Algebra
Algebra
A square matrix A is symmetric if A = A A square matrix A is skew symmetric if A = - A Square matrix = symmetric matrix + skew symmetric matrix i.e A = (A +A ) +1/2 ( A A) Area of the triangle with vertices (x1y1), (x2,y2)and (x3y3)is given by = x1 y1 1 x2 y2 1 x 3 y3 1 x 1 y1 1 x2 y2 1 =0 x 3 y3 1
6. Minor of an element of a determinant : Minor of an element aij of a determinant is a determinant obtained by deleting the ith row and jth column of a given determinant. Minor of a element aij is denoted by Mij. 7. Co factor of an element of a determinant. Ca factor of an element aij of a determinant & denoted by Aij, is given by Aij = (-1)i+j Mij where Mij is minor of an element aij. 8. For Singular matrix,
A
=0
( a j . A) d
A 2
11. (AB) -1 = B-1 A-1 12. Solution of system of equations using Matrices Let the given system be a1x+b1y+c1z = d1 a2x+b2y+c2z =d2 a3x+b3y+c3z = d3 A= a1 b1 c1 X= x ; B= d1 a2 b2 c2 ; y d2 a3 b3 c3 z d3 AX=B is matrix equation . Its solution is X= A-1 B
QUESTION BANK(MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS) 4 MARKS QUESTIONS MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS 1. Solve the following system of equation by matrix method: 2x y + 3z = 5 3x + 2y z = 7 4x + 5y 5z = 9 2. Prove that a+b b+c c+a b+c c+a a+b c+a a+b b+c = a b c
2 b c a c a b
3. Using properties of determinants, show that: 1 a 1 b 1 c a2-bc b2-ca = 0 c2-ab 2 -2 -4 -1 3 4 1 -2 -3 5. Obtain the inverse of the following matrix using elementary operations: A= 3 4 1 2 6. Solve the following stem of equation using matrix method: 3x + 4y + 2z = 8, 2y 3z = 3, x -2y + 6z = -2 7. If A = 3 1 show that A2 _ 5A + 7I = 0. Hence find A-1 -1 2 , as the sum of a symmetric and a
8. Prove the following by the principle of Mathematical Induction: If A = 3 -4 then 1 -1 An = 1+2n n -4n , when n N 1-2n
9. If A = 0 1 Prove that (aI + bA)n = anI + nan-1bA. Where I is a unit matrix of order 2 and n is a 0 1 , positive integer.
10. Using properties of determinants, prove that: a+b+2c a b c b+c+2a b = 2(a+b+c)3 c a c+a+2b
show that a + b + c = 0 or a = b = c. 12. Using properties of determinants evaluate: x y x+y y x+y x x+y x y 2 13. Using elementary transforms, find the inverse of -6 1
-2
14. Using properties of determinants, prove that: -bc b2+bc 2 a +ac -ac a2+ab b2+ab c2+bc c2+ac = (ab+bc+ac)3 -ab
19. If A = 3 2 , find the value of a and b such that A2+Aa+bI = 0, Hence find A1
2a 2b c-a-b
= (a+b+c)3
21. If A = 0 tan
tan
1 0
cos
-sin
cos
22. Using properties of determinants prove that: y+z z+x x+y x z y y x = (x+y+z) (x-z)2 z
25. If A = 3 7
Solve the following equations by matrix method 2x + y + 2z =3 x + y + 2z =2 2x +3y - z= -2 1 3) If A= 2 3 4) Show that 2 3 -3 -3 2 -4 1+a 1 1
1 find A and hence solve the system of linear equations x +2y - 3z = 4 2x + 3y +2z = 2 3x- 3y- 4z =11 1 1
1+b 1
1 1+ c
= abc (1 +
1 1 1 + + ) a b c
5) Obtain the inverse of the following matrix by using elementary transformations 0 1 2 A= 1 2 3 3 1 1 6) Using matrices, solve the following system of linear equations: x+y+z =4, 2x y+z= -1, 2x +y- 3z = -9
1 7) Find A by using elementary row transformations
A= 8) Given A= 1 2 1
1 2 -2 -1 1 1
2 5 -4 1 -3 1
3 7 -5
1 , find A and hence solve the system of equations: x+2y+z =4, -x +y+z= 0, x - 3y+ z = 2
9) Using elementary transformations, find the inverse of the matrix 1 3 -2 -3 0 -5 2 5 0 10) Find the matrix P satisfying the matrix equation
1 2 2 3
1 P 2
3 5
2 = 3
2 1
A=
2 3
11) Let
1 , 4
B=
5 7
2 , 4
C=
2 3
5 8
1 , then find A , and hence solve the system of linear equations 3x+ 4y + 2z =14, 2x y + 3z=4, x+ 2y - 3 z = 0
13) If A= 2 -1 1 and B= 3 1 -1 -1 2 -1 1 3 1 1 2 2 -1 1 3 Find the product AB and use this result in solving the system of linear equations 2x y + z = -1, -x + 2y z = 4, x - y+ 2z = -3 14) If A= 2 -1 1 -1 2 -1 1 -1 2 15) If A= 1 1 1 3 4 3 4 3 3
, verify that
A. adj.A=
16) Solve the system of linear equations by matrix method. x-2y=10, 2x +y+3z = 8, -2y+ z = 7
17) Using the elementary row transformation, find the inverse of the matrix 2 0 -1 5 1 0 0 1 3 18) Find A-1 if A= 1 0 0 19) If A=
3 1
0 cos sin
0 sin - cos
+ y + =4 z
9 6 20 + y =2 x z
1 0
6 4 5 - y + =1 x z
and