4.

2 DESIGN CRITERIA
Table 4.1 The design criteria for housing development
Type of Development Residential Development
Minor System ARI 10 year
Major System ARI 100 year
Rainfall Intensity - Table 13 A for Kuala Lumpur, MSMAM Volume 4
- Table 13 B1, Temporal Pattern for East Coast of
Peninsular Malaysia, MSMAM Volume 4
Runoff Estimate Section 14, MSMAM Volume 5

4.3 DESIGN DATA

1. Manning Roughness, n

Table 4.2 Table of Manning’s Roughness Coefficient (n) for Open Drains and Pipes
2. Runoff Coefficient, C

Table 4.3 Recommended Runoff Coefficients for Various Landuses

3. Average Rainfall Intensity, i

Table 4.4 Fitting Constant for the IDF Empirical Equation for the Different Locations
in Malaysia for High ARIs between 2 and 100 Year and Storm Durations from 5
Minutes to 72 Hours

4.4 TYPES OF FLOW

4.5 DRAIN SIZE CRITERIA

4.6 STEP FOR DRAINAGE DESIGN CALCULATION

4.7 DRAINAGE DESIGN CALCULATION

Figure 4.4 Sub-catchment Layout

4.7.1 SUB-CATCHMENT 1

REFERENCE CALCULATION OUTPUT

Delineate the catchments
The sub-catchments are delineated as shown in Figure 4.4
Sub-catchment Layout Plan.

Calculate the catchment area. 8.59 ha

The area of catchment 1 is 85867.45 m².
The catchment in hectare is 8.5867 ha.

Table 2.5 Calculate Cavg values 0.77

The C value for catchment area are

No Land use Runoff Area Cavg

Coefficient (ha)
(C)
1. Business 0.90 0.57 0.06
Centres
2. Terrace House 0.80 5.49 0.51
3. Road 0.95 0.77 0.09
4. Grass Cover 0.40 1.25 0.06
5. STP & TNB 0.65 0.51 0.05
TOTAL 8.59 0.77

Determine overland sheet flow path length, Lo for the

flow paths in catchment area to calculate the time of
concentration of sub-catchment 1.

Lo for sub-catchment 1 =500.23m

Determine slope of overland surface in percent (%)

S = [(58-55.36) / 500.23] x 100%
= 0.52%
Calculate to. Use the Horton’s n* Value (Use n*=0.015
paved from Figure 8.6)

Determine the time of concentration, tc

to = 14.52 min, Lo = 500.23m
Length of channel(drain), Ld = 1078.96 m
Average velocity in the open drained should be assessed
using Manning’s
equation.
Assume V= 1.0 m/s
 m
Then 𝑡𝑑= L/V =
m/s
❑
= 1078.96 sec x 60 sec
= 17.98 min
Time of concentration, tc = t0 + td

Therefore, the total, tc = d = 14.52 minutes + 17.89 minutes =

32.41 minutes
≈ 40 minutes

Equation Determine the rainfall intensity, i

2.2

Where,
i = Average Rainfall Intensity (mm/hr)
T = Average recurrence interval – ARI (0.5<T<12 month and
Table 1.1 2<T<100 year)
d = Storm duration (hours), 0.0833<d<72
K, ϴ, Ƞ = fitting constant dependent on the rain gauge
location (Figure 8.3)

Storm Derived Parameters

Location & Station ARI, T
duration
ID (years) 𝜆 K Ө Ƞ
d
Sungai Lembing 5 45.999 0.21 0.074 0.590
PCC Mill 0
(3930012)

(45.999)(5)0.210
i= 0.590
(( ❑ )+0.074)
60
=

Equation Determine the peak discharge, Q5

2.3

Where: Q = Peak flow (𝑚3/s)

C = Runoff coefficient
I = Average rainfall intensity (mm/hr)
A = Drainage area (ha)

(0.77)()(8.59)
Q5 =
360
= m /s
3

Design for the minor drain

Table 2.3
Manning’s n for concrete lining (paved); n = 0.015 (smooth
concrete finish)

Assume,
S= 0.0015 (0.15%)
Width, B = 0.9m
Side slope, Z = 0m

Q = AV

Where;
A = (B+ZD)D 0.9D
P = B+2D
R = A/P

D A P R V
(m) (m2) (m) (m) (m/s) Q (m3/s)
0.6 0.54 2.10 0.26 1.70 0.921 (>Q5= m3/s)
0.7 0.63 2.30 0.27 1.78 1.120
0.8 0.72 2.50 0.29 1.84 1.324 50mm
Section 0.9 0.81 2.70 0.30 1.89 1.531
14.2.4.2
0.85m
Allowing a minimum freeboard

Hence, required depth, Dminimum

0.90m
Provided dimension of lined drain (Refer to concrete 0.0 m
manufacturers): m/s
m3/s
Width, B
Depth, D
Velocity, v
Discharge, Q
Section 1.89m/s
14.2.4.3 The drain dimension are 0.90m wide x 0.95 m deep, which is
within the recommended limits. (0.6<v<2m/s)
…OK
Section
14.2.4.1 Check flow velocity for lined drain

Depth between 0.6m and 1.2m, lined drain shall be covered.

Service opening shall be provided along open drain with

maximum interval spacing at every 100m.
4.7.2 SUB-CATCHMENT 2

REFERENCE CALCULATION OUTPUT

Delineate the catchments
The sub-catchments are delineated as shown in Figure 4.4
Sub-catchment Layout Plan.

Calculate the catchment area. 6.71 ha

The area of catchment 1 is 67097.94 m²
The catchment in hectare is 6.71 ha.

Table 2.5 Calculate Cavg values 0.77

The C value for catchment area are

No Land use Runoff Area Cavg

Coefficient (ha)
(C)
1. Semi-detached 0.70 2.36 0.25
Bungalow
2. Commercial 0.90 1.36 0.18
and Business
Centres
3. Detention 0.95 1.15 0.16
Pond

4. Community 0.65 1.84 0.18

Centre
TOTAL 6.71 0.77
 Determine overland sheet flow path length, Lo for the
flow paths in catchment area to calculate the time of
concentration of sub-catchment 1.

Lo for sub-catchment 1 =500.23m

Determine slope of overland surface in percent (%)

S = [(58-55.36) / 500.23] x 100%

= 0.52%

Calculate to. Use the Horton’s n* Value (Use n*=0.015

paved from Figure 8.6)

Determine the time of concentration, tc

to = 14.52 min, Lo = 500.23m
Length of channel(drain), Ld = 1078.96 m
Average velocity in the open drained should be assessed
using Manning’s
equation.
Assume V= 1.0 m/s
m
Then 𝑡𝑑= L/V =
m/s
❑
= 1078.96 sec x 60 sec
= 17.98 min
Time of concentration, tc = t0 + td

Therefore, the total, tc = d = 14.52 minutes + 17.89 minutes =

32.41 minutes
≈ 40 minutes

Equation Determine the rainfall intensity, i

2.2

Table 1.1 Where,

i = Average Rainfall Intensity (mm/hr)
T = Average recurrence interval – ARI (0.5<T<12 month and
2<T<100 year)
d = Storm duration (hours), 0.0833<d<72
K, ϴ, Ƞ = fitting constant dependent on the rain gauge
 location (Figure 8.3)

Storm Derived Parameters

Location & Station ARI, T
duration
ID (years) 𝜆 K Ө Ƞ
d
Sungai Lembing 5 45.999 0.21 0.074 0.590
PCC Mill 0
(3930012)

0.210
(45.999)(5)
i= 0.590
(( ❑ )+0.074)
60

=
Equation Determine the peak discharge, Q5
2.3

Where: Q = Peak flow (𝑚3/s)

C = Runoff coefficient
I = Average rainfall intensity (mm/hr)
A = Drainage area (ha)

(0.77)()(8.59)
Q5 =
360
= m /s
3

Design for the minor drain

Table 2.3 Manning’s n for concrete lining (paved); n = 0.015 (smooth

concrete finish)

Assume,
S= 0.0015 (0.15%)
Width, B = 0.9m
Side slope, Z = 0m

Q = AV

Where;
A = (B+ZD)D 0.9D
P = B+2D
R = A/P

D A P R V
(m) (m2) (m) (m) (m/s) Q (m3/s)
0.6 0.54 2.10 0.26 1.70 0.921
0.7 0.63 2.30 0.27 1.78 1.120
0.8 0.72 2.50 0.29 1.84 1.324
 0.9 0.81 2.70 0.30 1.89 1.531
(>Q5= m3/s)

Section Allowing a minimum freeboard

14.2.4.2 50mm
Hence, required depth, Dminimum
0.85m
Provided dimension of lined drain (Refer to concrete
manufacturers):

Width, B 0.90m
Depth, D 0.0 m
Velocity, v m/s
Discharge, Q m3/s

The drain dimension are 0.90m wide x 0.95 m deep, which is

within the recommended limits.
Section
14.2.4.3 Check flow velocity for lined drain
1.89m/s
(0.6<v<2m/s)
Section …OK
14.2.4.1 Depth between 0.6m and 1.2m, lined drain shall be covered.

Service opening shall be provided along open drain with

maximum interval spacing at every 100m.

4.7.3 SUB-CATCHMENT 3

REFERENCE CALCULATION OUTPUT

Delineate the catchments
The sub-catchments are delineated as shown in Figure 4.4
Sub-catchment Layout Plan.
 Calculate the catchment area. 8.18 ha
The area of catchment 1 is 81830.12 m².
The catchment in hectare is 8.18 ha.

Table 2.5 Calculate Cavg values 0.65

The C value for catchment area are

No Land use Runoff Area Cavg

Coefficient (ha)
(C)
1. Park 0.30 1.05 0.04
2. Terrace House 0.80 4.34 0.42
3. Business 0.90 0.67 0.07
Centre
4. Grass Cover 0.40 1.83 0.09
5. Water Tank 0.90 0.29 0.03
TOTAL 8.18 0.65

Determine overland sheet flow path length, Lo for the

flow paths in catchment area to calculate the time of
concentration of sub-catchment 1.

Lo for sub-catchment 1 =500.23m

Determine slope of overland surface in percent (%)

S = [(58-55.36) / 500.23] x 100%

= 0.52%

Calculate to. Use the Horton’s n* Value (Use n*=0.015

paved from Figure 8.6)

Determine the time of concentration, tc

to = 14.52 min, Lo = 500.23m
Length of channel(drain), Ld = 1078.96 m
Average velocity in the open drained should be assessed
using Manning’s
equation.
Assume V= 1.0 m/s
m
Then 𝑡𝑑= L/V =
m/s
❑
= 1078.96 sec x 60 sec
 = 17.98 min
Time of concentration, tc = t0 + td

Therefore, the total, tc = d = 14.52 minutes + 17.89 minutes =

32.41 minutes
≈ 40 minutes

Equation Determine the rainfall intensity, i

2.2

Where,
i = Average Rainfall Intensity (mm/hr)
T = Average recurrence interval – ARI (0.5<T<12 month and
Table 1.1 2<T<100 year)
d = Storm duration (hours), 0.0833<d<72
K, ϴ, Ƞ = fitting constant dependent on the rain gauge
location (Figure 8.3)

Storm Derived Parameters

Location & Station ARI, T
duration
ID (years) 𝜆 K Ө Ƞ
d
Sungai Lembing 5 45.999 0.21 0.074 0.590
PCC Mill 0
(3930012)

0.210
(45.999)(5)
i= 0.590
(( ❑ )+0.074)
60
=

Equation Determine the peak discharge, Q5

2.3

Where: Q = Peak flow (𝑚3/s)

C = Runoff coefficient
I = Average rainfall intensity (mm/hr)
A = Drainage area (ha)

(0.77)()(8.59)
Q5 =
360
= m /s
3

Design for the minor drain

Table 2.3 Manning’s n for concrete lining (paved); n = 0.015 (smooth

concrete finish)

Assume,
 S= 0.0015 (0.15%)
Width, B = 0.9m
Side slope, Z = 0m

Q = AV

Where;
A = (B+ZD)D 0.9D
P = B+2D
R = A/P

D A P R V
(m) (m2) (m) (m) (m/s) Q (m3/s)
0.6 0.54 2.10 0.26 1.70 0.921
(>Q5= m3/s)
0.7 0.63 2.30 0.27 1.78 1.120
0.8 0.72 2.50 0.29 1.84 1.324 50mm
0.9 0.81 2.70 0.30 1.89 1.531
Section
14.2.4.2 0.85m
Allowing a minimum freeboard

Hence, required depth, Dminimum

0.90m
Provided dimension of lined drain (Refer to concrete 0.0 m
manufacturers): m/s
m3/s
Width, B
Depth, D
Velocity, v
Discharge, Q

The drain dimension are 0.90m wide x 0.95 m deep, which is 1.89m/s
Section
within the recommended limits. (0.6<v<2m/s)
14.2.4.3
…OK
Check flow velocity for lined drain
Section
14.2.4.1
Depth between 0.6m and 1.2m, lined drain shall be covered.

Service opening shall be provided along open drain with

maximum interval spacing at every 100m.