A Activity
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A Activity
ACTIVITY No. 1
CE 137 – Hydrology
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering w/ Specializations in:
2003 - MA (SMC)
- Educational Management
- Educational Psychology
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09154842322 - Globe
Course Description:
The course deals on the hydrologic cycle and the different
processes such as precipitation, evaporation, infiltration, overland flow,
groundwater flow and surface runoff generation.
Course Outcomes:
At the end the course, the student must be able to:
Course Objectives:
1. The course will focus on explaining the background of Applied
hydrology,
2. The application of hydrology in different engineering structures.
3. Students will gain experience by solving problem assignments
throughout the semesters.
Course Outline:
1. Definition of Hydrology;
2. The Hydrologic Cycle;
3. Precipitation;
4. Infiltration;
5. Evaporation;
7. Rainfall-Runoff Relation
8.6. Infiltration;
8.7. Streamflow;
Reference Books:
Author, Title, Publisher, Place of Publication, Date of Publication
1. Definition of Hydrology;
Hydrology --- the branch of science concerned with the properties
of the earth's water, and especially its movement in relation to land.
Branches of hydrology
hydrologist
civil engineering
Branches of hydrology
Climate Records.
Flood maps.
Hydrological summaries.
MORECS.
Hydrologists study how water moves across and through the Earth's
crust. They study how rain, snow, and other forms of precipitation
impact river flows or groundwater levels, and how surface water
and groundwater evaporate back into the atmosphere or eventually
reach the oceans.
water cycle, also called hydrologic cycle, cycle that involves the
continuous circulation of water in the Earth-atmosphere system. Of
the many processes involved in the water cycle, the most important
are evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, and
runoff.
Hydrological Disasters
The concept of hydrology was described in both the old Greek (e.g.
Aristotle) and Roman (e.g. Marcus Vitruvius) cultures, where
impressive water engineering projects were developed, such as
aqueducts and bridges.
1.1.1. Water,
society, and
ecology
Water influences the
intensity of climate variability and
change. It is the key part of
extreme events such as drought
and floods. Its abundance and
timely delivery are critical for
meeting the needs of society and
ecosystems.
3. EVAPORATION.
Evaporation is the process by which a liquid turns into a gas.
It is also one of the three main steps in the global water cycle.
Evaporation on a Farm
4. CONDENSATION.
Is rain a condensation?
Condensation is the process through which gaseous water vapor
becomes liquid water. A common misconception about
condensation is that rain is a form of condensation. However,
rain is actually a result of condensation. Condensation can
happen in one of two ways: saturation or cooling to the dew
point.
5. PRECIPITATION.
(4.) rainy, and (5.)stormy. Below you will find out about the different
types of weather we experience on a day-to-day basis as a result of the
global weather system.
1. drizzle.
Fairly uniform precipitation composed exclusively of fine
drops very close together. Drizzle appears to float while
following air currents, but unlike fog droplets, it falls to the
ground. Quite often fog and drizzle occur together.
2. rain.
Most commonly observed, drops larger than drizzle (0.02
inch / 0.5 mm or more) are considered rain. However, smaller
drops are also considered raindrops if, in contrast to drizzle,
they are widely separated.
3. rainfall.
4. rainstorm.
-------a storm with heavy rain.
What is a major
rainstorm called?
downpour. nountremendous pouring of rain.
cloudburst. deluge.
What is a severe
rainstorm?
When they contain strong winds, hail and
tornadoes they can turn violent. NOAA classifies
a storm as “severe” when it produces wind gusts
of at least 58 mph and/or hail one inch in
diameter (about the size of a quarter) or larger
and/or a tornado. A single thunderstorm can be 10
miles wide and 50,000 feet tall. ( NOAA)
1. The single-cell.
2. The multi-cell.
3. The squall line.
4. The supercell.
Is rainstorm a weather?
A rainstorm is a type of extreme weather which can produce heavy rain, poor
visibility, and sometimes thunder and lightning. Rainstorms are formed
sometimes from large weather systems (hurricanes, cyclones, etc.). As the
weather systems move inland and start dissipating, they lose energy.
7. storm.
8. cloudburst.
What is the meaning of cloudburst?
Cloudburst, a sudden, very heavy rainfall, usually
local in nature and of brief duration. Most so-called
cloudbursts occur in connection with thunderstorms. In
these storms there are violent uprushes of air, which at
times prevent the condensing raindrops from falling to the
ground.
What is cloud burst and why it
happens?
Cloudbursts happen when drenched clouds are not
able to cause rain because of the rising movement of the
extremely hot current of air. Rather than falling down,
raindrops get larger in dimension and are forced up
because of the air current.
12. Hail
Precipitation in the form of small balls or other pieces of
ice falling separately or frozen together in irregular lumps.
Associated with thunderstorms, individual hail stones are ¼ inch
(5 mm) or greater in diameter. Hail sizes of 1 inch (2.5 cm) or
5. INTERCEPTION.
Interception
1. gross rainfall measured above the canopy
or in openings in a forest.
Interception refers to
precipitation that does not reach the
soil, but is instead intercepted by
the leaves, branches of plants and
the forest floor . It occurs in the canopy (i.e.
canopy interception ), and in the forest floor
or litter layer (i.e. forest floor interception ).
Which is an example of
interception?
Interception might take the form of unauthorized file
viewing or copying, eavesdropping on phone conversations,
or reading e-mail, and can be conducted against data at rest
or in motion.
6. INFILTRATION.
What are the process of
infiltration?
Infiltration is the process of water entry into the
soil through the earth's surface. The water at the soil
surface can originate from rain, snowmelt or anthropogenic
activities (e.g. to regulate groundwater formation by
artificial infiltration).
percolate.
7. PERCOLATION.
What is the meaning of
percolation?
the process of a liquid moving
slowly through a substance that has
very small holes in it: the percolation
of water through rocks . the process
of something spreading slowly: So
far we haven't seen much
percolation of higher energy prices
through to retail . Movement of
liquids .
What is percolation in
agriculture?
Percolation is the downward movement of water
within soil. The rate of percolation is affected by soil
characteristics, with water moving through coarser soils
more quickly than through fine- grained soils.
Transpiration (water
transport ) involves three
processes : absorption at the
roots , capillary action in the
xylem , and evaporation at the
leaves . Roots acquire dissolved minerals in a
four-step process: •Active transport into the root
hairs, which moves minerals against their
concentration gradient.
4. Precipitation;
bb
5. Infiltration;
6. PERCOLATION.
5. Evaporation;
Rainfall-Runoff Relation
8.6. Infiltration;
8.7. Streamflow;