PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY

URDANETA CAMPUS
CIVI ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
First Semester / SY: 2022 - 2023

INSTRUCTOR : ENGR. NORMAN L. RABOT, MSCE DATE: JAN. 3, 2022

SUBJECT/SECTION: CE 314 ENGINEEERING UTILITIES
SCHEDULE/TIME:

A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW
1) Introduction.
Our topic for this day is waste pipe and soil branch. It is important for the student to know the difference
of the waste pipe and soil pipe for them to have a proper lay-out and design and also to calculate the
size of the said waste pipe and soil pipe.

2) Activity 1: What I Know Chart.

What I Know Question: What I Learned (Activity 4)

1. Refers to horizontal pipe

affixed by the word soil. The
word soil connotes a pipe
receiving discharge from water
closet.

2. Any pipe in a drainage

installation that receives the
discharges of any fixture
except water closet and
conveys the same to the soil
pipe.

3. Any pipe that receives and

conveys discharges of water
closet, with or without the
discharge coming from other
fixtures to the house drain or
house sewer.

B.MAIN LESSON
1) Activity 2: Content Notes (13 mins)

The drainage installation of a plumbing (DWV) system composed of three major parts:
a. Drainage
b. Waste
c. Vent
 PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY
URDANETA CAMPUS
CIVI ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
First Semester / SY: 2022 - 2023

INSTRUCTOR : ENGR. NORMAN L. RABOT, MSCE DATE: JAN. 3, 2022

SUBJECT/SECTION: CE 314 ENGINEEERING UTILITIES
SCHEDULE/TIME:

Drainage pipe
Refers to an installation that receives and conveys discharges from water closet with or without waste
coming from other fixtures.

Waste pipe
Any pipe in a drainage installation that receives the discharges of any fixture except water closet and
conveys the same to the soil pipe.

Vent pipe
In plumbing system functions as air passage or conduit to ventilate the drainage and waste pipe
installation.

Soil branch
Refers to horizontal pipe affixed by the word soil. The word soil connotes a pipe receiving discharge
from water closet.

Soil stack
It is a vertical pipe installation where the soil branches terminate.

General condition for a good waste pipe installation

a. By making right choice of materials
b. By conservative use of fittings
c. Right location of cleanouts
d. Right slope or grade of the pipelines

2 classification of waste pipe

a. Direct waste
b. Indirect waste

Direct waste – is one with terminal directly connected to the plumbing system.
Different types if fixtures served by direct waste:
1. Urinals
a. Pedestal
b. Stall
c. Through
2. Bathtub
a. Silts
b. Foot
c. Bidet
3. Lavatories
a. Wall hung
b. Pedestal
 PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY
URDANETA CAMPUS
CIVI ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
First Semester / SY: 2022 - 2023

INSTRUCTOR : ENGR. NORMAN L. RABOT, MSCE DATE: JAN. 3, 2022

SUBJECT/SECTION: CE 314 ENGINEEERING UTILITIES
SCHEDULE/TIME:

c. Two pieces
4. Sink
a. Kitchen
b. Pantry
c. Slop
5. Showers
a. Single stall
b. Gang
6. Drinking fountains
7. Laboratory
8. Hospital fixture
9. Laundry

Indirect waste – refers to connection with terminal

not directly connected to the plumbing system.

Indirect waste:
1. Soda fountain
2. Bar waste
3. Refrigeration
4. Drinking fountain

Recommended minimum size of waste pipe(mm):

a. Sink waste 50
b. Slop sinks 75 or 100
c. Scullery sink 50
d. Pantry sink 38
e. Factory wash up sink 50
f. Bathtub 38 to 50
g. Lavatories 50
h. Shower bath 50
i. Urinal 50
j. Laundry tub 38 to 50
k. Drinking fountain 32
l. Lavatory waste 50
m. Hospital fixtures 50

Soil Pipe is any pipe that receives and conveys discharges of water closet, with or without the
discharge coming from other fixtures to the house drain or house sewer.

The National Plumbing Code on Soil Pipe provides:

 PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY
URDANETA CAMPUS
CIVI ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
First Semester / SY: 2022 - 2023

INSTRUCTOR : ENGR. NORMAN L. RABOT, MSCE DATE: JAN. 3, 2022

SUBJECT/SECTION: CE 314 ENGINEEERING UTILITIES
SCHEDULE/TIME:

1. That, at least one of the vertical stacks in the plumbing system must extend full size through the
roof for the following purpose:
a. To ventilate and dispose of sewer gas above the roof.
b. To prevent siphoning of the water trap seal by force suction.
c. To prevent the possibility of back pressure which may force the water seal off the fixture
trap.
2. Any structure with a house drain installed, must have at least one soil stack or stack vent,
extended full size above the roof not less than 30cm long and should not be less than 75mm
diameter or the size of the drain whichever is smaller.
3. As a general rule, vent stack must be extended and terminate through the roof of the building.
When the roof is to be used other than protection from the elements of weather, the vent stack
should be extended not less than 2m above the roof.

The Plumbing Code on soil pipe installation provides that:

1. The soil pipe shall be properly concealed or embedded in columns, walls or partitions, installed
prior to the construction of the buildings.
2. The entire installation in building such as location of the fixtures, thickness of the partitions,
location of doors and windows, drop ceiling, electrical layout and outlets and their relations
which each other shall be considered in the pre-planning stages prior to the rough-in work.
3. The soil branch that will directly receive waste from water closet shall be short and direct as
practicable.
4. Soil pipe joints shall be tight and free from liquid or gas leak. Installation workmanship shall be
strictly in accordance with the standard practice of the trade involved.
5. Soil pipes not embedded in concrete wall, columns or partitions shall be anchored rigidly by
means of metal hangers.
6. That changes from vertical to horizontal directions shall be done by using:
a. ¼ bend
b. Long sweep ¼ bend
c. Two 1/8 bend
d. Combination of wye and 1/8 bend

THE SOIL BRANCH

 PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY
URDANETA CAMPUS
CIVI ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
First Semester / SY: 2022 - 2023

INSTRUCTOR : ENGR. NORMAN L. RABOT, MSCE DATE: JAN. 3, 2022

SUBJECT/SECTION: CE 314 ENGINEEERING UTILITIES
SCHEDULE/TIME:

General conditions in installing Soil Branch:

1. The soil branch being concealed in floors, partition or lowered ceiling should be accessibly
provided with sufficient number of cleanouts.
2. Cleanout should be installed wherever changes in directions are made.
3. Cleanout should be the same in diameter as the soil branch.
4. Cleanout should be located at the farthest end of the branch away from the vertical soil pipe.
5. The use of short radius fittings on soil branch when making a change of direction such as short
sanitary tee, ¼ bend and short L short be avoided.
6. A long radius fitting shall be used for a horizontal to horizontal or vertical to horizontal change of
direction. In some instances, the use of short radius fitting is only permitted on a vertical to
horizontal change of direction.
7. Soil branch shall be graded properly and carefully aligned. Crooked joint should not be allowed.
8. The efficiency of a horizontal waste installation depends upon the scouring or self-cleaning
action for every discharge of waste. Soil branch having slope more than 2% fall has the
tendency of separating the solid waste from liquid waste.
 PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY
URDANETA CAMPUS
CIVI ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
First Semester / SY: 2022 - 2023

INSTRUCTOR : ENGR. NORMAN L. RABOT, MSCE DATE: JAN. 3, 2022

SUBJECT/SECTION: CE 314 ENGINEEERING UTILITIES
SCHEDULE/TIME:

Discharge Fixture Unit is the discharge of waste water of 1 cubic foot(30liters) interval 1 minute.
 PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY
URDANETA CAMPUS
CIVI ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
First Semester / SY: 2022 - 2023

INSTRUCTOR : ENGR. NORMAN L. RABOT, MSCE DATE: JAN. 3, 2022

SUBJECT/SECTION: CE 314 ENGINEEERING UTILITIES
SCHEDULE/TIME:

TABLE A: MINIMUM TRAP DIAMETERS AND DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT VALUES

Trap and Drainage

Item Trap arm Fixture
FIXURE
No. size Unit
(mm) (DFU)

1 Bath tubs 38 2
2 Bidets 38 2
3 Clothes washers* 51 2
4 Dental units and cuspidors 32 1
5 Drinking fountain 31 1
6 Floor drains 51 2
7 Interceptors* for grease, oil, etc. 51 3
8 Interceptors* for auto-wash, etc. 76 6
9 Laundry tubs 38 2
10 Mobile home park traps (one for each trailer) 76 6
Receptors* (floor sinks) indirect waste receptors for refrigerators,
38 1
11 coffee urns, water stations, etc.
Receptor* indirect waste receptors for commercial sinks,
51 3
12 dishwasher, air washer, etc.
13 Shower, single stall 51 2
14 Showers*, gang (one per head) 51 2
15 Sinks, and/or dishwashers (residential) 51mm min waste 38 2
16 Sinks, bar, commercial 51mm min waste 38 2
17 Sinks, bar, private 38mm min waste 38 1
Sinks, commercial or industrial, school, etc. including dishwasher,
38 8
18 wash up sinks, and wash fountains 50.8mm waste
19 Sink, flushing rim, clinic 76 6
20 Sink, service, slop sink 51 3
21 Urinal, pedestal, trap arm only 76 6
22 Urinal, stall, separate trap 51 2
23 urinal, wall mounted, integral trap, trap arm only 51 3
24 Urinal, wall-mounted, blowout, integral trap, tram arm only 76 6
Urinal, wall mounted, washdown or siphon jet, integral trap, trap arm
51 2
25 only
 PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY
URDANETA CAMPUS
CIVI ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
First Semester / SY: 2022 - 2023

INSTRUCTOR : ENGR. NORMAN L. RABOT, MSCE DATE: JAN. 3, 2022

SUBJECT/SECTION: CE 314 ENGINEEERING UTILITIES
SCHEDULE/TIME:

26 Urinal, wall-mounted, washout, separate trap 50.8mm min waste 38 2

27 Wash basin, in sets 38 2
28 Wash basin (lavatory) single 32 1
29 Water closet, private installation 76 4
30 Water closet, public installation 76 6

TABLE B: SIZE OF HORIZONTAL FIXTURE BRANCH AND STACK

Diameter of Maximum number of fixture units that may be connected to
pipe One branch Not over 3 branch Stack w/ 3 or more branches
horizontal intervals
mm (in) In 1 branch Total in
interval stack
32 1¼ 1 2 1 2
38 1½ 3 4 2 8
50 2 6 10 6 24
63 2½ 12 20 9 42
75 3 20 30 20 60
100 4 160 240 90 500
125 5 360 540 200 1100
150 6 620 960 360 1900
200 8 1400 2200 600 3600
250 10 2500 3800 1000 5600
300 12 3800 6000 1500 8400

Sample Problem:
1. Determine the size of a horizontal waste pipe to serve 5 urinals(wall mounted, integral trap, trap arm
only), 3 lavatories(single), 8 showers(single stall), and 2 slop sinks.
a. Find the total fixture unit using Table A.
5 urinals x 3units = 15 units
3 lavatories x 1unit = 3 units
8 showers x 2 units = 16 units
2 slop sink x 3 units = 6 units
Total = 40 units

b. Referring to Table B, under the column of one horizontal branch, 40 units could be well served
 PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY
URDANETA CAMPUS
CIVI ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
First Semester / SY: 2022 - 2023

INSTRUCTOR : ENGR. NORMAN L. RABOT, MSCE DATE: JAN. 3, 2022

SUBJECT/SECTION: CE 314 ENGINEEERING UTILITIES
SCHEDULE/TIME:

by 100mm (4”).

c. So, use 100mm(4”) waste pipe.

2. Determine the size of a horizontal waste pipe to serve 3 water closet(public), 5 urinals (wall
mounted, integral trap, trap arm only), 3 lavatories(single), 4 showers (single stall), and 2 slop sinks,
2 floor drains.
a. Find the total fixture unit using Table A.
3 water closet x 6units = 18 units
5 urinals x 3units = 15 units
3 lavatories x 1unit = 3 units
4 showers x 2 units = 8 units
2 slop sink x 3 units = 6 units
2 Floor drain x 2 units = 4 units
Total = 54 units

b. Referring to Table B, under the column of one horizontal branch, 54 units could be well served
by 100mm (4”).

c. So, use 100mm (4”) waste pipe.

Note: “No water closet shall discharge into a drain less than 75mm (3”)

3. Determine the size of stack pipe for four typical floor plan (2nd to fifth floor) that will served: 3 water
closet(public), 5 urinals (wall mounted, integral trap, trap arm only), 3 lavatories(single), 4 showers
(single stall), and 2 slop sinks, 2 floor drains in each floor level.
a. Find the total fixture unit using Table A.
3 water closet x 6units = 18 units
5 urinals x 3units = 15 units
3 lavatories x 1unit = 3 units
4 showers x 2 units = 8 units
2 slop sink x 3 units = 6 units
2 Floor drain x 2 units = 4 units
Total = 54 units

b. Total fixture unit = 54units x 4 = 216 units

c. Referring to Table B. under Total in Stack 216 units is in between 60 and 500 fixture units which
could be served by 100mm (4”)

d. So, use 100mm (4”) soil stack.

 PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY
URDANETA CAMPUS
CIVI ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
First Semester / SY: 2022 - 2023

INSTRUCTOR : ENGR. NORMAN L. RABOT, MSCE DATE: JAN. 3, 2022

SUBJECT/SECTION: CE 314 ENGINEEERING UTILITIES
SCHEDULE/TIME:

2. Activity 3: Skill-building Activities (with answer key) (18 mins + 2 mins checking)
Exercise A. Identification.
1. Refers to horizontal pipe affixed by the word soil. The word soil connotes a pipe
receiving discharge from water closet.
2. Fixture unit of bath tub.
3. It is a vertical pipe installation where the soil branches terminate.
4. Refers to an installation that receives and conveys discharges from water closet
with or without waste coming from other fixtures.
5. Fixture unit of water closet (private installation).
6. In plumbing system functions as air passage or conduit to ventilate the drainage
and waste pipe installation.
7. Fixture unit of shower (single stall).
8. Any pipe in a drainage installation that receives the discharges of any fixture
except water closet and conveys the same to the soil pipe.
9. Fixture unit of kitchen sink (residential).
10. Minimum waste pipe for urinal.
11. Minimum waste pipe for sink.
12. Minimum waste pipe for drinking fountain.
13. Minimum waste pipe for lavatory.
14. Fixture unit of floor drain.
15. It is the discharge of waste water of 1 cubic foot in one minute interval.

Exercise B. Given Floor plan, determine the size of the soil branch that runs on X-X.
 PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY
URDANETA CAMPUS
CIVI ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
First Semester / SY: 2022 - 2023

INSTRUCTOR : ENGR. NORMAN L. RABOT, MSCE DATE: JAN. 3, 2022

SUBJECT/SECTION: CE 314 ENGINEEERING UTILITIES
SCHEDULE/TIME:

1. Activity 4: What I Know Chart, part 2 (2 mins)

{This serves as the student’s review and summary of what was learned from the session. The teacher
asks students to monitor how their knowledge has changed by reviewing the questions in the What I
Know Chart from Activity 1 and write their answers to the questions based on what they now know in
the third column of the chart.}

2. Activity 5: Check for Understanding (5 mins)

Given typical Floor plan, determine the size of the soil branch that runs on X-X and size of the soil
stack that will served 4 typical floors(2nd to 5th floor)
 PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY
URDANETA CAMPUS
CIVI ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
First Semester / SY: 2022 - 2023

INSTRUCTOR : ENGR. NORMAN L. RABOT, MSCE DATE: JAN. 3, 2022

SUBJECT/SECTION: CE 314 ENGINEEERING UTILITIES
SCHEDULE/TIME: