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Algebra

1. The document defines matrices and determinants and provides various formulas and properties related to them, such as: a matrix being symmetric if it is equal to its transpose, and being skew-symmetric if it is equal to the negative of its transpose. It also provides formulas for the area of a triangle, conditions for collinear points, definitions of minors and cofactors of a determinant, and formulas for inverses of matrices. 2. It provides 20 sample problems involving matrices and determinants, ranging from proving properties to finding inverses and solving systems of linear equations using matrices.

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Nirmal Prasad
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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151 views7 pages

Algebra

1. The document defines matrices and determinants and provides various formulas and properties related to them, such as: a matrix being symmetric if it is equal to its transpose, and being skew-symmetric if it is equal to the negative of its transpose. It also provides formulas for the area of a triangle, conditions for collinear points, definitions of minors and cofactors of a determinant, and formulas for inverses of matrices. 2. It provides 20 sample problems involving matrices and determinants, ranging from proving properties to finding inverses and solving systems of linear equations using matrices.

Uploaded by

Nirmal Prasad
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Matrices and Determinants Definitions and formula 1. 2. 3. 4.

A square matrix A is symmetric if A = A A square matrix A is skew symmetric if A = - A Square matrix = symmetric matrix + skew symmetric matrix i.e A = (A +A ) +1/2 ( A A) Area of the triangle with vertices (x1y1), (x2,y2)and (x3y3)is given by = x1 y1 1 x2 y2 1 x 3 y3 1 x 1 y1 1 x2 y2 1 =0 x 3 y3 1

5. If points (x1 ,y1) , (x2,y2), (x3,y3) are collinear then

6. Minor of an element of a determinant : Minor of an element aij of a determinant is a determinant obtained by deleting the ith row and jth column of a given determinant. Minor of a element aij is denoted by Mij. 7. Co factor of an element of a determinant. Ca factor of an element aij of a determinant & denoted by Aij, is given by Aij = (-1)i+j Mij where Mij is minor of an element aij. 8. For Singular matrix,
A

=0
( a j . A) d

9. If A is a square matrix of order 3x3, then 10. A-1 = Adj A


A

A 2

11. (AB) -1 = B-1 A-1 12. Solution of system of equations using Matrices Let the given system be a1x+b1y+c1z = d1 a2x+b2y+c2z =d2 a3x+b3y+c3z = d3 A= a1 b1 c1 X= x ; B= d1 a2 b2 c2 ; y d2 a3 b3 c3 z d3 AX=B is matrix equation . Its solution is X= A-1 B

QUESTION BANK(MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS) 4 MARKS QUESTIONS MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS 1. Solve the following system of equation by matrix method: 2x y + 3z = 5 3x + 2y z = 7 4x + 5y 5z = 9 2. Prove that a+b b+c c+a b+c c+a a+b c+a a+b b+c = a b c

2 b c a c a b

3. Using properties of determinants, show that: 1 a 1 b 1 c a2-bc b2-ca = 0 c2-ab 2 -2 -4 -1 3 4 1 -2 -3 5. Obtain the inverse of the following matrix using elementary operations: A= 3 4 1 2 6. Solve the following stem of equation using matrix method: 3x + 4y + 2z = 8, 2y 3z = 3, x -2y + 6z = -2 7. If A = 3 1 show that A2 _ 5A + 7I = 0. Hence find A-1 -1 2 , as the sum of a symmetric and a

4. Express the matrix B = skew symmetric matrix.

8. Prove the following by the principle of Mathematical Induction: If A = 3 -4 then 1 -1 An = 1+2n n -4n , when n N 1-2n

9. If A = 0 1 Prove that (aI + bA)n = anI + nan-1bA. Where I is a unit matrix of order 2 and n is a 0 1 , positive integer.

10. Using properties of determinants, prove that: a+b+2c a b c b+c+2a b = 2(a+b+c)3 c a c+a+2b

11. If a, b, and c are real numbers, and

b+c c+a a+b c+a a+b b+c = 0 a+b b+c c+a

show that a + b + c = 0 or a = b = c. 12. Using properties of determinants evaluate: x y x+y y x+y x x+y x y 2 13. Using elementary transforms, find the inverse of -6 1

-2

14. Using properties of determinants, prove that: -bc b2+bc 2 a +ac -ac a2+ab b2+ab c2+bc c2+ac = (ab+bc+ac)3 -ab

1 3 5 15. Express A = -6 8 3 matrix. -4 6 5

as the sum of a symmetric and a skew symmetric

16. By using properties of determinants, show that: a2+1 ab ca ab ac 2 b +1 bc = 1+a2+b2+c2 cb c2+1

17. If A = 2 3 and B = 1 -2 , then verify (AB)-1 = B-1A-1 1 -4 -1 3

18. Using properties of determinants, show that: 1 1 a b a3 b3 1 c = (a-b)(b-c)(c-a)(a+b+c) c3

19. If A = 3 2 , find the value of a and b such that A2+Aa+bI = 0, Hence find A1

1 1 20. Using properties of determinants, show that: a-b-c 2a 2b b-c-a 2c 2c

2a 2b c-a-b

= (a+b+c)3

21. If A = 0 tan

tan

1 0

cos

-sin

and I = 0 1 ,show that (I+A) = (I-A) sin 0

cos

22. Using properties of determinants prove that: y+z z+x x+y x z y y x = (x+y+z) (x-z)2 z

23. Prove that a2 2ab b2 b2 a2 2ab = (a3+b3)2 2ab b2 a2

24. Prove: a a+b 2a 3a+2b 3a 6a+3b a+b+c 4a+3b+2c = a3 10a+6b+3c

25. If A = 3 7

1 5 , find x and y such that A2+xI = yA. Hence find A-1

QUESTION BANK Matrices and Determinants (6 Marks Questions)


a c

1) Find the inverse of the matrix A= I=aA 2)

1 1 + bc and show that aA =(a2 +bc+ 1) c

Solve the following equations by matrix method 2x + y + 2z =3 x + y + 2z =2 2x +3y - z= -2 1 3) If A= 2 3 4) Show that 2 3 -3 -3 2 -4 1+a 1 1
1 find A and hence solve the system of linear equations x +2y - 3z = 4 2x + 3y +2z = 2 3x- 3y- 4z =11 1 1

1+b 1

1 1+ c

= abc (1 +

1 1 1 + + ) a b c

5) Obtain the inverse of the following matrix by using elementary transformations 0 1 2 A= 1 2 3 3 1 1 6) Using matrices, solve the following system of linear equations: x+y+z =4, 2x y+z= -1, 2x +y- 3z = -9
1 7) Find A by using elementary row transformations

A= 8) Given A= 1 2 1

1 2 -2 -1 1 1

2 5 -4 1 -3 1

3 7 -5
1 , find A and hence solve the system of equations: x+2y+z =4, -x +y+z= 0, x - 3y+ z = 2

9) Using elementary transformations, find the inverse of the matrix 1 3 -2 -3 0 -5 2 5 0 10) Find the matrix P satisfying the matrix equation
1 2 2 3

1 P 2

3 5

2 = 3

2 1
A=
2 3

11) Let

Find a matrix D, such that CD AB = 0 12) If A= 3 4 7 2 -1 3 1 2 -3

1 , 4

B=

5 7

2 , 4

C=

2 3

5 8

1 , then find A , and hence solve the system of linear equations 3x+ 4y + 2z =14, 2x y + 3z=4, x+ 2y - 3 z = 0

13) If A= 2 -1 1 and B= 3 1 -1 -1 2 -1 1 3 1 1 2 2 -1 1 3 Find the product AB and use this result in solving the system of linear equations 2x y + z = -1, -x + 2y z = 4, x - y+ 2z = -3 14) If A= 2 -1 1 -1 2 -1 1 -1 2 15) If A= 1 1 1 3 4 3 4 3 3

, verify that A3 - 6A2 + 9A - 4I=0, hence find A-1

, verify that

A. adj.A=

I. Also find A-1

16) Solve the system of linear equations by matrix method. x-2y=10, 2x +y+3z = 8, -2y+ z = 7

17) Using the elementary row transformation, find the inverse of the matrix 2 0 -1 5 1 0 0 1 3 18) Find A-1 if A= 1 0 0 19) If A=
3 1

0 cos sin

0 sin - cos

1 2 -1 , show that A - 5A +7I=0. Hence find A 2

20) Solve the following system by matrix method


2 x

+ y + =4 z
9 6 20 + y =2 x z

1 0

6 4 5 - y + =1 x z

and

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