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Diesel Cycle

The diesel cycle was invented by Rudolph Diesel in 1893 and is used in all diesel engines. It involves high compression ratios that allow diesel fuel to ignite without an external spark. The cycle has four processes: 1) Isentropic compression where air is compressed adiabatically, 2) Constant volume heat addition where fuel is injected and ignites at constant pressure, 3) Isentropic expansion where combustion gases expand, and 4) Constant volume heat rejection where exhaust gases are expelled. The diesel cycle provides higher thermal efficiency than Otto cycle gasoline engines due to the high compression ratios.

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Yuji Ohkusu
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109 views5 pages

Diesel Cycle

The diesel cycle was invented by Rudolph Diesel in 1893 and is used in all diesel engines. It involves high compression ratios that allow diesel fuel to ignite without an external spark. The cycle has four processes: 1) Isentropic compression where air is compressed adiabatically, 2) Constant volume heat addition where fuel is injected and ignites at constant pressure, 3) Isentropic expansion where combustion gases expand, and 4) Constant volume heat rejection where exhaust gases are expelled. The diesel cycle provides higher thermal efficiency than Otto cycle gasoline engines due to the high compression ratios.

Uploaded by

Yuji Ohkusu
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DIESEL CYCLE

The diesel cycle was invented by Rudolph Diesel in 1893. He put forward an idea by which
we can attain higher thermal efficiency, with a high compression ratio. All diesel engine works on
this cycle. Diesel is used as fuel in this cycle as it can be compressed at higher compression ratio.
Itis also known as constant pressure cycle because heat is added in it at constant pressure. It has
high thermal efficiency and compression ratio (11:1 to 22:1) as compared with Otto cycle.
The working of these four processes of Diesel cycle can be easily grasped with the help of
P-V and T-S diagram:

1. Process 1-2: Isentropic Compression


In this process the piston moves from BDC to TDC and compression of air takes place
isentropically. It means that during compression the entropy remains constant and there is no
flowof heat out of the cylinder walls (non-conductors) happens. Here the air is compressed so
the pressure increases from P1 to P2, volume decreases from V1 to V2, Temperature increases
from T1to T2 and entropy remains constant ( i.e. S1 = S2).

2. Process 2-3: Constant Volume Heat Addition


In this process the, the hot body is kept in contact with the cylinder and heat addition to theair
takes place at constant pressure. During this process, the piston rest for a moment at TDC. The
Pressure remains constant (i.e. P2 = P3), volume increases from V2 to V3, temperature increases
from T2 to T3, entropy increases from S2 to S3.
3. Process 3-4: Isentropic Expansion
In this process, after heat addition, the expansion of air takes place isentropically and
work is obtained from the system. The piston moves downward during this process and reaches to
BDC. The pressure falls from P3 to P4, Volume increases from V3 to V4, the temperature falls
from T3 toT4 and entropy remains constant (i.e. S3=S4).

4. Process 4-1: Constant Volume Heat Rejection


In this process, the piston rest at BDC for a moment and the cold body is brought in contact
with the cylinder and the heat rejection takes place at constant volume. The pressure decreases
from P4 to P1, temperature decreases from T4 to T1, entropy decreases from S4 to S1 and volume
remains constant (i.e.V4 = V1).

FORMULAS FOR DIESEL CYCLE

PROCESS 1-2

 Beginning of compression (P1,V1,T1)


 Initial (P1,V1,T1)
 In the end of compression (P2,V2,T2)
 Maximum Volume (V1), minimum volume (V2)
 Adiabatic (no heat gain or no heat loss)

PROCESS 2-3

 Beginning of heat addition (P2,V2,T2)


 Beginning of combustion/heat addition (P2,V2,T2)
 At the end of combustion/heat addition (P3,V3,T3)
 Constant Pressure P2=P3
PROCESS 3-4

 Beginning of Expansion (P3,V3,T3)


 End of Expansion (P4,V4,T4)
 Adiabatic (no heat gain or no heat loss)

PROCESS 4-1

 Beginning of heat rejection (P4,V4,T4)


 End of heat rejection (P1,V1,T1)
 Constant Volume V1=V4

WORK OF THE CYCLE


EFFICIENCY OF THE CYCLE

CLEARANCE AND VOLUME DISPLACEMENT

CLEARANCE VOLUME AND MEAN EFFECTIVE PRESSURE

RELATION BETWEEN kr , rc, and re


ADDITIONAL; CLEARANCE, CLEARANCE VOLUME, SWEPT VOLUME

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