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Digital Image Processing - Color Image Processing

The document discusses various color models used in computer applications and their purposes. It explains that the RGB color model represents colors using red, green, and blue color components and is widely used in displays, cameras, and other hardware devices. Other color models discussed include HSV (hue, saturation, value) which is more cognitively appropriate for humans, Y'CbCr used for image compression, and CMYK used for printers. Conversion between the different color models is also covered.

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Long Đặng Hoàng
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42 views

Digital Image Processing - Color Image Processing

The document discusses various color models used in computer applications and their purposes. It explains that the RGB color model represents colors using red, green, and blue color components and is widely used in displays, cameras, and other hardware devices. Other color models discussed include HSV (hue, saturation, value) which is more cognitively appropriate for humans, Y'CbCr used for image compression, and CMYK used for printers. Conversion between the different color models is also covered.

Uploaded by

Long Đặng Hoàng
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Le Thanh Ha, Dr.

Laboratory of
Human Machine Interface
Color model is a mathematical tools describing color by numbers.
A color model is a specification of a coordinate system where each
color is represented by a single point.
Each color model is used for different purpose.
For example:
RGB: used for display and acquaring hardware devices
HSV: human cognitive.
Y’CbCr: image compression.
CMYK: printers.

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Based on 3D-Cartersien coordinate system in which each axis
corresponds to a color component (Red, Green, Blue).
The origin (0,0,0) presents Black color
Point (1,1,1) presents White color
Point in each axis present a single color component.

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R, G, B are valued from 0 to 1
Red+Blue -> Magenta (1, 0, 1)
The diagonal from (0, 0, 0) to (1, 1, 1) presents gray color.

Comments:
This color model cannot present all color in visible spectrum, but is enough for
compter applications.
TV, Computer display, and camera are using this color model.
Most widely used.

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For a computer display: color is a combination of color component
radiated from phosphor.
For paper: color is reflected from the materials printed on the paper.
Black ink absorb all lights coming to it.

→CMYK is subtractive of RGB

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CMY uses primary colors Cyan, Magenta, and Yellow (as for color printer). They are
subtractive of RGB.
K = Key (black color):
Mixing primary is not always perfect.
Use black color instead of mixing all expensive primary color to produce cheaper one.

Yellow Green Cyan Blue


Red Magenta
White
Black
Magenta Cyan Green Red

Blue Yellow

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RGB -> CMY
void RGB2CMY(float R,float G,float B,float &C,float &M,float &Y)
{
C = 1 - R;
M = 1 - G;
Y = 1 - B;
}

RGB -> CMYK


void RGB2CMYK(float R,float G,float B,float &C,float &M,float &Y,float &K)
{
RGB2CMY(R, G, B, C, M, Y);
K = min3(C, M, Y);
C = C - K;
M = M - K;
Y = Y - K;
}

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Instead of using R, G, B primary color components, this color model use Hue,
Saturation and Value (HSV)
RGB and HSV comparison:
RGB color space is a cube
HSV color space is a cone

Red

Magenta
Yellow

White
Green Blue

Cyan
RGB

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Hue: wavelength of color
Is presented by an angle from 00 to 3600

Value: value of brightness


Ranging in [0, 1]
V=0 -> black color.

Saturation: purity of color


Ranging in [0, 1]

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Y’CbCr is used for image compression.
Y’ – luminance
Cb - Blue-Y
Cr - Red-Y
RGB to Y’CbCr conversion
Y’ = 0.299R + 0.587G + 0.114B
Cb = -0.147R - 0.289G + 0.436B
Cr = 0.615R - 0.515G - 0.1B

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Color compliment

Color slicing

Color correction

Color image segmentation

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Like negative operator in gray-scale images
Enhancing detail embedded in dark regions.

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Highlighting a specific range of color in an image (object
extraction)
Extending the intensity slicing in gray-scale case

  W
0.5 if  rij − a j  
si =   2  any 1 j 3
 r otherwise
 i

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Have wide variety of real-life applications related with the
human activity
A very simple and fast method may look like this:

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