Cakes and Icings
Cakes and Icings
Cakes and Icings
– Unknown
1. Define cakes;
2. Enumerate the different types of cakes;
3. Apply proper mixing techniques used in cake and cake specialties;
4. Define and enumerate the different kinds of frosting and icings;
5. Frost cake with single- or double-layer cake.
Let’s Begin!
Activity I.
Direction: Answer the following question.
1. In your own idea, what are the characteristics of an ideal cake?
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A cake is always a special treat whether there is a celebration or not. Cake ranges from simple, una-
dorned loaves of elegant creations made from layers of feather-light cake filled and frosted with a variety of
sweet things. You can use a lot of imagination to decorate the cake. An important thing to know in cake
making is that once you have learned how to make the basic cake types then you can create your own
cakes by simply varying the frosting, and flavoring as well as presentation.
a. Shortened cakes. These contain shortening (butter, margarine or oil) in their batter. Examples of
this type of cake are: butter cake, pound cake, banana cake.
b. Unshortened cakes. These do not contain shortening in their batter. Included here are angel food
cakes and sponge-type cakes.
In angel food cakes, the egg whites are beaten with part of the sugar. The remaining sugar is sifted
with the flour and dry ingredients and folded into the meringue.
In sponge type cakes, the eggs are used whole or separated. The sugar and egg whites may be beat-
en together or the yolk and sugar may be whipped together then added to the beaten egg whites. Egg
whites are beaten sufficiently before folding the mixture.
c. Chiffon-type cakes. These are combination of shortened and unshortened batter. The short-
ened portion contains the oil, yolks and to improve their eye appeal or attractiveness
A balanced proportion of the cake ingredients will help you attain a perfect product. just follow the recipes:
a. Flour. Cakes can be made from all purpose flour, but cake flour makes a lighter cake. Flour makes
up the basic structure of the cake, therefore, if you are using all purpose flour, do not over beat the
batter so that the gluten will not develop and your cake will not become tough.
b. Sugar. Refined, brown, or confectioner' 3 sugar, honey, mollases, and Syrup are used depending
on recipe requirements. Sugar is important cause it sweetens the cake, makes it tender, gives a
darker color to the cake crust, and helps retain the moisture in the cake.
c. Shortening. Butter, margarine or vegetable oil may be used as shortening. It is important because it
makes the cake tender, and helps retain the moisture in the cake.
d. Eggs. Fresh eggs give the best result in baking. In cake making, fresh egg gives volume to the
cake through the entrapped air during whipping, give a rich flavor and color, and make the cake
tender.
e. Liquid. This may be water, milk or fruit juice. It serves as medium for dissolving solid ingredients
like sugar and salt, gives moisture and flavor ,develops the protein in flour, thus helping give structure
to the cake.
f. Leavener. This gives the proper volume to the cake. Most commonly used chemical leaveners in
cakes are baking powder and baking soda.
a. Creaming. Shortening and sugar are creamed together to certain degree of lightness or fluffiness. Eggs are then gradu-
ally added while creaming continuously. The flour and liquid are added alternately, beginning and ending with flour.
b. Blending. Flour and shortening are placed in the mixing bowl and blended together until the flour is coated by the
shortening. Dry ingredients and a portion of the liquid are added and mixed. The remaining liquid 15 added and mixed.
c. Single stage method. All ingredients are placed in the mixing bowl. Mixing is done until the batter is well mixed and
smooth.
a. Before you start mixing cake. pre-heat the oven to the correct temperature.
d. When using melted chocolate, be sure to cool it before adding to the batter as warm chocolate will
start cooking the eggs in the batter.
e. In making meringue cakes, make sure that not even a drop of oil gets into the egg whites. Clean
the mixing bowl and beater very well before Whipping. Any trace of oil or egg yolk (which contains oil)
will prevent the whites from being whipped successfully.
f. Do not over beat cake batter after the flour has been added. Too much gluten will develop and
toughen the cake.
g. The freshest eggs give the most volume and this is especially important for sponge cakes, angel
food cakes and sponge cakes.
h. Sifted flour or dry ingredients have more incorporated air so the resulting cake is lighter.
i. In adding the dry ingredients and liquid to the creamed mixture, be sure to start and end with a dry
ingredient. You can divide the dry ingredients into 3 to 4 portions.
j. Place baking pans at the center of the oven for an even baking.
k. Do not open oven door at least 15 minutes after placing pan in it.
l. The cake is done or baked if you insert a tester at the center of the cake and it turns out clean, or
you can press gently with your forefinger the top of the cake. If the cake springs back, or no deep
impression is left, the cake is done.
B. Begin to hold shape– fine air bubbles develop close to each others.
C. Soft peak– whites will stand in peaks but will bend over.
E. Stiff but not dry– stand in stiff sharply, pointed peaks; uniform white color and shiny.
F. Stiff and dry– stand in stiff, sharp peaks and not shiny; speckled with white spots.
-uniform color;
-unless the type of cake calls for a dominant flavor, the flavor should be balance with no foreign or
off-flavors.
Icings
Icings are sweet mixtures used to fill and cover cakes and decorate pastries and even cookies. They
may be made of a balanced combination of any of the following: refined sugar, confectioner’s (icing) sugar,
butter, margarine, eggs, flavor and color. Other ingredients such as chopped fruits, grated rind, nuts and the
like are folded into the icing to produce a certain flavor and texture.
Frosting Cake
-it gives the cake that extra special complementary or contrasting flavor; and
a. Royal icing. This is prepared by beating egg whites with a high proportion of icing sugar. This type
of icing becomes hard as it sets. A sweetness of the sugar. Royal icing is used in decorating cake-
shaped Styrofoam for display in bakeshop windows. It last for as long as three months. It is also used
in flower and motif preparations.
b. Meringue icing. This is prepared by whipping egg whites until stiff enough to hold a peak Hot syrup
is slowly poured in a continuous stream. The icing stands in stiff peaks by continuous beating.
c. Sweetened whipped cream. Chilled whipping cream is whipped in a cold bowl until it forms soft
peaks. Sifted icing sugar is added while whipping. Once made, the icing is immediately used. The
frosted cake is place in a refrigerator or cold storage.
d. Butter icing. This is prepared by creaming butter with sugar or syrup until the mixture is smooth. In
some cases, chilled milk, water, egg yolks, or fruit Juice is beaten into the creamed mixture.
e. Butter cream frosting. This is a combination of meringue and butter icing. Spoonful's of meringue
icing are folded into the butter icing.
The following are the basic steps in frosting a cake. With a lot 0t practice, you can create different de-
signs and motifs. For your own purpose. we will only used simple decorative borders. The art of flower and
décor making is a by itself in baking.
a. For a single-layer cake. Invert it on a cake plate or wax paper covered cardboard. Brush off
crumbs.
b. For a double-layer cake. Place the first layer on a cake plate, top side down. With a spatula, spread
the prepared filling or part of the icing on the bottom side of the first cake. Carefully place the second layer,
top side up on the filling. Make sure the two layers are in line with one another.
To frost a cake, brush off crumbs from the sides of the cake. Invert on plate, top side down If there are
two layers, spread the filling. Place the second layer top-side up, making sure that the two layers coincide.
Then, spread a layer on top of the cake using a spatula. Frost sides of cake. Leave some icing for borders.
Place icing in a piping bag or cake decorator’s tube with the desired tip. Pipe icing around the borders of
cake.
D. Invert top side of cake on cake plate, so that the bottom part is the one that is frosted.
E. If there is only one piece to be frosted, the cake may be sliced through the middle horizontally to
produce 2 layers.
F. A lazy Susan is very convenient to use when frosting. Rotate it as you frost the cake.
G. When making meringue, make sure the egg whites are free from yolk. Presence of yolk will not
give full volume.
H. Sift sugar to free it from lumps before adding to the butter or meringue.
I. In mixing whipped cream, be sure that the cream, beater and mixing bowls are chilled or cold. This
will produce the desired volume.
Ingredients:
4 eggs
Procedure:
1. Preheat oven to 350ºF. Grease and line a 13x9x12-inch rectangular pan. Set aside.
2. Dissolve cocoa powder and coffee in hot water. Add evaporated milk then set aside. Combine flour,
baking powder and baking soda. Set aside.
3. In a bowl, cream butter and sugar together until light and fluffy. Add eggs, on at a time, beating well
after each addition. Stir in vanilla. Add the flour and liquid ingredients alternately into the creamed
mixture. Pour into prepared pan and baked for 45 minutes or until done.
4. Prepare frosting by combining all the ingredients in a sauce pan or double boiler. Cook until thick
while stirring constantly. Frost the top and sides of cake.
Ingredients:
Cake
2 tsp vanilla
Procedure:
1. Preheat oven to 350°F. Grease and line a 13x9x2-inch rectangular pan. Set aside.
2. Sift together the first 4 ingredients. In a bowl, combine the oil and sugar. Add eggs, one at a time,
beating well after each addition. Stir in the vanilla. Add the dry ingredients then the carrots and pine
apple. Mix until well blended. Pour into the prepared pan and bake for 35 minutes or until done.
3. Prepared Cream Cheese Frosting: In a bowl, beat cream cheese and butter until smooth and fluffy.
Add the sugar and vanilla and continue beating until 0f Spreading consistency. Frost the top and sides
of cake With frosting. Sprinkle with nuts. Chill before serving.
Ingredients:
Caramel: Cake:
3 1/4 cupcake: flour 3 1/4 cupcake flour
1 cup sugar 1 tbsp. baking powder
1 cup sweetened macapuno 1/4 tsp salt
Custard: 3/4 cup sugar 1 1/4 cup egg whites
1 big can evaporated milk 1/2 cup oil 1/2 tsp cream of tartar
8 egg yolks 6 egg yolk 3/4 cup sugar
1 can condensed milk 3/4 cup water
2. Caramelized sugar in two 9-inch square pan. Arrange sweetened macapuno over it. Set aside.
3. Combine the ingredients for the custard in a bowl and stir to blend. Divide the mixture into two then
pour into pans while passing through a strainer. Set aside.
4. Prepare Cake: Sift together the flour, baking powder, salt and sugar. Make a well at the center then
add the oil, egg yolks and water. Mix With a wire whisk until smooth. In a separate bowl, beat egg
whites and cream of tartar until soft peaks form. Add sugar gradually and continue beating until stiff.
Fold into egg yolk mixture. Divide batter into two then pour over custard. Do not stir. Place each
baking pan in a larger pan half-filled with water. Bake for about 1 hour or until done. Invert on a
serving platter.
Ingredients:
1 cup milk
Procedure:
2. Sift together flour, baking powder, salt and sugar. Put the flour mixture in a mixing bowl.
3. Make a well, and then add oil, egg yolks, milk, and vanilla.
5. To prevent over mixing, pass through a sieve to ensure that the mixture is lump free.
6. In a separate bowl, beat egg whites and a cream of tartar until soft peaks. Fold into the batter
mixture.
7. Pour into prepared pan and bake for 30 to 40 minutes or until done.
Ingredients:
Procedure:
2. Melt butter in a 3x9x2-inch rectangular pan or 10-inch round pan. Oven this, sprinkle the sugar
then arrange the pineapple slices and maraschino cherries. Set aside.
3. sift flour, baking powder and salt. Set aside. Beat egg yolks with cold water and vanilla until thick.
Gradually add sugar and beat until lemon-colored. In a separate bowl, beat egg whites until soft peaks
form. Add sugar and continue beating until stiff. Fold egg yolks alternately with flour mixture into
beaten egg whites. Pour into prepared pan. Beat for 20-25 minutes. Invert on serving platter.
Angel Cake
Ingredients:
Procedure:
1. preheat oven to 350°F. Line the base of a 10-inch tube pan with baking paper. Set aside. In a bowl,
combine cake flour and the 1/4 cup caster sugar. Set aside.
2. Pour egg whites into the mixing bowl of an electric mixer and add salt and cream of tartar. Beat a
medium speed until frothy. Gradually add 1 cup of caster sugar while continuing to beat egg whites a
medium speed.
3. After adding all the sugar, continue to beat egg whites at high speed until egg whites are stiff but
4. Using a rubber scraper, carefully fold vanilla and flour mixture into the beaten beat whites in four
portions.
5. Transfer the folded cake batter to the prepared pan. Bake for 30 minutes or until a cake tester.
Allow to rack in an up-side down position cool completely on a wire rack in an upside down position
before removing cake from pan.
Ingredients:
Procedure:
1. Sift together flour, baking powder, baking soda, salt, sugar and cocoa.
2. Repeat sifting if necessary. Put flour mixture in mixing bowl. Make a well then add in order oil,
yolks, water and vanilla.
3. Blend with spoon until smooth; sugar is dissolved and batter is free from lump.
4. To prevent over mixing, pass through a sieve to ensure mixture is lump free. Set aside.
5. Gradually add sugar and heat until soft peaks are formed. Peaks should be wet, not dry.
6. Pour batter in thin streams over entire surface of egg whites, gradually fold in until properly
blended.
7. Pour into ungreased paper lined round pan 2 1/2 x 10 baking pan. If rectangle pan are used, invert
immediately on cake rack.
Ingredients:
Procedure:
1. Preheat oven to 350°F. Grease and line an 11x15 inch jelly roll pan. Set aside.
3. Make a well at the center and add egg yolks, water, vanilla and oil.
4. In a separate bowl, beat egg whites and cream of tartar until soft peaks from.
5. Gradually add the sugar and continue beating until stiff. Fold into egg yolks mixture.
7. Prepare sheet of brown paper and roll tightly while hot. Cool completely.
3. Gradually add creamed mixture while beating continuously until smooth and of spreading
consistency.
Swiss Roll
Ingredients:
1. Preheat oven to very hot (220°C). Place egg whites in a clean , dry bowl. Beat until stiff peaks form.
Gradually add sugar and beat until thick and glossy.
2. Add egg yolks one at a time, beating well after each addition. Lightly fold in flour with milk until
combined.
3. Pour into a greased and lined Swiss roll tin. Bake for 8-10 minutes.
4. . Tum out onto greaseproof paper which has been sprinkled with extra caster sugar. Trim all edges.
Roll up immediately, taking paper with cake. Allow to cool in wire rock.
5. When cool unroll cake. Spread jam, followed by cream. Re-roll without paper. Serve slice with extra
cream.
Royal Icing
Ingredients:
Procedure:
1. Place all ingredients in an electric mixer bowl and beat at low speed.
2. When well blended increase speed to high and beat for 10 minutes.
4. To make roses, drop flowers and lilies, add 1 to2 tablespoon of confectioners’ sugar for every cup
of royal icing.
Fondant Icing
Ingredients:
2. Sift then measure 8 cups of the powdered sugar, add 1/2 pack of gummix then mix till well
combined .
3. Divide the powder mixture into 2 and set aside half for adding.
4. Working with the other half, make a well at the center and pour the liquid mixture. Mix by using a
wooden spoon. Knead slowly by adding half of the powder mixture.
6. If no longer sticking on the rolling pin or on the surface of the kneading table, dust it with little corn
starch then shape by means of a rolling pin.
7. Put the fondant icing on the center top of the cake then remove excess parts.
Rolled Fondant
Ingredients:
1 tablespoon glycerin
2 tablespoons shortening
Procedure:
1. Combine gelatin and cold water; let stand until thick. Place gelatin mixture in top of double boiler
and heat until dissolved.
2. Add glucose and glycerin, mix well. Stir in shortening and just before completely melted, remove
from heat and stir in vanilla. Mixture should cool until lukewarm.
3. Place 4 cups confectioners’ in a large bowl. Make a well in the center and using a wooden spoon,
stir in the lukewarm gelatin mixture. Mix in sugar and add more a little at a time, until stickiness
disappears. Knead in remaining sugar. Knead until the fondant is smooth, pliable and does not stick
to your hands. If fondant 18 too soft, add more sugar. if too stiff, add water (a drop at a tune). Use
fondant immediately or store in airtight container in fridge. When ready to use, bring room temperature
Ingredients:
1 cup water
3 cups sugar
Procedure:
1. Combine water, sugar and cream of tartar in casserole and bring to bowl.
2. When boiling reaches up to 15 minutes, start beginning egg whites and continue beating for
1 minute at high speed.
Chocolate Fudge
Ingredients:
2 tbsps. Butter
Procedure:
Ingredients:
Procedure:
2. In a separate bowl beat egg whites then add the white sugar gradually.
3. Add the softened butter and shortening, beat until it reaches spreading constantly.
Ingredients:
1 cup milk
1 tbsp. flour
Procedure:
1. In a saucepan, put granulated sugar. Without any addition of water, put over fire, staring constantly
until brown
Chocolate Frosting
Ingredients:
Procedure:
3. Add butter
Jelly Lettering
Ingredients:
Procedure:
1. Combine all the ingredients then bring to boil while stirring constantly.
2. Remove from heat then pour into a pastry bag with tube.
Outside Appearance
Poor volume Improper baking temperature; poor quality eggs; insufficient beating
of eggs; over folding; too high or too low temperature of egg while
beating; wrong sized of pan; under baked.
Sunken Not inverting pan to cool cake; removing from pan before it is cool;
under baked.
Inside Appearance
Uneven grain Over folding flour With egg and sugar; under beaten egg whites and
yolks (sponge) or egg whites (chiffon); improper storage after baking.
Texture
Solid Too much flour or liquid; insufficient beating of egg (sponge) or egg
whites (chiffon).
Tough Over mixed; not enough sugar; over baked.
Directions: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter which corresponds to the correct an-
swer.
6. This is prepared by creaming butter with sugar or syrup until the mixture is smooth.
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