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NAME: SITTI BARAINI

MATRIC NO.: BC21110080

PROGRAMME BACHELOR OF ARTS WITH HONOURS


(CREATIVE ARTS)

CODE SUBJECT UB 00302

COURSE NAME READING AND WRITING IN ENGLISH

SECTION 35

ESSAY TITLE TOXIC WASTE

LECTURER NAME MISS ELMI PATREK


Oceans, which account for 70 percent of the surface of our planet, play
a pivotal role in the health of our planet and those who inhabit it.
Unfortunately, our oceans are polluted. According to the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, billions of pounds of trash and other pollutants
enter our oceans every year. The monumental impacts of this are far-
reaching. In this post, we’re taking a closer look at the various causes of
ocean pollution, its effects and the steps we can take to combat it. There are
many causes of ocean pollution. Of all the facts, there is one constant most
pollution in our oceans begins on land and is caused by humans. Here are
some of the major causes of ocean pollution.
First, intentional discharge. Manufacturing plants in some areas of the
world release toxic waste into the ocean, including mercury. While it’s
intentionally being released into the sea, sewage also contributes to ocean
pollution, as well as plastic products. According to Ocean Conservancy, eight
million metric tons of plastic goes into our oceans every year.
Secondly, killing aquatic life. Already two-thirds of aquatic life is
considered to be an endangered species because of improperly disposed
chemicals and other waste. However, businesses do not have to dump
chemicals into water sources for the effects to be seen. Anytime you dump or
release chemical waste, it will have an effect. As it rains, those chemicals are
washed into rivers, which feeds the waterfalls and then goes into the ocean.
When a toxic waste harms one organism, it can end up destroying an entire
food chain of aquatic life. Improperly disposed chemicals pollute marine life
and kills sea mammals, corals, and fish. At the same time, sea birds are
affected because they eat the fish. In a matter of fact, any organism that
digests affected marine life can have adverse effects.
After that, oil spill. Spilling of oil from tankers and offshore rigs in the
oceanic area is also another example of sea pollution. Several of such oil spills
from tanker ships after accidents, including Deepwater Horizon, Gulf War oil
spill and Atlantic Empress, have shown us the extent of the damages the
spills can do to the ecosystems. Spilling of oil can happen inadvertently where
small doses of oil are leaked into the oceans by the tanker ships or in a
massive scale where gallons and gallons of oil are leaked into the water
surface of the ocean after the collision of vessels or capsizing.
Ocean pollution causes killing mammals. The adverse effects of marine
pollution are two-fold. Marine creatures and plants bear the brunt of the
harmful substances in the dumped materials. The wastes that are dumped
into the oceans tend to have toxic substances, which soak in all the oceanic
oxygen. This leads to a marked depletion of oxygen available to mammals
and other fishes causing them to die in their natural habitat. Every year,
according to reports, more than one million seabirds are being killed by ocean

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pollution. In addition, thousands of dolphins and porpoises are dying every
year due to increased human intervention.
Last but not least, the presence of harmful wastes in the waters make
impacts on the food habits and health of human being because it spoils the
food chain and fails the reproductive system of fish and other aquatic beings.
Also, in case the dumping ground is closer to areas where fishing is the main
scale activity and if the toxic substances get consumed by the fishes which
get deposited and accumulated in their fat tissues, then the humans
consuming these affected fishes can face unwanted complications.

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