1 a) Explain the steps in design of machine elements.

b) Write about design by evolution and morphology of design.

2 Define “mechanical properties of an engineering material”. State any six

mechanical properties and applications of it.

3 a) Define compressive stress and compressive strain

b) A hydraulic press exerts a total load of 3.5 MN. This load is carried by two
steel rods, supporting the upper head of the press. If the safe stress is 85
MPa and E = 210 kN/mm2 , find : 1. diameter of the rods, and 2. extension
in each rod in a length of 2.5 m

4 The load on a bolt consists of an axial pull of 15 kN together with a

transverse shear force of 7.5 kN. Find the diameter of bolt required
according to 1.Maximum principal stress theory; 2. Maximum shear
stress theory; 3. Maximum principal strain theory; 4. Maximum strain
energy theory; and 5. Maximum distortion energy

5 a) Define Shear stress and Shear strain.

b) A pull of 80 kN is transmitted from a bar X to the bar through a pin as
shown in following figure. If the maximum permissible tensile stress in the
bars is 100 N/mm2 and the permissible shear stress in the pin is 80
N/mm2, what is the diameter of the pin?

6 a) Derive an expression for the impact stress induced due to a falling load.
b) A cantilever beam of section width 50 mm and depth 150 mm is 1.5 m
long. This beam is struck by a load of 1000 N which falls from a height of
10 mm at itsfree end. Determine maximum deflection, maximum stress,
impact factor and maximum load intensity. Also determine static
deflection and static stress. Take E= 2 x 105 N/mm2

7 a) Define the terms:(i) Notch sensitivity and (ii) Fatigue stress concentration
factor
b) A circular bar of 500 mm length is supported freely at its two ends. It is
acted upon by a central concentrated cyclic load having a minimum value
of 20 kN and a maximum value of 50 kN. Determine the diameter of bar
by taking a factor of safety of 1.5, size effect of 0.85, surface finish factor
of 0.9. The material properties of bar are given by: ultimate strength of
650 MPa, yield strength of 500 MPa and endurance strength of 350 MPa.

8 What are the factors to be considered while designing machine parts to

avoid fatigue failure?
A bar of circular cross-section is subjected to alternating tensile forces
varying from a minimum of 200 kN to a maximum of 500 kN. It is to be
manufactured of a material with an ultimate tensile strength of 900 MPa
and an endurance limit of 700 Mpa. Determine the diameter of bar using
safety factors of 3.5 related to ultimate tensile strength and 4 related to
endurance limit and a stress concentration factor of 1.65 for fatigue load.
Use Goodman straight line as basis for design
9 a) Find the maximum stress induced in the following case taking stress
concentration into account: A stepped shaft as shown in Fig. and carrying
a tensile load of 12 kN

10 a) What are the important terms used in riveted joints?

b) Find the efficiency of the following riveted joints:
i). Single riveted lap joint of 6 mm plates with 20 mm diameter rivets
having a pitch of 50 mm.
ii). Double riveted lap joint of 6 mm plates with 20 mm diameter rivets
having a pitch of 65 mm.
Assume Permissible tensile stress in plate = 120 MPa
Permissible shearing stress in rivets = 90 MPa
Permissible crushing stress in rivets = 180 MPa

11 The bracket as shown in Fig., is to carry a load of 50 kN. Determine the

size of the rivet if the shear stress is not to exceed 50 MPa. Assume all
rivets of the same size.
12 a) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of welded joints over riveted
joints
b) A rectangular cross-section bar is welded to a support by means of fillet
welds as shown in figure . Determine the size of the welds, if the
permissible shear stress in the weld is limited to 75 MPa.

13 A 50 mm diameter solid shaft is welded to a flat plate as shown in figure.

If the size of the weld is 15 mm, find the maximum normal and shear
stress in the weld.

14 A wall bracket, as shown in Fig., is fixed to a wall by means of four bolts.

Find the size of the bolts and the width of bracket. The safe stress in
tension for the bolt and bracket may be assumed as 70 MPa
15 Determine the size of the bolts and the thickness of the arm for the
bracket as shown in figure, if it carries a load of 40 kN at an angle of 60°
to the vertical. The material of the bracket and the bolts is same for which
the safe stresses can be assumed as 70, 50 and 105 MPa in tension,
shear and compression respectively.

16 a) Explain the important terms used in screw threads.

b) Explain in detail, what is “bolts of uniform strength”?

17 a) What are the stresses induced in the shafts?

b) A propeller shaft is required to transmit 45 kW power at 500 rpm. It is a
hollow shaft, having inside diameter 0.6 times of outside diameter. It is
made of plain carbon steel and permissible shear stress is 84 N/mm 2 .
Calculate the inner and outer diameters of the shaft.

18 a) What are the materials used for a shaft?

b) A shaft supported at the ends in bail bearings carries a straight tooth spur
gear at its mid span and is to transmit 7.5 kW at 300 r.p.m. The pitch
circle diameter of the gear is 150 mm. The distances between the centre
line of bearings and gear are 100 mm each. If the shaft is made of steel
and the allowable shear stress is 45 MPa, determine the diameter of the
shaft. Show in a sketch how the gear will be mounted on the shaft; also
indicate the ends where the bearings will be mounted? The pressure
angle of the gear may be taken as 20°.
19 A shaft is supported by two bearings placed 1 m apart. A 500 mm
diameter pulley is mounted at a distance of 300 mm to the right of left
hand bearing and this drives a pulley directly below it with the help of belt
having maximum tension of 2.45 kN. Another pulley 400 mm diameter is
placed 200 mm to the left of right hand bearing and is driven with the help
of electric motor and belt, which is placed horizontally to the right. The
angle of contact for both the pulleys is 180° and \ i = 0.2. Determine the
suitable diameter for a solid shaft, allowing working stress of 60 MPa in
tension and 40 MPa in shear for the material of shaft. Assume that the
torque on one pulley is equal to that on the other pulley.

20 A horizontal nickel steel shaft rests on two bearings, A at the left and B
at the right end and carries two gears C and D located at distances of 250
mm and 400 mm respectively from the centre line of the left and right
bearings. The pitch diameter of the gear C is 600 mm and that of gear D
is 200 mm. The distance between the centre line of the bearings is 2400
mm. The shaft transmits 20 kW at 120 r.p.m. The power is delivered to
the shaft at gear C and is taken out at gear D in such a manner that the
tooth pressure Ftc of the gear C and FID of the gear D act vertically
downwards. Find the diameter of the shaft, if the working stress is 100
MPa in tension and 56 MPa in shear. The gears C and D weighs 950 N
and 350 N respectively. The combined shock and fatigue factors for
bending and torsion may be taken as 1.5 and 1.2 respectively.