MYSQL DATABASE

ADMINISTRATION
With Top-Rated SQL Instructor John Pauler

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 COURSE STRUCTURE

This is a project-based course, for students looking for a practical, hands-on,

and highly engaging approach to learning MySQL database administration

Additional resources include:

Downloadable Ebook to serve as a helpful reference when you’re offline or on the go

Quizzes & Homework Exercises to test and reinforce key concepts, with step-by-step solutions

Bonus Projects to test your abilities and apply the skills developed throughout the course

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 COURSE OUTLINE
1 Introduction & Setup Discuss relational databases, download MySQL Community
Server and Workbench, and create the project databases

2 Creating Schemas & Tables Create and delete schemas, tables, and columns using the
Workbench Editor, and by running SQL code

3
Insert data into tables, and update or delete specific records
Inserting, Updating & Deleting based on logical criteria you specify

Learn about table relationships, primary and foreign keys, and

4 Database Design how to properly normalize a database

[MID-COURSE PROJECT]

Create stored procedures, triggers, and indexes, and learn how

5 Advanced DBA Concepts to implement unique and non-NULL constraints

Grant access to additional users and prescribe what they can

6 Managing Users & Permissions and cannot do within the database

[FINAL PROJECT]
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 INTRODUCING THE COURSE PROJECT

THE You have just been hired by a small database consulting shop. You will be working on projects
SITUATION for various clients to help them get their databases built and optimized for business

As a member of the consulting team, you will be asked to perform database services for
THE various clients.
BRIEF
Sometimes you will work with existing databases and tables to make small improvements, and
other times you will need to set up a database for clients from the ground up.

THE Use MySQL Workbench to:

OBJECTIVE • Create databases and tables your clients will need to run their businesses
• Use your knowledge of database best practices to implement and optimize database design principles
• Update records, create indexes, triggers, and stored procedures, and manage users and permissions

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 SETTING EXPECTATIONS

1 You’ll learn MySQL Database Administration using MySQL Workbench

• In your career, you may use other “flavors” of SQL (T-SQL, PL/SQL, PostgreSQL, etc.)
• Each flavor is very similar. The principles you learn here will apply universally, but syntax will vary slightly

2 We will focus on the creation and maintenance of databases

• We will design and create schemas and tables from scratch, and alter existing tables to improve them

3 This course is for SQL Beginners and Data Analysts interested in DBA skills
• This course starts with the basics; if you’re already an expert DBA, this course will not be appropriate for you
• If you’ve already mastered the basics, feel free to skip ahead to the parts of the course that feel relevant to you

4 We will NOT go deep on data analysis (that’s another course)

• This course will focus on beginner-level Database Administration concepts, like creating and maintaining databases
• We offer separate courses that focus on using SQL for data analysis and business intelligence (beginner + expert-level)

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Introduction to SQL

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 BRIEF HISTORY OF SQL

• SQL stands for Structured Query Language, and was designed in the early
1970s at IBM to manipulate and retrieve data stored in a relational
database management system (RDMS)

• There is a universal standard for SQL set by the International Organization

for Standards and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), with
updates released every ~3-5 years

• Vendors are constantly adding new features on top of the standards,

which creates different “flavors” of SQL (MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, etc.)

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 COMMON FLAVORS OF SQL

HEY THIS IS IMPORTANT!

These flavors of SQL are much more similar than they are different – all
are based on the same universal standard, with slight variations in syntax.

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 POPULAR MySQL EDITORS

Mac, Windows, Linux Web App (works on any OS) Windows only Mac only

HEY THIS IS IMPORTANT!

We’ll be practicing MySQL using MySQL Workbench, but rather than thinking “I learned MySQL” or “I can use Workbench”,
you should think “I’m learning SQL”. Period. You’ll be able to use the concepts and syntax you learn here universally.

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RELATIONAL DATABASES

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A DATABASE CAN CONTAIN MANY RELATED TABLES

• The database on the left includes 16

related tables, containing information
about:
• Customers (Name, Address, etc.)
• Business (Staff, Rentals, etc.)
• Inventory (Films, Categories, etc.)

• We’ll start by using MySQL to create and

modify individual tables, then later in
the course we will get into database
design and discuss optimal table
relationships

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RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

• Relational databases consist of data stored in

multiple tables

• Relational database management systems

(RDBMS) serve as an interface to access and
manage relational databases, using SQL

• RDBMS administrators can grant access to

users and set specific roles and permissions

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DOWNLOAD & SETUP

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 MySQL DOWNLOAD & SETUP – OVERVIEW

Step 1 Download Community Server This allows SQL to run on your machine

This is the program we’ll use as our RDBMS

Step 2 Download MySQL Workbench (it’s intuitive, and works across operating systems)

We’ll get you connected to the server so you can use

Step 3 Connect Workbench to Server Workbench to start managing your schemas

We’ll take a quick tour of the Workbench interface to get

Step 4 Review Workbench Interface you familiar with the layout and key components

Step 5
We’ll run a quick SQL script to build some schemas and tables
Create the Databases we’ll be exploring throughout the course (this part is easy!)

HEY THIS IS IMPORTANT!

If you took one of my other courses, and have already installed Community Server and MySQL Workbench,
then you can skip ahead to creating the databases. No need to re-install. Whatever version you have is great.

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STEP 1: COMMUNITY SERVER (MAC)
HEY THIS IS IMPORTANT!
If you took one of my other courses, and have already installed Community Server and MySQL Workbench,
then you can skip ahead to creating the database. No need to re-install. Whatever version you have is great.

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 MySQL COMMUNITY SERVER – MAC DOWNLOAD GUIDE

1 Go to https://dev.mysql.com/downloads and download MySQL Community Server

2 Select the MacOS operating system, and download the DMG Archive version
• Note: you’ll likely see a later version than the one shown (just download the latest)

3 No need to Login or Sign Up, just click “No thanks, just start my download”

4 Find the install file in your downloads, then double click to run the installer package

5 Click through each install step, leaving defaults unless you need customized settings
• Note: Make sure to store your root password somewhere, you’ll need this later!

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 MySQL COMMUNITY SERVER – MAC DOWNLOAD GUIDE

1 3 5

2 4

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STEP 1: COMMUNITY SERVER (PC)
HEY THIS IS IMPORTANT!
If you took one of my other courses, and have already installed Community Server and MySQL Workbench,
then you can skip ahead to creating the database. No need to re-install. Whatever version you have is great.

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 MySQL COMMUNITY SERVER – PC DOWNLOAD GUIDE

1 Go to https://dev.mysql.com/downloads and download MySQL Community Server

2 Select the Microsoft Windows operating system, and the Installer MSI download
• Note: On the download page you may see two versions: select mysql-installer-web-community if you are connected
to the internet, and keep in mind that you may see a later version than the one shown (just download the latest)

3 No need to Login or Sign Up, just click “No thanks, just start my download”

4 Find the install file in your downloads, then double click to run the installer package

5 Click through each install step, leaving defaults unless you need customized settings
• Note: Make sure to store your root password somewhere, you’ll need this later!

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 MySQL COMMUNITY SERVER – PC DOWNLOAD GUIDE

1 3 5

2 4

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STEP 2: MySQL WORKBENCH (MAC)
HEY THIS IS IMPORTANT!
If you took one of my other courses, and have already installed Community Server and MySQL Workbench,
then you can skip ahead to creating the database. No need to re-install. Whatever version you have is great.

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 MySQL WORKBENCH – MAC DOWNLOAD GUIDE

1 Go to https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/workbench, scroll down to Generally Available

(GA) Releases, and select the MacOS operating system

2 We’ll be using version 8.0.16 for this course, so you can either click “Looking for previous
GA versions?” to search for the same one, or simply download the latest available

3 No need to Login or Sign Up, just click “No thanks, just start my download”

4 Find the install file in your downloads, click the MySQL Workbench logo (with the dolphin)
and drag it into your Applications folder

5 Look for MySQL workbench in your list of applications, double click to launch, then proceed
to Step 3: Connecting to the server

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 MySQL WORKBENCH – MAC DOWNLOAD GUIDE

1 3 5

2 Look for version 8.0.16, or download the latest

4

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STEP 2: MySQL WORKBENCH (PC)
HEY THIS IS IMPORTANT!
If you took one of my other courses, and have already installed Community Server and MySQL Workbench,
then you can skip ahead to creating the database. No need to re-install. Whatever version you have is great.

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 MySQL WORKBENCH – PC DOWNLOAD GUIDE

1 Go to https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/workbench, scroll down to Generally Available

(GA) Releases, and select the Microsoft Windows operating system

2 We’ll be using version 8.0.13 for this course, so you can either click “Looking for previous
GA versions?” to search for the same one, or simply download the latest available

3 No need to Login or Sign Up, just click “No thanks, just start my download”

4 Find the install file in your downloads, double click to run the installation process, and
stick with default settings unless you need a custom configuration

5 Look for MySQL workbench in your list of programs, double click to launch, then proceed to
Step 3: Connecting to the server
• Note: You may see a warning if you aren’t on Windows 10+, but most older systems (i.e. Windows 7) should be compatible

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 MySQL WORKBENCH – PC DOWNLOAD GUIDE

1 3 5

2 Look for version 8.0.13, or download the latest

4

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STEP 3: CONNECTING TO THE SERVER

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 CONNECTING TO THE SERVER

1 After launching Workbench, check the MySQL Connections section on the welcome page
• If you see a connection already, right-click to Edit Connection, otherwise click the plus sign (+) to add a new one

2 Name the connection “mavenmovies”, confirm that the Username is “root”, and click OK

3 Once you see the mavenmovies connection on your welcome screen, simply click the tile
and enter your root password to complete the connection

Fun Fact!
Maven Movies is the name of the database I used when I made my first course. I always name my connections
‘mavenmovies’ as tribute. It does not matter what you name your connection. Name it anything you want!

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 CONNECTING TO THE SERVER

1 3

2 4

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STEP 4: MySQL WORKBENCH INTERFACE

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MySQL WORKBENCH INTERFACE (MAC VS. PC)

Mac interface PC interface

HEY THIS IS IMPORTANT!

Workbench looks slightly different on Mac vs. PC, but everything you need is found in the same place.
While the course is recorded on a Mac, but you should have no problem keeping up on a PC

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 QUICK TOUR: THE WORKBENCH INTERFACE
Query Editor Window
This is where you write and run your code

Action Output
Schemas Tab
This is a summary of
Here you can view actions taken by the
tables and views server (TIP: the Response
in your schemas column is great for
troubleshooting!)

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 QUICK TOUR: THE WORKBENCH INTERFACE

Tool Tabs
This is where the various
Management, Instance,
and Performance tools
show up after they are
selected in the
Administration Tab.
Administration Tab
Note: these show up as
Here you can select the
additional tabs alongside
Management, Instance,
tabs you have open for
and Performance tools
SQL query editing. They
co-exist in the same
section of Workbench,
even thought their
functions are different

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STEP 5: CREATING THE DATABASES

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 CREATING YOUR INITIAL SCHEMAS

1 In MySQL Workbench, click File from the top menu, then select Run SQL Script

2 Navigate to the createmavenconsulting.sql file provided in the course resources

• This code will automatically generate the databases that we’ll be exploring throughout the course

3 After running the code, confirm the following:

1. You see results in the Action Output window, with green check marks and no errors in the Response column
2. When you refresh the Schemas list, you should see a number of new schemas:
• candystore & candystore_old
• mavenfuzzyfactorymini & mavenmoviesmini
• onlinelearningschool
• sloppyjoes
• sys (this one is built-in)
• thriftshop

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 CREATING THE DATABASE

1 3 5

2 4 6

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CREATING, ALTERING & DELETING
SCHEMAS AND TABLES

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 CREATE SCHEMA W/ UI MySQL WORKBENCH TOOLS IN ACTION:

• In MySQL, the terms ‘Schema’

and ‘Database’ will be used
interchangeably to discuss a
collection of data tables which
relate to one another

• We can create a new schema

using Workbench’s user
interface tools, with just a few
quick clicks

• Whether we create schemas

using the UI tools or using code
is a matter of preference
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CREATE SCHEMA W/ CODE MySQL QUERY IN ACTION:

• We can also create a new schema

using a simple SQL create statement

• When we use SQL code, we can

choose the same options for our
schema as when we use the UI
ACTION OUTPUT:
• Whether we create schemas using
the UI tools or using code is a
matter of preference

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 CREATE TABLE W/ UI MySQL WORKBENCH TOOLS IN ACTION:

• After our schema is created, we

can begin populating our
schema with tables that will
contain records of data

• Just like when we created our

schemas, we can create tables
using Workbench’s UI tools, or
we can do it with code (again,
this is a matter of preference)

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 CREATE TABLE W/ CODE MySQL QUERY IN ACTION:

• After our schema is created, we can

begin populating our schema with
tables that will contain records of
data

• Creating a new table with code

typically involves: ACTION OUTPUT:
• Selecting a schema to add the table to
• Giving the new table a name
• Specifying which columns to include
• Setting data formats and types

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 COMMON MySQL DATA TYPES
Data Type Specifications Data Type Specifications

TINYINT Integer (-128 to 127) CHAR String (0 – 255)

SMALLINT Integer (-32768 to 32767) VARCHAR String (0 – 255)

MEDIUMINT Integer (-8388608 to 8388607) TINYTEXT String (0 – 255)

INT Integer (-2147483648 to 2147483647) TEXT String (0 – 65535)

Integer (-9223372036854775808 to
BIGINT 9223372036854775807)
DATE YYYY-MM-DD

FLOAT Decimal (precise to 23 digits) DATETIME YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS

DOUBLE Decimal (23 to 53 digits) TIMESTAMP YYYYMMDDHHMMSS

DECIMAL Decimal (to 65 digits – most precise) ENUM One of a number of preset options

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 Helpful Tips
NEW MESSAGE

From: Tom Strawberry (your first client)

• Create the schema however you feel more comfortable,
Subject: Help Creating New Schema & 2 Tables with SQL code or using Workbench’s UI tools (it would be
good if you know how to do it both ways)
Hi there, • Create one of the tables with code, and create the other
using Workbench’s UI tools (we’ll walk through both in the
We’re hoping that you can help us start tracking our marketing solution video)
spend better. Could you please:
• If you get stuck creating the schema or tables, go back and
1. Create a new schema, called ‘toms_marketing_stuff’ watch the videos again.
2. Add a table called ‘publishers’, with two columns:
• If you get an error that says ‘schema already exists’ or ‘table
‘publisher_id’ (integer) and ‘publisher_name’ (up to 65 chars)
already exists’, it’s because you already did it.
3. Add another table called ‘publisher_spend’ with
‘publisher_id’ (integer), ‘month’ (date), and spend (decimal) • If you have problems with the data types, see the slide on
common data types in the previous lecture. Also, get
Thanks, Tom comfortable Googling ‘MySQL data types’.

TEST YOUR SKILLS: CREATE SCHEMAS & TABLES

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ADD & DROP COLUMNS W/ UI MySQL WORKBENCH TOOLS IN ACTION:

• In addition to creating new tables

which are fully defined, we can
also add or drop columns from
existing tables

• Just like when we created

schemas and tables, altering
tables can be done either with the
UI tools, or by using SQL code

• Workbench makes it very easy to

quickly define or modify the
options for your columns in the UI

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 ALTER TABLE W/ CODE MySQL QUERY IN ACTION:

• We can use SQL code to alter

tables by adding and dropping
columns

• We specify ALTER TABLE

tablename, and then we can either
ADD or DROP a column ACTION OUTPUT:

• When we ADD a column, we must

also specify its data type

• Optionally when we ADD a column,

we may specify where it should
appear, by using FIRST or AFTER
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 Helpful Tips
NEW MESSAGE

From: Amy Baker (owns the candy store) If you’ve done everything correctly, your table should go from this…
Subject: Help Updating A Database Table

Hi,

I have some basic tables set up in my ‘candystore’ schema,

but I need some help updating some of the tables before my
employees can get access and start using this more widely.

1. Can you remove the hourly_wage column from the

employees table? (I need it hidden before I can share out) To this…

2. Can you add a column to the employees table called

‘avg_customer_rating’? (decimal to one digit)

Thanks!

TEST YOUR SKILLS: ALTERING TABLES

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DROP SCHEMAS & TABLES MySQL WORKBENCH TOOLS IN ACTION:

• BE CAREFUL! Dropping schemas

and tables that your company
needs is a quick way to lose friends
at the office 

• Ideally, your permissions will be set

up so that most employees can
access data, some can CREATE MySQL QUERY IN ACTION:
tables, and only a limited few can
DROP tables or schemas

• Workbench makes it very easy to

DROP schemas and tables, through
the UI, or with SQL code
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 Warning!!
NEW MESSAGE

From: Amy Baker (owns the candy store)

Subject: Need to Delete a Table and a Schema
HEY THIS IS IMPORTANT!
Hi, Be extremely careful when dropping tables
and columns.
We’re almost ready to share our ‘candystore’ schema for all
employees to use. Can you please help me with the following? DROP the wrong table or schema at work,
1. Drop the table ‘candy_products’. I don’t want my and it could be bad news for your
employees knowing my margins. relationships and career.

2. Drop the schema ‘candystore_old’. This is an old copy DROP a table you’ll need later in this course,
that is now out of date, so we don’t need to maintain it. and you’ll need to go back to the beginning
and reinstall. Just don’t do it. Be careful!!
Thanks!
-Amy

TEST YOUR SKILLS: DELETING TABLES & SCHEMAS

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INSERTING, UPDATING & DELETING RECORDS

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INSERTING NEW RECORDS MySQL QUERY IN ACTION:

• MySQL makes it easy to insert

additional records into a table
using an INSERT INTO statement

• We can insert one row at a time, or

we can batch insert many rows in
one single SQL statement (Another) MySQL QUERY IN ACTION:

• We may choose to specify values

for every column in our INSERT
INTO statement, or we may omit
values for some columns. If we
omit values, MySQL places the
default value for that column
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 UPDATING RECORDS MySQL QUERY IN ACTION:

• We can update the values of one or

more records using an UPDATE
statement

• Our UPDATE statement will always

require a SET clause, which tells the
server what values to set (ANOTHER) MySQL QUERY IN ACTION:

• In most cases, we will also use a

WHERE clause (optional) to specify
which records to update. If we do
not use a WHERE clause, the
UPDATE will process on all records

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 Result Preview
NEW MESSAGE

From: Amy Baker (owns the candy store)

Subject: Help Updating Some Data Records

Hi,

Exciting news! I have hired two new employees, who both

started on March 15th, 2020. They are both clerks. Their
names are Charles Munger and William Gates. Could you add
them to the employees table for me?

Could you also update the avg_customer_rating column? The

average ratings for employees 1-6 are 4.8, 4.6, 4.75, 4.9, 4.75,
and 4.2, respectively. The two new clerks are both at 5.0.

Thank you so much!

TEST YOUR SKILLS: INSERTING & UPDATING RECORDS

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 DELETE RECORDS MySQL QUERY IN ACTION:

• MySQL allows us to target one or

more records to DELETE FROM a
given data table

• We will do this using the DELETE

FROM statement, followed by the
tablename
ACTION OUTPUT:

• As with UPDATE statements, we will

usually want to specify which records
to delete using a WHERE clause

• If we do not specify a WHERE clause,

DELETE FROM will delete ALL records
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 TRUNCATE TABLE MySQL QUERY IN ACTION:

• If we want to remove all records

from a table but preserve the table
structure, we can do that using
TRUNCATE TABLE

• When we use TRUNCATE TABLE, the

data is removed but the column
ACTION OUTPUT:
names, data types, column order,
and any constraints placed on the
table are all preserved

• TRUNCATE TABLE is very similar to

using DELETE without a WHERE
clause (but there are differences)
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 DDL, DML, DQL, DCL & DTL

Used to create or modify the structure of a database

DATA DEFINITION LANGUAGE (DDL)
Examples: CREATE, ALTER, DROP, TRUNCATE

Used to add, modify, or delete data records

DATA MANIPULATION LANGUAGE (DML)
Examples: INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE

Used to query data (often considered part of DML)

DATA QUERY LANGUAGE (DQL)
Examples: SELECT, SHOW, HELP

Used to grant and revoke permissions

DATA CONTROL LANGUAGE (DCL)
Examples: GRANT, REVOKE

Used to manage transactions

DATA TRANSACTION LANGUAGE (DTL)
Examples: START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, ROLLBACK
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 Helpful Hints
NEW MESSAGE

From: Amy Baker (owns the candy store)

Subject: Help Deleting Some Data • Make sure you do not drop either of the two tables. You just
want to remove records for this exercise, without impacting
the table structure
Hi,
• For the second part of Amy’s ask, you should end up with a
I have a situation I need your help with. One of my employees, table containing column headers but no data records
Margaret Simpson, was recently caught generating fake
customer reviews to boost her score. I would like you to…

1. Delete her record from the employees table

2. Remove all data from the customer reviews table but

preserve the table structure (we want to start fresh)

Thank you!
-Amy

TEST YOUR SKILLS: DELETING DATA

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DATABASE DESIGN

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DATABASE DESIGN IS ABOUT STRUCTURING TABLES & RELATIONSHIPS

In this case the database includes 16 related

tables, containing information about:
• Customers (Name, Address, etc.)
• Business (Staff, Rentals, etc.)
• Inventory (Films, Categories, etc.)

Now we are ready to start talking about

optimal database design, how tables relate
to each other, and how to properly
normalize a database.

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 EACH TABLE CONTAINS ROWS & COLUMNS

Tables contain information organized into columns (or fields) and rows (or records)

In this case, our Rental table contains 7 columns and 10 rows:

• Each column contains an attribute related to our film rentals (rental/return date, customer ID, etc.)
• Each row corresponds to one specific rental (which film was rented, when, who rented it, etc.)

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 TABLE RELATIONSHIPS & CARDINALITY

Cardinality refers to the uniqueness of values in a column (or attribute) of a table and is commonly used to describe
how two tables relate (one-to-one, one-to-many, or many-to-many). For now, here are the key points to grasp:

FOREIGN FOREIGN
(MANY) (MANY)
• Primary keys are unique
inventory_id film_id address_id
1 1 1 • They cannot repeat, so there is only one instance
2 1 1 PRIMARY of each primary key value in a column
3 1 1 (ONE)
4 1 1 film_id title release_year • Foreign keys are non-unique
5 1 2 1 ACADEMY DINOSAUR 2006
2 ACE GOLDFINGER 2006
• They can repeat, so there may be many instances
6 1 2
7 1 2 3 ADAPTATION HOLES 2006 of each foreign key value in a column
8 1 2 4 AFFAIR PREJUDICE 2006
9 2 2 • We can create a one-to-many relationship
10 2 2 PRIMARY by connecting a foreign key in one table to
11 2 2
12 3 2
(ONE)
a primary key in another
address_id address district
13 3 2 1 47 MySakila Drive Alberta
14 3 2 2 28 MySQL Boulevard QLD
15 3 2
16 4 1
17 4 1
18 4 1
19 4 1
20 4 2

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MAVEN FUZZY FACTORY DATABASE

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 Helpful Hint
NEW MESSAGE

From: Emily Trapp (Owner, Online School)

Subject: Help Understanding My Tables

Hey!

Would you be able to help me out? I have 3 tables in my

‘onlinelearningschool’ schema and would like to understand
how they are related. For each table, could you please:

1) Tell me what the primary key is, and whether there are
any foreign keys

2) Explain how the tables relate to each other and what

type of relationship exists (one-to-one, one-to-many, etc.)

Thank you!

TEST YOUR SKILLS: UNDERSTANDING RELATIONSHIPS

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A DATABASE CAN CONTAIN MANY RELATED TABLES

In this case the database includes 16 related

tables, containing information about:
• Customers (Name, Address, etc.)
• Business (Staff, Rentals, etc.)
• Inventory (Films, Categories, etc.)

We’ll start by using MySQL to create and

modify individual tables, then later in the
course we will get into database design and
discuss optimal table relationships.

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 DATABASE NORMALIZATION
Normalization is the process of structuring the tables and columns in a relational database to minimize redundancy
and preserve data integrity. Benefits of normalization include:
• Eliminating duplicate data (this makes storage and query processing more efficient)
• Reducing errors and anomalies (restrictions around data structure help to prevent human errors)

inventory_id title release_year store_address store_district

1 ACADEMY DINOSAUR 2006 47 MySakila Drive Alberta
2 ACADEMY DINOSAUR 2006 47 MySakila Drive Alberta
3 ACADEMY DINOSAUR 2006 47 MySakila Drive Alberta
4 ACADEMY DINOSAUR 2006 47 MySakila Drive Alberta
5 ACADEMY DINOSAUR 2006 28 MySQL Boulevard QLD HEY THIS IS IMPORTANT!
6 ACADEMY DINOSAUR 2006 28 MySQL Boulevard QLD If you don’t normalize your database, you
7 ACADEMY DINOSAUR 2006 28 MySQL Boulevard QLD end up with tables that look like this, with
8 ACADEMY DINOSAUR 2006 28 MySQL Boulevard QLD
9 ACE GOLDFINGER 2006 28 MySQL Boulevard QLD
lots and lots of duplicate values.
10 ACE GOLDFINGER 2006 28 MySQL Boulevard QLD
11 ACE GOLDFINGER 2006 28 MySQL Boulevard QLD
This may not seem like a lot for the 20
12 ADAPTATION HOLES 2006 28 MySQL Boulevard QLD records shown, but can have a significant
13 ADAPTATION HOLES 2006 28 MySQL Boulevard QLD impact as your database scales.
14 ADAPTATION HOLES 2006 28 MySQL Boulevard QLD
15 ADAPTATION HOLES 2006 28 MySQL Boulevard QLD
16 AFFAIR PREJUDICE 2006 47 MySakila Drive Alberta
17 AFFAIR PREJUDICE 2006 47 MySakila Drive Alberta
18 AFFAIR PREJUDICE 2006 47 MySakila Drive Alberta
19 AFFAIR PREJUDICE 2006 47 MySakila Drive Alberta
20 AFFAIR PREJUDICE 2006 28 MySQL Boulevard QLD
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 NORMALIZATION: MULTIPLE RELATED TABLES
In practice, normalization involves breaking out data from a single merged table into multiple related tables
• Instead of storing redundant information about each store and film in a single table (like the one one the left), we create
new tables containing a single record for each unique value, and link to those tables using a simple id

Not normalized: Normalized!

inventory_id title release_year store_address store_district inventory_id film_id address_id film_id title release_year
1 ACADEMY DINOSAUR 2006 47 MySakila Drive Alberta 1 1 1 1 ACADEMY DINOSAUR 2006
2 ACADEMY DINOSAUR 2006 47 MySakila Drive Alberta 2 1 1 2 ACE GOLDFINGER 2006
3 ACADEMY DINOSAUR 2006 47 MySakila Drive Alberta 3 1 1 3 ADAPTATION HOLES 2006
4 ACADEMY DINOSAUR 2006 47 MySakila Drive Alberta 4 1 1 4 AFFAIR PREJUDICE 2006
5 ACADEMY DINOSAUR 2006 28 MySQL Boulevard QLD 5 1 2
6 ACADEMY DINOSAUR 2006 28 MySQL Boulevard QLD 6 1 2
address_id address district
7 ACADEMY DINOSAUR 2006 28 MySQL Boulevard QLD 7 1 2
1 47 MySakila Drive Alberta
8 ACADEMY DINOSAUR 2006 28 MySQL Boulevard QLD 8 1 2
2 28 MySQL Boulevard QLD
9 ACE GOLDFINGER 2006 28 MySQL Boulevard QLD 9 2 2
10 ACE GOLDFINGER 2006 28 MySQL Boulevard QLD 10 2 2
11 ACE GOLDFINGER 2006 28 MySQL Boulevard QLD 11 2 2
12 ADAPTATION HOLES 2006 28 MySQL Boulevard QLD 12 3 2
13 ADAPTATION HOLES 2006 28 MySQL Boulevard QLD 13 3 2 We now have single records containing
14 ADAPTATION HOLES 2006 28 MySQL Boulevard QLD 14 3 2 all of the information about our films
15 ADAPTATION HOLES 2006 28 MySQL Boulevard QLD 15 3 2
and addresses – no more redundancy!
16 AFFAIR PREJUDICE 2006 47 MySakila Drive Alberta 16 4 1
17 AFFAIR PREJUDICE 2006 47 MySakila Drive Alberta 17 4 1
18 AFFAIR PREJUDICE 2006 47 MySakila Drive Alberta 18 4 1
19 AFFAIR PREJUDICE 2006 47 MySakila Drive Alberta 19 4 1
20 AFFAIR PREJUDICE 2006 28 MySQL Boulevard QLD 20 4 2

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 Helpful Hint
NEW MESSAGE

From: Emily Trapp (Owner, Online School)

Subject: Help Understanding My Tables

Hey!

I could use some help again. I heard about this concept of

database “normalization”, but need your expertise.

Would you be able to look at my three tables and tell me if

they are already normalized?

If any table is NOT normalized, could you give me direction on

how I could restructure the data to normalize my database?

Thank you!

TEST YOUR SKILLS: DATABASE NORMALIZATION

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 ENHANCED ENTITY RELATIONSHIP (EER) MODELS

As we designing our databases, it can be helpful to create EER diagrams to visually model the relationships between
tables and the constraints within those tables

EER diagrams can help us map out things like:

• Which tables are in the database
• Which columns exist in each table
• The data types of the various columns
• Primary and foreign keys within tables
• Relationship cardinality between tables
• Constraints on columns (i.e. Non-NULL)

*Copyright 2019, Excel Maven & Maven Analytics, LLC

 MINI EXAMPLE: RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAMS
Consider the two tables shown below:
• The Customer table below contains details about each customer, identified by a unique customer_id (the table’s primary key)
• The Rental table contains records of each rental, and includes a non-unique customer_id field since customers may rent films
on multiple occasions (this is one of the table’s foreign keys)

Customer table:

We can diagram table

relationships in Workbench to
understand how the records
in each table relate

NOTE: This isn’t required, but

serves as a helpful reference
Rental table:

PRO TIP:
When you explore a database for the first time, diagram
your relationships to understand your table structure

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EER DIAGRAM EXAMPLE: MAVEN MOVIES DATABASE

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ANOTHER EXAMPLE: MAVEN FUZZY FACTORY DATABASE

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 CREATE AN EER DIAGRAM FROM SCRATCH

1 3 5

2 4

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 CREATE AN EER DIAGRAM FROM EXISTING SCHEMA
1 3 5

2 4

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 Helpful Hint
NEW MESSAGE

From: Emily Trapp (Owner, Online School)

Subject: Help Creating an EER Diagram

Hey again!

I would like to have a better visual representation of the

database so I can share it with our new employees as we start
to scale.

Could you plese build an EER diagram of the

onlinelearningschool schema? If you could map the
relationships that would be awesome.

Thank you!
-Emily

TEST YOUR SKILLS: BUILDING EER DIAGRAMS

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 INTRODUCING THE MID COURSE PROJECT

THE A new client, the owner of the Maven Movies DVD rental business, has reached out to
SITUATION you for help restructuring their non-normalized database.

THE Use Your MySQL Database Administration skills to:

OBJECTIVE Design a better set of tables to store the data in the existing schema. Explain to the owner
why the current system is not optimized for scale, and how you propose to improve it.
Then, create a new schema with your ideal specifications and populate it with data.

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 MID COURSE PROJECT QUESTIONS

Take a look at the mavenmoviesmini schema. What do you notice about it? How many tables are there?
1 What does the data represent? What do you think the current schema?
~ 1:10

If you wanted to break out the data from the inventory_non_normalized table into multiple tables, how
2 many tables do you think would be ideal? What would you name those tables?
~ 4:30

Based on your answer from question #2, create a new schema with the tables you think will best serve this
3 data set. You can use SQL code or Workbench’s UI tools (whichever you feel more comfortable with).
~ 8:10

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 MID COURSE PROJECT QUESTIONS

Next, use the data from the original schema to populate the tables in your newly optimized schema
4 (TIP: Revisit the video on database normalization again if you get stuck)
~ 17:45

Make sure your new tables have the proper primary keys defined and that applicable foreign keys are added.
5 Add any constraints you think should apply to the data as well (unique, non-NULL, etc.)
~ 24:50

Finally, after doing all of this technical work, write a brief summary of what you have done, in a way that your
6 non-technical client can understand. Communicate what you did, and why your new schema design is better.
~ 26:05

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ADVANCED CONCEPTS

*Copyright 2019, Excel Maven & Maven Analytics, LLC

 USING INDEXES Searching Without an Index

From MySQL.com:
The best way to improve the
performance of SELECT
operations is to create indexes
on one or more of the columns
that are tested in the query. The
index entries act like pointers to Using an Index
the table rows, allowing the
query to quickly determine
which rows match a condition in
the WHERE clause, and retrieve
the other column values for
those rows. All MySQL data
types can be indexed.
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 CREATING AN INDEX MySQL Workbench in Action

• Workbench makes it easy to

manage indexes via the UI tools

• We can add, and delete indexes

through the UI, or we can do it
with SQL code

• Note that in MySQL, the Primary

Key and any Foreign Key you
create on a table is always an
index automatically

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 UNIQUE CONSTRAINT MySQL Workbench in Action

• We can prescribe which columns in

our tables we allow to have
repeating values, and which
columns must be unique

• Adding a unique constraint is easy

via Workbench’s UI or using SQL
code

• Including a unique constraint on

columns that should not repeat is a
good way to ensure data integrity,
and is a good best practice

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 NON-NULL CONSTRAINT MySQL Workbench in Action

• We may want certain columns to

be populated with a value for every
single record that ever gets written

• We can prescribe this by applying a

NON-NULL constraint to a certain
column, which requires all records
to have a value in that column

• If the NON-NULL constraint is on a

column, and someone tries to
INSERT a record without including
a value for the column, the INSERT
will fail
*Copyright Maven Analytics, LLC
 Helpful Hint
NEW MESSAGE

From: Joe Tidyman (Owner, Sloppy Joe’s)

Subject: Help Optimizing Database for Scale

Hi there…

We are about to scale up our operations and open up a very

large number of restaurants in a short amount of time.

Could you help me set up our database so it can scale with

data integrity? I think we’ll need to set up keys, indexes, and
constraints to make sure the data quality is protected as we
ramp up and the data sets get huge.

Can you help!?!?

-Joe

TEST YOUR SKILLS: INDEXES, KEYS, CONSTRAINTS

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 STORED PROCEDURES MySQL Workbench in Action

• MySQL gives us the ability to

store and call frequently used
queries on the server. These are
then referred to as ‘Procedures’,
or commonly ‘Stored Procedures’

• Benefits include more efficient

query writing and query
performance, and ability to share
complex procedures more easily
between Analysts and other
database users

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 Helpful Hint
NEW MESSAGE

From: Joe Tidyman (Owner, Sloppy Joe’s)

Subject: Help Creating a Stored Procedure

Hi there…

As we scale up, I would like a very quick way to query how

many orders each of our staff members has served, all-time.

I am not a database pro, so I need this to be as simple as

possible. Something like the following would be ideal…

CALL sp_staffOrdersServed;

Can you help?

-Joe

TEST YOUR SKILLS: STORED PROCEDURES

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 TRIGGERS MySQL Workbench in Action

• MySQL allows us to create Triggers,

where we can prescribe certain
actions on a table to trigger one or
more other actions to occur

• We may prescribe that our

triggered action occurs either Result Preview (SELECT * FROM inventory)
BEFORE or AFTER an INSERT,
UPDATE, or a DELETE

• Triggers are a very common way to

make sure related tables remain in
sync as they are updated over time

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 Helpful Hint
NEW MESSAGE

From: Joe Tidyman (Owner, Sloppy Joe’s)

Subject: Help Creating Triggers

Hi there…

Is there any way we could automatically update the number of

orders served in the staff table anytime we serve another
order and a record is written to the customer_orders table?

Is this even possible?

-Joe

TEST YOUR SKILLS: TRIGGERS

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 SERVER MANAGEMENT MySQL Workbench in Action

• The Administration tab gives us

options to monitor and control
the status of the MySQL Server
we are connected to
• The Server Status view gives us a
quick view of our Server

• The Startup / Shutdown tool

allows us to Start or Stop our
database instance

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 Helpful Hint
NEW MESSAGE

From: Joe Tidyman (Owner, Sloppy Joe’s)

Subject: Is Our Server Stuck?

Hi again…

It seems like our database might be stuck, or out of sync?

I talked with another business owner who said the server can
sometimes get stuck and need to be restarted by a Database
Administrator. Can you check the status of the server and re-
start it for us?

-Joe

TEST YOUR SKILLS: SERVER MANAGEMENT

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 USER MANAGEMENT MySQL Workbench in Action

• Workbench makes it easy for us

to add Users and to manage their
Privileges

• Users can be granted varying

levels of permissions. At one end
of the spectrum, you could create
a User that can only SELECT, and
at the other end of the spectrum
is the DBA role, which carries all
privileges

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 Helpful Hint
NEW MESSAGE

From: Joe Tidyman (Owner, Sloppy Joe’s)

Subject: Help Creating 2 New Users

Hi there…

Hoping you could help us out with one more thing. I would like
to create two new Users who can access our database…

User: DataGuru, DBA-level privileges, Password: ChangeMe!

User: Analyst, SELECT only privileges, Password: ChangeMe!

Thank you!!

-Joe

TEST YOUR SKILLS: USER MANAGEMENT

*Copyright Maven Analytics, LLC
 INTRODUCING THE FINAL COURSE PROJECT

THE A new client, Bubs Glover, the owner of Bubs’ Bigtime Baby Booties, has reached out to
SITUATION you for help building his business a database from the ground up.

THE Use Your MySQL Database Administration skills to:

OBJECTIVE Design a database from scratch, which will capture information about Bubs’ customers, the
purchases they make, his products, and his employees.

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 FINAL COURSE PROJECT QUESTIONS

Bubs wants you to track information on his customers (first name, last name, email), his employees (first
1 name, last name, start date, position held), his products, and the purchases customers make (which customer,
~ 0:37 when it was purchased, for how much money). Think about how many tables you should create. Which data
goes in which tables? How should the tables relate to one another?

Given the database design you came up with, use Workbench to create an EER diagram of the database.
2 Include things like primary keys and foreign keys, and anything else you think you should have in the tables.
~ 4:50 Make sure to use reasonable data types for each column.

Create a schema called bubsbooties. Within that schema, create the tables that you have diagramed out. Make
3 sure they relate to each other, and that they have the same reasonable data types you selected previously.
~ 15:50

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 FINAL COURSE PROJECT QUESTIONS

Add any constraints you think your tables’ columns should have. Think through which columns need to be
4 unique, which ones are allowed to have NULL values, etc.
~ 24:05

Insert at least 3 records of data into each table. The exact values do not matter, so feel free to make them
5 up. Just make sure that the data you insert makes sense, and that the tables tie together.
~ 28:40

Create two users and give them access to the database. The first user, TuckerReilly, will be the DBA, and should
6 get full database administrator privileges. The second user, EllaBrody, is an Analyst, and only needs read access.
~ 40:10

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