CHAPTER 2 ASSESSMENT

A. Preparatory Activity
1. History
- Human past studies are described in documents left by humans. The past, in which complex
decisions and events, the dead and stories of participants are told, is recognized by the general
public as an unchanging foundation on which historians and archaeologists stand. However, as
a provider of the past, historians recognize that the bedrock is actually quicksand, part of all the
stories are not told, and what is told is shaped by today's circumstances. doing. It's safe to say
that history is a study of the past, but here's a much clearer and more accurate collection of
explanations.

2. Prehistoric

- Prehistory refers to the time before civilization and writing. We don't know much about history.
Prehistoric times mean "before" and history is a record of human events, so prehistoric times are
the time before human civilization develops and begins to write things. Prehistoric, the vast
period of time before written records or human documentation, includes the Neolithic
Revolution, Neanderthals and Denisovans, Stonehenge, the Ice Age and more.

3. Society
- Society is a group of individuals who are characterized by common interests and may have
different cultures and institutions. "Society" may refer to a particular ethnic group, such as the
Nuer, a nation-state, such as Switzerland, or a broader cultural group, such as Western society.
A group of organized people united for religious, philanthropic, cultural, scientific, political,
patriotic, or other reasons can also be considered a society.

4. Ethnicities
- Ethnicity is an identity based on the assumptions of shared history and cultural heritage. Ethnic
identity is shaped by both ethnic affiliation and ethnic attribution. Ethnicity refers to the feeling of
belonging to a group and the characteristics of the group as defined by its members. Ethnic
attribution is related to the characteristics of the group defined by outsiders.
Ethnicity or ethnic group is a term of attribution identity given to a group or category defined by
a unique cultural attribute such as language or religion. They are often, but not always,
categorized within their society.
5. Social Process
- Social processes are the way individuals and groups interact, adapt, readjust, and build
relationships and behavioral patterns, which are altered by social interactions. The concept of
social processes refers to some of the common and repetitive forms that social interactions can
take. Interaction or interaction is the essence of social life. Interactions between individuals and
groups occur in the form of social processes. Social processes are a repetitive form of social
interaction.

Outcome-Based Assessments
1. Construct a timeline illustrating sequence of the major event that happened during the prehistoric
period in Southeast Asia from Paleolithic period to the age of Pottery Culture. Make a short explanation
bellow on it.

Agrarian
Anatomically kingdoms had
modern human by around 500
hunter-gatherer BCE developed Between
migration into an economy 1,000 BCE and
Southeast Asia based on 100 CE the Sa
before 50,000 surplus crop Huỳnh culture
years ago has cultivation and flourished
been confirmed moderate along the
by the coastal trade of south-central
combined fossil domestic coast of
record of the natural Vietnam
region. products

Paleolithic
Neolithic Early Agricultural Bronze Age
Migrations Societies Pottery Culture
Southeast Asia

Austronesian
Earliest known
expansion,
copper and bronze
which began
production in
at around
Southeast Asia has
5,500 BP
been found at the
(3500 BC)
site of Ban Chiang
from Taiwan
in North-east
and coastal
Thailand and
southern
among the Phung
China.
Nguyen culture of
northern Vietnam
around 2000 BCE.
2. Identify some of the races and ethnicities in Southeast Asia with their location and any
information about them by completing the table below:

Ethnic Group Location Any Information About Them

- Austro-Asiatic - Thailand, India, - Khmer and Vietnamese are the
Bangladesh, Nepal, and most important of the Austroasiatic
southern China languages in terms of numbers of
speakers. They are also the only
national languages Khmer of
Cambodia, Vietnamese of
Vietnam of the Austroasiatic stock.

- Austronesian - Taiwan, Maritime - Constituting a family of

Southeast Asia, Micronesia, languages spoken in the area
coastal New Guinea, Island extending from Madagascar
Melanesia, Polynesia, and eastward through the Malay
Madagascar Peninsula and Archipelago to
Hawaii and Easter Island and
including practically all the native
languages of the Pacific islands
except for the Australian and
Papuan languages.
- Negrito Peoples - Andaman Islands, Malay - Negrito is the collective term to
Peninsula, and several refer to the Filipino Indigenous
islands in the Philippines peoples with a hunter-gatherer
background, including the Agta,
Aeta, Ati, Ata and Batak peoples.
- Sino-Tibetan - Nepal, India, Pakistan, - The term Sino-Tibetan seems to
western Sichuan, Yunnan have been used first
and nearby areas in by R. Shafer (1939-41, 1966/67),
northern Myanmar, who conceived of it as a tripartite
Thailand, Laos and Vietnam linguistic stock comprising
Chinese, Tibeto-Burman (TB), and
Tai (= "Daic").

- Kra-Dai - Southern China, Hainan - Kra-Dai, also known as Tai–

Island, Indochina, and Kadai, Daic, and Kadai, is a family
Northeast India of diverse languages found in
southern China, northeast India,
and Southeast Asia.
 3. Complete the diagram by indicating the development and advantages of the way of life of the people
living the societies having the kind of subsistence strategy connecting on it.

Subsistence Strategies Development and Advantages of the Way of

Life

A foraging subsistence strategy requires large amounts of edible plant growth to

sustain itself and plentiful prey to hunt for meat. Foragers need to live a nomadic
Foraging lifestyle. They must move constantly to follow the growing season in different
geographical regions and the migration patterns of their animal-based food source.

however, dramatic land-use transformations have generated social, economic, and

ecological impacts that have affected the extent, practice and outcomes of swidden in
Swidden the region. While certain socio-ecological trends are clear, how these broader land-use
changes impact upon local livelihoods and ecosystem services remains uncertain.
Agriculture

the growing of rice in flooded fields called padi fields in Indonesia. Its traditional form
is found throughout Southeast Asia southern China, Japan, north and South Korea,
Traditional Wet Rice Indonesia, and many other tropical regions. Only after an adaption over thousands of
Cultivation years, sophisticated wet rice sorts were bred artificially.

the process of using agricultural machinery to mechanize the work of agriculture,

greatly increasing farm worker productivity. In modern times, powered machinery has
Mechanized replaced many farm jobs formerly carried out by manual labor or by working animals
Agriculture such as oxen, horses and mules.

4. Define the following concepts by using your own words:

A. Bands - is the form of political organization found among foragers and hunters comprising
anywhere between twenty people and a few hundred people, who are related through kinship.
Because foraging has been the most long-standing form of political organization, these units come
together at certain times of the year, depending upon their foraging patterns and ritual schedule.
Band membership is flexible. If a person has serious disagreement with another person, one
option is to leave that band and join another. Leadership is informal, and no one person is named
as a permanent leader. Depending on events, such as organizing the group to relocate or to send
people out to hunt, a particular person may come to the fore as a leader for that time. This is
usually someone whose advice and knowledge about the task are especially respected.
B. State - State is a form of political organization with a bureaucracy and diversified governmental
institutions with varying degrees of centralized control. The state is now the form of political
organization in which all people live. Band organizations, tribes, and chiefdoms exist, but they are
incorporated within state structures. A census allows the state to maintain formal taxation
systems, military recruitment, and policy planning, including population settlement, immigration
quotas, and social benefits such as old-age pensions.

C. Theater State - a theater state is a political state whose purpose is to perform drama and ritual
rather than more conventional ends such as war and welfare. The power of the theatrical state is
demonstrated through the spectacle. The term was coined by Clifford Geertz in 1980 in
connection with political practices in Bali's Negara in the 19th century, but its use has since
expanded.

D. Oligarchies - oligarchy, government by the few, especially despotic power exercised by a small
and privileged group for corrupt or selfish purposes. Oligarchies in which members of the ruling
group are wealthy or exercise their power through their wealth are known as plutocracies.

E. Authoritarian State - Authoritarian states have generally repressive politics towards the media:
either the media become instruments for the incumbent regimes, or they are heavily censored.
The distinction between authoritarian and democratic not coincidental with the degree of state
intervention but is characterized by the distance between authorities and media institutions in
terms of editorial influence.