HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction of
project:

The project Hospital Management system includes registration of patients, storing their
details into the system. The software has the facility to give a unique id for every patient and
stores the details of every patient .

The Hospital Management System can be entered using a username and password. It is
accessible either by an administrator .Only they can add data into the database. The data can be
retrieved easily. The interface is very user-friendly. The data are well protected for personal use
and makes the data processing very fast.

Hospital Management System is powerful, flexible, and easy to use and is designed and
developed to deliver real conceivable benefits to hospitals.

Hospital Management System is designed for multispecialty hospitals, to cover a wide

range of hospital administration and management processes. It is an integrated end-to-end
Hospital Management System that provides relevant information across the hospital to support
effective decision making for patient care, hospital administration and critical financial
accounting, in a seamless flow.

Hospital Management System is a software product suite designed to improve the quality
and management of hospital management in the areas of clinical process analysis and activity-
based costing. Hospital Management System enables you to develop your organization and
improve its effectiveness and quality of work. Managing the key processes efficiently is critical
to the success of the hospital helps you manage your processes

1.2 Architecture of project:

Lack of immediate retrievals:

The information is very difficult to retrieveand to find particular information like- E.g. -
To find out about the patient’shistory, the user has to go through various registers. This results in
inconvenience and wastage of time.

Lack of immediate information storage: -

The information generated byvarious transactions takes time and efforts to be stored at

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right place.

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Lack of prompt updating:

Various changes to information like patientdetails or immunization details of child are

difficult to make as paper work isinvolved.

Error prone manual calculation:

Manual calculations are error prone andtake a lot of time this may result in incorrect
information. For examplecalculation of patient’s bill based on various treatments.

Preparation of accurate and prompt reports:

This becomes a difficult task as information is difficult to collect from various register.

Objective:

1) Define hospital
2) Recording information about the Patients that come.
3) Generating bills.
4) Recording information related to diagnosis given to Patients.
5) Keeping record of the Immunization provided to children/patients.
6) Keeping information about various diseases and medicines available to cure them.

These are the various jobs that need to be done in a Hospital by the operational staff andDoctors.
All these works are done on papers.

Scope of the Project:-

1) Information about Patients is done by just writing the Patients name, age and gender.
Whenever the Patient comes up his information is stored freshly.
2) Bills are generated by recording price for each facility provided to Patient on a separate
sheet and at last they all are summed up.
3) Diagnosis information to patients is generally recorded on the document, which contains
Patient information. It is destroyed after some time period to decrease the paper load in
the office.
4) Immunization records of children are maintained in pre-formatted sheets, which are kept
in a file.

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5) Information about various diseases is not kept as any document. Doctors themselves do
this job by remembering various medicines.

All this work is done manually by the receptionist and other operational staff and lot ofpapers
are needed to be handled and taken care of. Doctors have to remember variousmedicines
available for diagnosis and sometimes miss better alternatives as they can’tremember them at
that time.

1.3 Organisation of the report:

Hospital Management System is web application for hospital which manages doctors and
patients. In this project, we use PHP and MySQL database.

The entire project mainly consists of 3 modules, which are

 Admin module
 User module (patient)
 Doctor module

1.3.1 Admin module:

1. Dashboard: In this section, admin can view the Patients, Doctors, Appointments and
New queries.
2. Doctors: In this section, admin can add doctor’s specialization and mange
doctors (Add/Update).
3. Users: In this section, admin can view users detail(who take online appointment) and
also have right to delete irrelevant user.
4. Patients: In this section, admin can view patient’s details.
5. Appointment History: In this section, admin can view appointment history.
6. Contact us Queries: In this section, admin can view queries which are send by users.
7. Doctor Session Logs: In this section, admin can see login and logout time of doctor.
8. User Session Logs: In this section, admin can see login and logout time of user.
9. Reports: In this section, admin can view reports of patients in particular periods.
10. Patient Search: In this section, admin can search patient with the help of patient name
and mobile number.

Admin can also change his/her own password.

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1.3.2 User module (patient):

1. Dashboard: In this section, patients can view the his/her profile, Appointments and
Book Appointment.
2. Book Appointment: In this section, Patient can book his/her appointment.
3. Appointment History: In this section, Patients can see his/her own appointment history.
4. Medical History: In this section, Patients can see his/her own appointment history.

User can update his/her profile, change the password and recover the password.

1.3.3 Doctor module:

1. Dashboard: In this section, doctor can view his/her own profile and online appointments.
2. Appointment History: In this section, Doctor can see patient’s appointment history.
3. Patients: In this section, doctor can manage patients (Add/Update).
4. Search: In this section, doctor can search patient with the help of patient name and
mobile number.

Doctor can also update his profile, change the password and recover the password.

CHAPTER
2
BUSINESS REQUIRMENTS:
2.1 INTRODUCTION TO DOMAIN BUSINESS AND RELATED TERMS:
To be used efficiently, all computer software needs certain hardware components or the
other software resources to be present on a computer. These pre-requisites are known
as(computer) system requirements and are often used as a guideline as opposed to an absolute
rule. Most software defines two sets of system requirements: minimum and recommended. With
increasing demand for higher processing power and resources in newer versions of software,
system requirements tend to increase over time. Industry analysts suggest that this trend plays a
biggerpart in driving upgrades to existing computer systems than technological advancements.

2.2 DONAR MANAGEMENT:

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The most common set of requirements defined by any operating system or software
application is the physical computer resources, also known as hardware. A hardware
requirements list is often accompanied by a hardware compatibility list (HCL), especially in case
of operating systems. An HCL lists tested, compatibility and sometimes incompatible hardware
devices for a particular operating system or application. The following sub-sections discuss the
various aspects of hardware requirements.

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS FOR PRESENT PROJECT:

PROCESSOR : Intel dual Core ,i3

RAM : 1 GB

HARD DISK : 80 GB

Software Requirements deal with defining software resource requirements and pre-
requisites that need to be installed on a computer to provide optimal functioning of an
application. These requirements or pre-requisites are generally not included in the software
installation package and need to be installed separately before the software is installed.

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS FOR PRESENT PROJECT:

OPERATING SYSTEM : Windows 7/ XP/8

FRONT END : HTML,css, JavaScript,J query

SERVER SIDE SCRIPT : PHP

DATABASE : MySQL

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CHAPTER 3
DATABASE DESIGN MODULE
3.1 INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE MODEL:

3.1.1
INTRODUCTION TO UML:

UML Design

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a standard language for specifying,

visualizing, constructing, and documenting the software system and its components. It is a
graphical language, which provides a vocabulary and set of semantics and rules. The UML
focuses on the conceptual and physical representation of the system. It captures the decisions
and understandings about systems that must be constructed. It is used to understand, design,
configure, maintain, and control information about the systems.
The UML is a language for:
Visualizing
Specifying
Constructing
Documenting
Visualizing
Through UML we see or visualize an existing system and ultimately we visualize
how the system is going to be after implementation. Unless we think, we cannot
implement. UML helps to visualize, how the components of the system communicate
and interact with each other.
Specifying
Specifying means building, models that are precise, unambiguous and complete
UML addresses the specification of all the important analysis design, implementation
decisions that must be made in developing and deploying a software system.

Constructing
UML models can be directly connected to a variety of programming language
through mapping a model from UML to a programming language like JAVA or C++ or
VB. Forward Engineering and Reverse Engineering is possible through UML.

Documenting
The Deliverables of a project apart from coding are some Artifacts, which are
critical in controlling, measuring and communicating about a system during its

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developing requirements, architecture, desire, source code, project plans, tests,

prototypes releaser,etc
3.1.2 UML Approach

UML Diagram

A diagram is the graphical presentation of a set of elements, most often rendered

as a connected graph of vertices and arcs .you draw diagram to visualize a system
from different perspective, so a diagram is a projection into a system. For all but most
trivial systems, a diagram represents an elided view of the elements that make up a
system. The same element may appear in all diagrams, only a few diagrams , or in no
diagrams at all. In theory, a diagram may contain any combination of things and
relationships. In practice, however, a small number of common combinations arise,
which are consistent with the five most useful views that comprise the architecture of
a software- intensive system. For this reason, the UML includes nine such diagrams:
1. Class diagram
2. Object diagram
3. Use case diagram
4. Sequence diagram
5. Collaboration diagram
6. State chart diagram
7. Activity diagram
8. Component diagram
9. Deployment diagram

USE CASE DIAGRAM:

A use case diagram in the Unified Modeling Language(UML) is type of behavioral
diagram defined by and created from a use-case analysis. its purpose is to present a graphical
overview of the functionality provided by a system in terms of actors, their goals(represented as
use cases),and any dependencies between those use cases.
Use case diagrams are formally included in two modeling languages defined by the
OMG:theunfied modeling language(UML) and the systems modeling language(sysML)

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Use case diagram of our

Sign in
project: Use Case Diagram
Admin Dashboard

Manage Doctor Specialization / Doctor

View Users

View Patients

View Appointment History

View Appointment History

Manage Queries

Doctors /Users Session Logs

Generate Reports

Doctors /Users
Session Logs

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Doctor Use Case Diagram

Sign in

Dashboard

Manage
Appointment History

Manage Patient

(Add / Update)

Add patient
History

Search Patient

Update Own
Profile

Change Password

Password Recovery

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Patient Use Case Diagram

Signup

Sign in

Dashboard

Book Appointment

Appointment History

View Medical
History

Update Own
Profile

Change Password

Password
Recovery

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Class Diagram:
A Class is a category or group of things that has similar attributes and common behavior.
A Rectangle is the icon that represents the class it is divided into three areas. The upper most
area contains the name, the middle; area contains the attributes and the lowest areas show the
operations. Class diagrams provides the representation that developers work from. Class
diagrams help on the analysis side, too.

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3.2 ER Diagram

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3.3 Relational Schema Diagram

The data in the system has to be stored and retrieved from database. Designing the

database is part of system design. Data elements and data structures to be stored have been

identified at analysis stage. They are structured and put together to design the data storage and

retrieval system.

A database is a collection of interrelated data stored with minimum redundancy to serve

many users quickly and efficiently. The general objective is to make database access easy, quick,

inexpensive and flexible for the user. Relationships are established between the data items and

unnecessary data items are removed. Normalization is done to get an internal consistency of data

and to have minimum redundancy and maximum stability. This ensures minimizing data storage

required, minimizing chances of data inconsistencies and optimizing for updates. The MS Access

database has been chosen for developing the relevant databases.

Hospital Management System (hms) contains 10 MySQL tables :

admin table Structure : This table store the login details of admin.

doctorspecilization table Structure : This table store the specializations of doctors.

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doctors table Structure : This table store the logins and personal details of doctors.

doctorslog table Structure : This table store the doctor login and logout details.

users table Structure : This table store the users login and personal details.

userlog table Structure : This table store the users login and personal details.

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appointment table Structure : This table store the users appointment details.

tblpatient table Structure : This table store the patient details.

tblmedicalhistory table Structure : This table store the patient medical history .

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tblcontactus table Structure : This table store the contact us query details .

CHAPTER
4
DATABASE IMPLIMENTATION
DATATABEL CREATION:

ADMIN TABEL:
In the table create admin use variable “id” which is of integer type and has
a constraint NOT NULL .
It has a variable “user name”of data type variable character (255) and has “NOT
NULL” constraint
It has a another variable “password” of data type variable character and has “NOT
NULL” constraint
It has another variable “updation time” of data type variable character length and
has a “NOT NULL” constraint

APPOINTMENT TABEL :
It has a variable “id” of data type integer and not null constraint
It has a variable “ doctor specialization “of data type variable length character ( if
we not enter any value to it it will take null has default )
It has a variable “ doctor id” of data type integer and has a default value NULL
It has a variable “user id” of data type integer and has a default NULL values
It has a variable “ consultancy fee” of data type integer and has default value NULL

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It has variable “appointment date” of data type variable length character and has
default value NULL
It has a variable “appointment time” of data type variable length character and has
default value NULL
It has a variable “posting date “ of data type time stamp and has a default value
NULL and to fetch current time we have current_timestamp( ) function
It has a variable “user status” of data type integer and has default value NULL
It has a variable “doctor status” of data type integer and default value NULL
It has a variable “updation time” of data type time stamp and has a default value NULL
and to current_timestamp( ) function

DOCTOR TABEL:
It has following variable:
It has variable “id” of data type integer and has not null constraint
It has variable “specialization of data type variable length and has default value NULL
It has variable “doctor name” of data type variable length and has default value NULL
It has character variable ”address” of data type longtext and has default value NULL
It has variable “doctor “of data type variable length character and default value to NULL
It has variable “doemail “ of variable length character and has default value NULL
It has variable “password” of variable length character and has default value NULL
It has variable “certain data” and data type timestamp and default value NULL and to
fetch current time we use current_timestamp ( ) function
It has variable “updation data” and data type timestamp and default value NULL and felt
current time we use current time stamp ( ) function.

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CHAPTER 5

ANALYSIS
5.1 EXISTING SYSTEM:

Hospitalscurrently use a manual system for the management and maintenance of critical
information. The current system requires numerous paper forms, with data stores spread
throughout the hospital management infrastructure.Often information is incomplete or does not
follow management standards.Forms are often lost in transit between departments requiring a
comprehensive auditing process to ensure that no vital information is lost.Multiple copies of the
same information exist in the hospital and may lead to inconsistencies in data in various data
stores.

5.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM:

The Hospital Management System is designed for any hospital to replace their existing
manual paper based system.The new system is to control the information of patients.
Roomavailability,staff and operating room schedules and patient invoices.These services are to
be provided in an efficient,cost effective manner,with the goal of reducing the time and resources
currently required for such tasks .

5.3 FEASIBILITY STUDY

The feasibility of the project is analyzed in this phase and business proposal is put forth
with a very general plan for the project and some cost estimates. During system analysis the
feasibility study of the proposed system is to be carried out. This is to ensure that the proposed
system is not a burden to the company. For feasibility analysis, some understanding of the major
requirements for the system is essential.

Three key considerations involved in the feasibility analysis are:

5.3.1 Economic Feasibility

This study is carried out to check the economic impact will have on the system
will have on the organization. The amount of fund that the company can pour into
the research and development of the system is limited. The expenditures must be
justified. Thus the developed system as well within the budget and this was
achieved because most of the technologies used are freely available. Only the
customized products have to be purchased.
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5.3.2 Technical Feasibility

This study is carried out to check the technical feasibility, that is, the
technical requirements of the system. Any system developed must not have a high
demand on the available technical resources. This will lead to high demands being
placed on the client. The developed system must have a modest requirement, as
only minimal or null changes for the implementing this system.

5.3.3 Operational Feasibility

The aspect of study is to check the level of acceptance of the system

by the user. This includes the process of training the user to use the system
efficiently. The user must not feel threatened by the system, instead must
accept it as a necessity. The level of acceptance by the users solely depends
on the methods that are employed to educate the user about the system and to
make him familiar with it. His level of confidence must be raised so that he is
also able to make some constructive criticism, which is welcomed, as he is
the final user of the system.

5.4 SOFTWARE

SPECIFICATION HTML:
HTML or Hypertext Markup Language is the standard markup language used to create web
pages.
HTML is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of tags enclosed in angle
brackets (like <html>). HTML tags most commonly come in pairs like <h1> and </h1>, although
some tags represent empty elements and so are unpaired, for example <img>. The first tag in a
pair is the start tag, and the second tag is the end tag (they are also called opening
tags and closing tags). Though not always necessary, it is best practice to append a slash to tags
which are not paired with a closing tag.
The purpose of a web browser is to read HTML documents and compose them into
visible or audible web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags
to interpret the content of the page. HTML describes the structure of a website semantically
along with cues for presentation, making it a markup language rather than a programming
language.
HTML elements form the building blocks of all websites. HTML allows images and
objects to be embedded and can be used to create interactive forms. It provides a means to
create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings,
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paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items. It can embed scripts written in languages such
as JavaScript which affect the behavior of HTML web pages.

CASCADING STYLE SHEETS (CSS):

It is a style sheet language used for describing the look and formatting of a document
written in a markup language. While most often used to style web pages and interfaces written
in HTML and XHTML, the language can be applied to any kind of XML document,
including plain XML, SVG and XUL. CSS is a cornerstone specification of the web and almost
all web pages use CSS style sheets to describe their presentation.
CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content from
document presentation, including elements such as thelayout, colors, and fonts.[1] This
separation can improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the
specification of presentation characteristics, enable multiple pages to share formatting, and
reduce complexity and repetition in the structural content .
CSS can also allow the same markup page to be presented in different styles for different
rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice (when read out by a speech-based
browser or screen reader) and on Braille-based, tactile devices. It can also be used to allow the
web page to display differently depending on the screen size or device on which it is being
viewed. While the author of a document typically links that document to a CSS file, readers can
use a different style sheet, perhaps one on their own computer, to override the one the author has
specified. However if the author or the reader did not link the document to a specific style sheet
the default style of the browser will be applied.

MySQL:

MySQL is developed, distributed, and supported by Oracle Corporation. MySQL is a

database system used on the web it runs on a server.MySQL is ideal for both small and large
applications.It is very fast, reliable, and easy to use.It supports standard SQL.MySQL can be
compiled on a number of platforms.

The data in MySQL is stored in tables. A table is a collection of related data, and it
consists of columns and rows.Databases are useful when storing information
categorically.

FEATURES OF MySQL:

Internals and portability:

 Written in C and C++.

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 Tested with a broad range of different compilers.

 Works on many different platforms.

 Tested with Purify (a commercial memory leakage detector) as well as with Val grind, a
GPL tool.
 Uses multi-layered server design with independent modules.

Security:
 A privilege and password system that is very flexible and secure, and that enables host-
based verification.

 Password security by encryption of all password traffic when you connect to a server.

Scalability and Limits:

 Support for large databases. We use MySQL Server with databases that contain 50
million records. We also know of users who use MySQL Server with 200,000 tables and
about 5,000,000,000 rows.

 Support for up to 64 indexes per table (32 before MySQL 4.1.2). Each index may consist of 1
to 16 columns or parts of columns. The maximum index width is 767 bytes for InnoDB tables,
or 1000 for MyISAM; before MySQL 4.1.2, the limit is 500 bytes. An index may use a prefix
of a column for CHAR, VARCHAR, BLOB, or TEXT column types.

CONNECTIVITY:
Clients can connect to MySQL Server using several protocols:

 Clients can connect using TCP/IP sockets on any platform.

 On Windows systems in the NT family (NT, 2000, XP, 2003, or Vista), clients
can connect using named pipes if the server is started with the --enable-named-
pipe option. In MySQL 4.1 and higher, Windows servers also support shared-memory
connections if started with the --shared-memory option. Clients can connect through
shared memory by using the --protocol=memory option.

 On UNIX systems, clients can connect using Unix domain socket files.

LOCALIZATION:
 The server can provide error messages to clients in many languages.
 All data is saved in the chosen character set.

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CLIENTS AND TOOLS:

 MySQL includes several client and utility programs. These include both
command- line programs such as mysqldump and mysqladmin, and graphical
programs such as MySQL Workbench.
 MySQL Server has built-in support for SQL statements to check, optimize,
and repair tables. These statements are available from the command line
through
the mysqlcheck client. MySQL also includes myisamchk, a very fast command-line
utility for performing these operations on MyISAM tables.
 MySQL programs can be invoked with the --help or -? option to obtain online
assistance.

WHY TO USE MySQL:

• Leading open source RDBMS

• Ease of use – No frills
• Fast
• Robust
• Security
• Multiple OS support
• Free
• Technical support
• Support large database– up to 50 million rows, file size limit up to 8 Million TB

JAVASCRIPT:

JavaScript is the scripting language of the Web. All modern HTML pages are using
JavaScript. A scripting language is a lightweight programming language.JavaScript code can be
inserted into any HTML page, and it can be executed by all types of web browsers. JavaScript is
easy to learn.

WHY TO USE JAVASCRIPT:

JavaScript is one of the 3 languages all web developers must learn:

1. HTML to define the content of web pages

2. CSS to specify the layout of web pages
3. JavaScript to specify the behavior of web

pages Example

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x = document.getElementById("demo"); //Find the HTML element with

id="demo" x.innerHTML = "Hello JavaScript"; //Change the content of the
HTML element

document.getElementById() is one of the most commonly used HTML DOM methods.

OTHER USES OF JAVASCRIPT:

 Delete HTML elements

 Create new HTML elements
 Copy HTML elements
 In HTML, JavaScript is a sequence of statements that can be executed by the
web browser.

JAVASCRIPT STATEMENTS:

 JavaScript statements are "commands" to the browser.

 The purpose of the statements is to tell the browser what to do.
 This JavaScript statement tells the browser to write "Hello Dolly" inside an
HTML element with id="demo":

Semicolon;
 Semicolon separates JavaScript statements.
 Normally you add a semicolon at the end of each executable statement.
 Using semicolons also makes it possible to write many statements on one line.

JAVASCRIPT CODE:

 JavaScript code (or just JavaScript) is a sequence of JavaScript statements.

 Each statement is executed by the browser in the sequence they are written.
 This example will manipulate two HTML elements:
 Example
 document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML="Hello Dolly";
document.getElementById("myDIV").innerHTML="How are
you?";
JAVASCRIPT PROPERTIES:

 Properties are the values associated with a JavaScript object.

 A JavaScript object is a collection of unordered properties.
 Properties can usually be changed, added, and deleted, but some are read only.

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PHP:

WHAT IS PHP?

 PHP is an acronym for "PHP Hypertext Preprocessor"

 PHP is a widely-used, open source scripting language
 PHP scripts are executed on the server
 PHP costs nothing, it is free to download and use

WHAT IS PHP FILE?

 PHP files can contain text, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP code
 PHP code are executed on the server, and the result is returned to the browser as
plain HTML
 PHP files have extension ".php"

WHAT CAN PHP DO?

 PHP can generate dynamic page content

 PHP can create, open, read, write, delete, and close files on the server
 PHP can collect form data
 PHP can send and receive cookies
 PHP can add, delete, modify data in your database
 PHP can restrict users to access some pages on your website
 PHP can encrypt data

With PHP you are not limited to output HTML. You can output images, PDF files, and even
Flash movies. You can also output any text, such as XHTML and XML.

WHY PHP?

 PHP runs on various platforms (Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac OS X, etc.)

 PHP is compatible with almost all servers used today (Apache, IIS, etc.)
 PHP supports a wide range of databases
 PHP is free. Download it from the official PHP resource: www.php.net

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CHAPTER 6

IMPLEMENTATION
6. IMPLEMENTATION:

6.1Introduction:
Implementation is the stage of the project when the theoretical design is turned out into a
working system. Thus it can be considered to be the most critical stage in achieving a successful
new system and in giving the user, confidence that the new system will work and be effective.

The implementation stage involves careful planning, investigation of the existing system and it’s
constraints on implementation, designing of methods to achieve changeover and evaluation of
changeover methods.

CHAPTER 7
RESULTS AND SNAPCHATS
Home Page

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Contact Us

Admin Login

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Admin Dashboard

Change Password

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Add Doctor Specialization

Add Doctor

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Doctor Info

Manage Users

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View Patient

PATIENTS APPOINTMENT HISTORY

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Doctor Logs

User Logs

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Reports

Patient Search

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Doctor Login

User Login

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View Medical History

Patient Registration

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CHAPTER 8

TESTING
8.1 INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM TESTING:
The purpose of testing is to discover errors. Testing is the process of trying to discover
every conceivable fault or weakness in a work product. It provides a way to check the
functionality of components, sub assemblies, assemblies and/or a finished product It is the
process of exercising software with the intent of ensuring that the

Software system meets its requirements and user expectations and does not fail in an
unacceptable manner. There are various types of test. Each test type addresses a specific testing
requirement.

TYPES OF TESTING:

Unit testing:
Unit testing involves the design of test cases that validate that the internal program logic
is functioning properly, and that program inputs produce valid outputs. All decision branches and
internal code flow should be validated. It is the testing of individual software units of the
application .it is done after the completion of an individual unit before integration. This is a
structural testing, that relies on knowledge of its construction and is invasive. Unit tests perform
basic tests at component level and test a specific business process, application, and/or system
configuration. Unit tests ensure that each unique path of a business process performs accurately
to the documented specifications and contains clearly defined inputs and expected results.

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Integration testing:

Integration tests are designed to test integrated software components to determine if they
actually run as one program. Testing is event driven and is more concerned with the basic
outcome of screens or fields. Integration tests demonstrate that although the components were
individually satisfaction, as shown by successfully unit testing, the combination of components is
correct and consistent. Integration testing is specifically aimed at exposing the problems that
arise from the combination of components.

Functional test:
Functional tests provide systematic demonstrations that functions tested are available as
specified by the business and technical requirements, system documentation, and user manuals.

Functional testing is centered on the following items:

Valid Input : identified classes of valid input must be accepted.

Invalid Input : identified classes of invalid input must be rejected.

Functions : identified functions must be exercised.

Output : identified classes of application outputs must be

exercised. Systems/Procedures: interfacing systems or procedures must be

invoked.

Organization and preparation of functional tests is focused on requirements, key functions, or

special test cases. In addition, systematic coverage pertaining to identify Business process flows;
data fields, predefined processes, and successive processes must be considered for testing.
Before functional testing is complete, additional tests are identified and the effective value of
current tests is determined.

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System Test:
System testing ensures that the entire integrated software system meets requirements. It tests a
configuration to ensure known and predictable results. An example of system testing is the
configuration oriented system integration test. System testing is based on process descriptions
and flows, emphasizing pre-driven process links and integration points.

White Box Testing:

White Box Testing is a testing in which in which the software tester has knowledge of the inner
workings, structure and language of the software, or at least its purpose. It is purpose. It is used
to test areas that cannot be reached from a black box level.

Black Box Testing:

Black Box Testing is testing the software without any knowledge of the inner workings,
structure or language of the module being tested. Black box tests, as most other kinds of tests,
must be written from a definitive source document, such as specification or requirements
document, such as specification or requirements document. It is a testing in which the software
under test is treated, as a black box .you cannot “see” into it. The test provides inputs and
responds to outputs without considering how the software works.

Unit Testing:

Unit testing is usually conducted as part of a combined code and unit test phase of the
software lifecycle, although it is not uncommon for coding and unit testing to be conducted as
two distinct phases.

Test strategy and approach

Field testing will be performed manually and functional tests will be written in detail.

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Test objectives
 All field entries must work properly.
 Pages must be activated from the identified link.
 The entry screen, messages and responses must not be delayed.

Features to be tested
 Verify that the entries are of the correct format
 No duplicate entries should be allowed
 All links should take the user to the correct page.

Integration Testing:
Software integration testing is the incremental integration testing of two or more
integrated software components on a single platform to produce failures caused by interface
defects.

The task of the integration test is to check that components or software applications, e.g.
components in a software system or – one step up – software applications at the company level –
interact without error.

Test Results:

All the test cases mentioned above passed successfully. No defects encountered.

Acceptance Testing:
User Acceptance Testing is a critical phase of any project and requires significant
participation by the end user. It also ensures that the system meets the functional requirements.

Test Results:

All the test cases mentioned above passed successfully. No defects encountered.

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CHAPTER 9
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
CONCLUSION:
Since we are entering details of the patients electronically in the” Hospital Management
System”, data will be secured. Using this application we can retrieve patient’s history with a
single click. Thus processing information will be faster. It guarantees accurate maintenance of
Patient details. It easily reduces the book keeping task and thus reduces the human effort and
increases accuracy speed.

FUTURE SCOPE :
We have very good future scope in this project it is a game changing in hospitals students
data in future because with the help of this project patients can book their doctor from home only
without waiting in queue and doctor can also see their medical history to treat patient and for
hospital to manage the queries of patients regarding hospital managemnet

CHAPTER 10

REFERENCES

1. PHP MySQL Website Programming: Problem - Design – Solution

byChris Lea, Mike Buzzard, DilipThomas ,Jessey White-Cinis
2. Beginning PHP5, Apache, and MySQL Web Development (Programmer
to Programmer) by Elizabeth Naramore
3. MySQL/PHP Database Applications, 2nd Edition by Brad Bulger
4. How to Do Everything with PHP and MySQL by VikramVaswani

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