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Digital Image Processing - Fundamental

The document discusses fundamental concepts of digital images, including image acquisition, presentation, displays, sampling and quantization, and interpolation. It describes how imaging sensors work to capture light information, and how color images are acquired. The processes of sampling, quantization, and presenting digital images as matrices are explained. Spatial and intensity resolution are covered, along with common methods for image interpolation like nearest neighbor, bilinear, and bicubic interpolation.

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Long Đặng Hoàng
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41 views21 pages

Digital Image Processing - Fundamental

The document discusses fundamental concepts of digital images, including image acquisition, presentation, displays, sampling and quantization, and interpolation. It describes how imaging sensors work to capture light information, and how color images are acquired. The processes of sampling, quantization, and presenting digital images as matrices are explained. Spatial and intensity resolution are covered, along with common methods for image interpolation like nearest neighbor, bilinear, and bicubic interpolation.

Uploaded by

Long Đặng Hoàng
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fundamental of Digital Images

Le Thanh Ha, Ph.D


Assoc. Prof. at University of Engineering and Technology,
Vietnam National University
[email protected]; [email protected]; 0983 692 592
Content
2. Fundamental of Digital Images
- Image Acquisition
- Image presentation
- Displays
- Sampling and Quantization
- Image Interpolation

9/15/2022 Le Thanh Ha, Dr., Lab. of HMI 2


Light and Electromagnetic Spectrum

9/15/2022 Le Thanh Ha, Lab of HMI 3


Image Acquisition
• Single imaging sensor:
– A photodiode
– Silicon material
– Output voltage is
proportional to light
• Line sensor
• Array sensor
Image Acquisition
Color Image Acquisition

9/15/2022 Le Thanh Ha, Lab of HMI 6


Image Acquisition
• Modern cameras

9/15/2022 Le Thanh Ha, Lab of HMI 7


Image Sampling & Quantization
• Generating a digital
image:
– Scanning from A to B in
the continuous image
illustrating sampling
and quantization
Image Sampling & Quantization
Image Presentation
• The result of sampling and quantization is a matrix of real
numbers.

9/15/2022 Le Thanh Ha, Lab of HMI 10


Image Sampling & Quantization
Spatial Resolution
• Dots per inch (dpi) used for printer
– Newspapers: 75 dpi
– Magazines: 133 dpi
– High quality book: 2400 dpi

• Image size used for image comparison


– 640x480
– 1024x768
– 10-megapixel
– 20-megapixel

9/15/2022 Le Thanh Ha, Lab of HMI 12


Spatial Resolution
Intensity Resolution
• The number of bits used to quantize intensity:
– 1 bits: binary image
– 8 bits: 256 colors
– 24 bits: 8 bits for each color channels

9/15/2022 Le Thanh Ha, Lab of HMI 14


Intensity Resolution

9/15/2022 Le Thanh Ha, Lab of HMI 15


Image Interpolation
• Needed for some applications:
– Resize
– Rotation
– Geometric correction
–…

• Basically, Image interpolation is the resampling operator.

9/15/2022 Le Thanh Ha, Lab of HMI 16


Image Interpolation
• Interpolation is the process of estimating the value at unknown
locations from known data.
– Nearest Neighbor
– Bilinear
– Bicubic
– Mean Square Minimization
–…

9/15/2022 Le Thanh Ha, Lab of HMI 17


Image Interpolation
• Nearest Neighbor:
– The missing value of pixel are copied from the nearest pixel value.
– Simpleast interpolation method
– Produce undesirable distortion

9/15/2022 Le Thanh Ha, Lab of HMI 18


Image Interpolation
• Bilinear Interpolation
– Use four neighbor pixels
to compute the
weighted average of the
estimated pixel

9/15/2022 Le Thanh Ha, Lab of HMI 19


Image Interpolation
• Bicubic interpolation
– It is better than nearest neighbor and bilinear
interpolation in forms of producing less blurring
edges. But it needs more computation.

9/15/2022 Le Thanh Ha, Lab of HMI 20


Image Interpolation

9/15/2022 Le Thanh Ha, Lab of HMI 21

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