For a body to accelerate, a net force is needed!
greater net force = greater acceleration

direction of net force = direction of acceleration
CLASSES OF FORCE
Contact Forces – the interacting objects must be in

contact with each other.
forces: a
1ST LAW OF MOTION, LAW OF INERTIA

An object that is at rest remains at rest ( static
equilibrium ) and an object moving with constant
velocity continues to move with constant velocity
(dynamic equilibrium) when the total force ( or the
resultant force ) that is acting on it is zero!
Free-Body Diagram (FBD)

a drawing of all the forces acting on an object;
object is represented as a particle (“particle
model”)
2ND LAW OF MOTION, LAW OF ACCELAERATION

When the total force acting on an object is not
zero, this causes the object to accelerate. The
magnitude of the net force Is directly proportional
to the object’s acceleration. The direction of the
net force is the same with the direction of the
object’s acceleration. The mass of the object is
inversely proportional to its acceleration.
Any number of forces F1 ,F2 ,... Fn that act at the
same time at a point A of a body , the effect on the
body's motion is the same as if a single force R
were acting equal to the vector sum of the original
3RD LAW OF MOTION, LAW OF INTERACTION
when an object receives a force ( the action force )
from a second object, the second object also exerts
a force ( the reaction force )on the first object, of
equal magnitude but towards the opposite
direction.

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Physics for Engineers (Lecture)

Unbalanced force is a resultant force that is not

DYNAMICS MASS vs. WEIGHT

FRICTIONAL FORCE (F) AND NORMAL FORCE (N)

where μ is the coefficient of friction. NATURE OF FORCE

TENSION (T) A force is a push or pull upon an object resulting

DYNAMICS OF CIRCULAR MOTION

greater net force = greater acceleration

Contact Forces – the interacting objects must be in

1ST LAW OF MOTION, LAW OF INERTIA

Free-Body Diagram (FBD)

2ND LAW OF MOTION, LAW OF ACCELAERATION

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