S3597
S3597
S3597
ﻋﻠﺠﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﻴﺩﺵ
(ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﺎﺸﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ) ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ
: ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺹ
ﻓﻜﺭﺕ ﻓﺭﻨﺴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺠﺒﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻴﻴﻥ ﻤﻨﺫ ﻋﺎﻡ، ﻤﻊ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺒﻭﺍﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ
ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤـﺔ، ﻭﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺜﻼﺜﻴﻥ ﻤﺎﺩﺓ. 1912 ﻓﺒﺭﺍﻴﺭ03 ﺤﺘﻰ ﺼﺩﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻨﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﺠﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ،1907
ﻋﺒﺭ ﻋﺩﺓ، ﻓﺭﺩ177000 ﻭﺠﻨﺩﺕ ﻓﺭﻨﺴﺎ. ﺒﻭﻋﻭﺩ ﻜﺎﺫﺒﺔ ﻭﻤﻐﺭﻴﺔ، ﻟﻤﺩﺓ ﺜﻼﺙ ﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻏﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ
ﻭﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻨﻴﺩ ﻋﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻴﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﺍﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒـﺔ. ﻭﻫﺩﻓﺕ ﻓﺭﻨﺴﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻨﻴﺩ ﻋﺩﺓ ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﺇﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ، ﺠﺒﻬﺎﺕ
ﻭﺘﺒﺎﻴﻨﺕ ﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﻓﻌل ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻴﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻨﻴﺩ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺒﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﺍﻟﻭﻓﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﺌﺽ ﻤﺜل ﻋﺭﻴﻀﺔ.ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ
ﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﺕ ﻗﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻥ ﻭﻋﺭﻴﻀﺔ ﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺨـﺭﻭﺏ )ﻗﺴـﻨﻁﻴﻨﺔ( ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻭﻤـﺔ
"ﻋﻤـﺭ ﺒـﻥ ﻗـﺩﻭﺭ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﺴﻠﺔ، ﻭﺇﻟﺼﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺌﻁﻴﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺴﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺜﻠﻤﺎ ﻤﺎﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﻪ ﻋﻤﺭ ﺭﺍﺴﻡ1912ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺎﻱ
ﻭﺼﻑ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﺠﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺼﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺨﻁﺏ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ،1911ﺴﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ10 ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻱ" ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﺜل "ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﺭ" ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ
ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﻭ، ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﺤﺘﺠﺎﺠﺎﺕ ﺒﻤﺩﻥ ﻨﺩﺭﻭﻤﺔ، ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻹﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺨﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻓﺭﻨﺴﺎ، ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻤﺎﻴﺔ
ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺎﻭﻯ ﻤﺜﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﺩﻤﻪ ﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺒﻨﻲ ﻤﻴﺯﺍﺏ ﺸﻜﺎﻭﻯ،ﺓ ) ﺭﻭﻓﻴﻘﻭ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎ( ﻋﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺘﺔ ﻭﻜﺫﺍ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻤﻅﺎﻫﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﻤﺩﻥ ﺒﻭﭬﺭ. ﺩﻟﹼﺱ
ﻭﻗﺩ ﺴﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻔﺎﺀ ﻤﺜﻠﻤﺎ ﻤﺎ ﺤﺩﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻥ ﺒﺎﺘﻨﺔ ﻭ ﻨﺩﺭﻭﻤﺔ ﻭﻤﺩﻥ ﻤﻴﺯﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺘل. 1912 ﻓﻴﻔﺭﻱ23 ﻓﻲ
ﺘﻠﻤﺴﺎﻥ، ﺴﻁﻴﻑ ﻭ ﺒﺭﺝ ﺒﻭﻋﺭﻴﺭﺝ، ﺴﻴﺩﻱ ﺒﻠﻌﺒﺎﺱ،ﻭﺍﻟﻬﺠﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺩﻋﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻴﻥ ﻏﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺩﻥ ﻤﻌﺴﻜﺭ
. ﻨﺤﻭ ﺃﻭﺭﻭﺒﺎ ﻭﺒﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﺭﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﻴﻥ
ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ، (1917-1916) ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﺱ، (1914ﺍﻜﺘﻭﺒﺭ-ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﺘﻨﺘﻔﺽ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻴﻭﻥ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻨﻲ ﺸﻘﺭﺍﻥ ﻭﻤﻌﺴﻜﺭ)ﺴﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ
ﻭﻭﺍﺠﻬﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﺭﻨﺴﺎ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻓﺘﺎﻭﻯ ﺇﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﺭﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ﻭﺭﻓﺽ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺠـﻭﺍﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴـﻔﺭ، (ﻡ1919-1915) ﺍﻟﻬﻘﺎﺭ
. 1919 ﻓﻴﻔﺭﻱ24 ﻭﻓﻲ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﻗﺩﻤﺕ ﺇﺼﻼﺤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ. ﻭﺭﺨﺹ ﺍﻟﺤﺞ
Abstract
With the advent of World War I, France contemplated compulsory military service for
Algerians since 1907, until the decision to impose compulsory conscription was issued on February
03, 1912 , And included thirty articles, including the performance of Algerians service for three years
without political and civil rights and young people were tempted by false promises . France mobilized
177,000 troops across several fronts.
France recruited several strategic and economic targets. During the recruitment process,
Algerians suffered from diseases, alienation and discrimination . The reactions of Algerians varied
such as the petition of the elite group under the leadership of the Committee for the Defense of
Muslim Interests and the petition of the inhabitants of the city of Khroub (Constantine) in May 1912
and the attachment of the wall pamphlets in a secret manner as established by Omar Rasem, "Omar
Ben Kaddour Algerian" foreign newspapers such as "Mouchir" on 10 September 1911, in addition to
the use of popular literature cynical from France, and the protests in the cities . As well as
demonstrations in the towns of Bougara , Ain -Touta, and the submission of complaints as submitted
by the residents of Mézab on 23 February 1912 ..
The Algerian youth quickly disappeared in the cities of Batna, Nedruma, Mizab, and the
external migration in response to the Ottoman propaganda. The youth of the cities of Sidi Bel Abbes,
Setif and Bordj Bou Arreridj moved to Europe, the Maghreb and the Levant
The Algerians also stood up at Beni Shakran 1914-Auras (1916-1917), the Haggar (1915-
1919). France confronted them with Islamic fatwas forbidding emigration and refusing to provide
passports for Hajj. At the end of the war reforms were made on 24 February 1919 .
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-Iﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ :ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻀﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻬﺘﻡ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻴﺔ.ﻭﻟﻌل ﺃﺒﺭﺯﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻌـﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﻜﺒـﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ
ﺃﺜﺭﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺴﺎﺭ ﺘﺤﺭﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻱ؛ ﻓﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻨﺩﻻﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﻓـﺎﺘﺢ ﻨـﻭﻓﻤﺒﺭ،1954ﻭﺍﺸـﺘﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻀـﻐﻁ
ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ،ﺘﻭﺴﻌﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻱ ،ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﻌﺎﺭﻙ ﻜﺒـﺭﻯ ﻭﻜﻤـﺎﺌﻥ
ﻨﺎﺠﺤﺔ ،ﻜﺒﺩﺕ ﺠﻴﺵ ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻼل ﺨﺴﺎﺌﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﻭﺍﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺘﺎﺩ ؛ ﻓﻔﻲ ﻭﻻﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﺱ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴـﺔ ،ﺨـﺎﺽ ﺠـﻴﺵ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴـﺭ
ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻲ ﻤﻌﺎﺭﻙ ﻋﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺭﻯ ﺃﻭﺍﺨﺭ ﺴﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ ،1955ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺸﻬﺭ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻤـﻥ ﻫﺠﻭﻤـﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻨﻁﻴﻨﻲ . 1
ﻭﻤﻨﻪ ﻨﺘﺴﺎﺀل ﻋﻥ ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺎ ﻭﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﺍﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﺼﻴﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺭﻱ ﻗﺒـل
ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ،ﻭﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻤﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﺭﻓﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘـﺔ ﻗﺒﻴـل ﺇﻨـﺩﻻﻉ
ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ؟ ،ﻭﻤﺎﻫﻲ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺩﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺵ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ،ﻭﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺸﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ؟ ،ﻭﻤﺎﻫﻲ ﺃﻫـﻡ
ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺠﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﺼﺩﺍﺌﻬﺎ؟.
-1ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﺭﻴﺱ :ﻴﻘﻊ ﺠﺒل ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺒل ﺍﻷﺒﻴﺽ ،ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ100ﻜﻠﻡ ﺠﻨـﻭﺏ ﻏـﺭﺏ
ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺘﺒﺴﺔ ،ﻴﺤﺩﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎل ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺠﺒل ﻗﺴﺎﺱ ،ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻗﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﻨﻘﺭﻴﻥ ،ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻕ ﺠﺒل ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻕ
ﻭﺠﺒل ﻏﻴﻔﻭﻑ.
2
ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ ﺒﻔﺠﺎﺝ ﺼﺨﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻴﻘﺔ ،ﺘﺘﺨﻠﻠﻬﺎ ﻜﻬﻭﻑ ﻭﻤﻐﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻴﻘﺔ ،ﻭﺘﻌﻠـﻭ ﺠﺒـل ﺍﻟﺠـﺭﻑ
ﺼﺨﺭﺘﺎﻥ ﻋﻅﻴﻤﺘﺎﻥ ،ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺴﻔل ﻴﺠﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﻫﻼل ﺃﻭ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ ،ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﺘﺨﺫ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺇﺴﻤﻬﺎ.3
ﺘﺒﺭﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻔﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﻨﺘﻭﺀﺍﺕ ﺘﺠﺎﻭﻴﻑ ﺼﺨﺭﻴﺔ ﺤﺼﻴﻨﺔ ﺘﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ ،ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺤﺼﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺭﻜـﺯﻴﻥ
4
. ﺒﻬﺎ ﺨﻼل ﻤﻌﺎﺭﻜﻬﻡ
-2ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ :ﺘﻤﻴﺯﺕ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ ﺒﺄﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺇﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ ،ﻤﺜﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻅﺎﻫﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ :
-ﻤﻨﺫ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ،ﻟﺠﺄ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﻠﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ ﻜل ﺃﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻓﻀﻴﻥ ﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺠﺒﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ
ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺵ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ، 5ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻴﻥ ﺒﺄﺴﻠﺤﺘﻬﻡ ﻭﺫﺨﺎﺌﺭﻫﻡ ،ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺎﺭﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻨﺴﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺸـﺭﻋﻭﺍ ﻓـﻲ
6
. ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ،ﻓﻲ ﺃﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﺴﺭﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻴﻌﺭﻓﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻗﻠﻴل ﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﺎﻀﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ
-ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ ﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ ﺜﻭﺭﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻨﻁﻠﻕ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺘﻁﻭﻋﻭﻥ ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎﺩ ﻀﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻬﺎﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺤﺭﺏ 1948ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ
ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﻨﺴﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻤﻨﻬﻡ "ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺝ ﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺒﻭﺼﻔﺼﺎﻑ ،ﺸﺭﻴﻁ ﻟﺯﻫﺭ ،ﺒﻭﺯﻨﺎﺩﺓ ﺒﻠﻘﺎﺴﻡ" ...ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ .ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﻋـﻭﺩﺓ
ﻫﺅﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩﻴﻥ ،ﺘﺤﻭﻟﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﺩﻉ ﻟﻸﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﺨﻴﺭﺓ ،7ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﻘل ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ "ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺒﻥ ﺒﻭﻟﻌﻴﺩ" ﺃﻭل ﺸـﺤﻨﺔ
ﻤﺎﺒﻴﻥ ،1949-1948ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺩﺍﺩﺍ ﻟﻠﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ.ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻗﺘﻨﺎﺀ ﺩﻓﻌﺔ ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻨﻘﻠﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻜﻴﺎﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻤـﺭ،
8
. ﻭﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺎﺌﺭ
9
-ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻤﺤل ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﺩ "ﺒﺸﻴﺭ ﺸﻴﺤﺎﻨﻲ" ﺜﻼﺙ ﻤﺭﺍﺕ ،ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻓﻲ 1955ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﺩ ﻤﻌﺭﻜﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻟـﻰ ﻓـﻲ"ﺃﻡ
ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻜﻡ"ﻓﻲ23ﺠﻭﻴﻠﻴﺔ ،10 1955ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺠﻭﻴﻠﻴﺔ ، 1955ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺘﺠﻪ ﻨﺤﻭ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺴـﻭﻑ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜـﺔ ﻋﻨـﺩﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﺍﺭ
ﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ 11ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻫﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ
-ﺘﺤﻤﻠﺕ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﺱ 12ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺇﻗﻠﻴﻡ ﺘﺒﺴﺔ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ،ﻋﺏﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻨﺴـﻲ ﺃﻴـﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺜـﻭﺭﺓ
ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭﻴﺔ؛ ﺇﺫ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﺭﺍ ﻤﺤﻭﺭﻴﺎ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﻺﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ :
-ﻗﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻨﻔﺘﺎﺤﻬﺎ ﺠﻨﻭﺒﺎ ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺴﻭﻑ ،ﻴﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻤﺠﺎﻻ ﺤﻴﻭﻴﺎ ﻟﻠﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴـﺎ
ﻭﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺎ ،ﻭﻤﻌﺒﺭﺍ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨل ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﻨﺴﻲ ،ﺤﻴﺙ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺜﻭﺭﺓ .13
-ﺘﺄﺜﺭ ﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﺱ -ﻤﺜل ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺘﺒﺴﺔ – ﺒﺎﻟﻨﻀﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺭﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﻨﺱ ﻗﺒل ﺇﻨـﺩﻻﻉ ﺍﻟﺜـﻭﺭﺓ،
ﻓﻨﻔﺫﻭﺍ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل ﻜﻤﺎﺌﻥ ﻀﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭ ،ﻤﺜﻠﻤﺎ ﺤﺩﺙ ﻓﻲ17ﺍﻜﺘﻭﺒﺭ ،1954ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺼﺏ ﻜﻤﻴﻥ ﻀـﺩ ﻜﺘﻴﺒـﺔ
1160
201835
ﻟﻠﺩﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻤﺘﺠﻬﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺒﺘﺒﺴﺔ ،ﺃﺴﻔﺭﺕ ﻋﻥ ﻗﺘل ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟـﺩﺭﻜﻴﻴﻥ ﻭﻏـﻨﻡ
ﺃﺴﻠﺤﺘﻬﻡ.
-ﺇﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ،ﻭﻭﻀﻊ ﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺘﻴﺵ ،ﻭﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺴﻭﺍﻕ ﻭﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﺫ
ﺴﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ.1954ﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺒﺤﻤﻠﺔ ﺘﻤﺸﻴﻁ ﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ ﺸﻤﻠﺕ ﺠﺒﺎل ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﻤﺸﺔ ﺃﺩﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻜﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺩﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ 13ﺴﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ
1954ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﺴﺘﺭﻴﺢ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ ﺒﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﺠﺎﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺒﻴﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻨﺘﻬـﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺸـﻬﺎﺩ
ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩﻴﻥ ،ﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﺌﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻉ ﻓﺭﺤﻲ ﺴﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻋﻭ "ﺒﺎﺒﺎﻨﺎ ﺴﺎﻋﻲ".
14
؛ﻓﻔﻲ 31ﺠﺎﻨﻔﻲ 1955ﻭﺼل -ﻤﺭﻭﺭ "ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺒﻥ ﺒﻭﻟﻌﻴﺩ" ﺒﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺘﺒﺴﺔ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺘﻭﺠﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﻭﻨﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﺠﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ
ﺇﻟﻰ ﺠﺒﺎل ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﻤﺸﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻨﺘﻘل ﻓﻲ 03ﻓﻴﻔﺭﻱ1955ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﺎﺓ "ﻜﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﻁ" ﻗﺭﺏ "ﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﻓﺭﻜﺎﻥ" ،ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﻰ
"ﺒﺭﻴﻙ ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺸﻴﺸﻲ" ﻭﻋﺭﺽ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻻﻨﻀﻤﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﺜﻭﺭﺓ.15
-ﻭﺼﻭل "ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺒﻥ ﺒﻭﻟﻌﻴﺩ" ﻓﻲ 04ﻓﻴﻔﺭﻱ 1955ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺒﺌﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺘﺭ ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺨل ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺩﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘـﺎﺅﻩ ﻤـﻊ
ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻴﻴﻥ ،16ﻭﺤﺜﻬﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻘﻴـﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﺱ ﻋـﻥ ﻁﺭﻴـﻕ ﻨﺎﺌﺒـﻪ "ﺒﺸـﻴﺭ
ﺸﻴﺤﺎﻨﻲ".17
ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺭﺠﻭﻉ "ﻋﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻴﺭﻱ" ﻤﻥ ﺘﻭﻨﺱ ،ﺘﻡ ﻀﺒﻁ ﻗﻭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩﻴﻥ ﻭﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﺍﻷﻓﻭﺍﺝ ،ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺘﺒﺴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻨـﻭﺍﺤﻲ
ﻫﻲ:
-ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺘﺒﺴﺔ ﺒﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ "ﻟﺯﻫﺭ ﺸﺭﻴﻁ".
-ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﺒﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ "ﻋﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﻗﺼﻲ" .
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. -ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺒﺌﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺘﺭ ﺒﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ "ﺴﺎﻋﻲ ﻓﺭﺤﻲ"
- 3ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻗﺒﻴل ﺇﻨﺩﻻﻉ ﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ :ﻤﻊ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺃﻓﺭﻴل ،1955ﺘﺤﻭل ﻤﻘـﺭ ﻗﻴـﺎﺩﺓ
ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ ﺒﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺨﻨﺸﻠﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺘﺒﺴﺔ ﺒﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﻫﻼل )ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ( ،ﺤﻴﺙ ﻋﻘﺩﺕ ﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺒـﻴﻥ
ﺃﻓﺭﻴل -ﺴﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ ، 1955ﻟﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻗﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺇﻴﺠﺎﺩ ﻤﻨﻔﺫ ﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻲ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺒﺘﻭﻨﺱ.
ﻋﺭﻓﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ ،ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﻗﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﺱ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺍﻨﺩﻻﻉ ﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺠـﺭﻑ؛ ﻓﻔـﻲ
05ﻤﺎﺭﺱ 1955ﺠﺭﻯ ﺍﺘﺼﺎل ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻗﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﺱ ﻭﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩﻱ ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ ﺒﺤﻀـﻭﺭ "ﺒﺸـﻴﺭ ﺸـﻴﺤﺎﻨﻲ
ﻭﻋﺠﻭل ﻋﺠﻭل ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻟﻐﺭﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻭﺭﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﺒﺸﻴﺭ)ﺴﻴﺩﻱ ﺤﻨﻲ(" ،ﺇﻟﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﻤﻤﺜﻠﻲ ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻕ ﺒﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ "ﻓﺭﺤـﻲ ﺴـﺎﻋﻲ ﻭ
ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻼﻟﻲ ﺒﻥ ﻋﻤﺭ ﻭﻋﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﻗﺼﻲ" ،ﻭﺘﻡ ﺍﻻﺘﻔﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﺕ ﻗﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺠﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻤﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺓ "ﺒﺸـﻴﺭ ﻭﺭﺘـﺎﻥ"
ﺒﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ "ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻼﻟﻲ ﺒﻥ ﻋﻤﺭ،ﻋﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﻗﺼﻲ ،ﺍﻋﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻴﺭﻱ ﻭﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﺠﺎﻭﻱ" ،ﻭﺍﻻﺤﺘﻔﺎﻅ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻔﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎ ﻤـﻊ
"ﺍﻋﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻴﺭﻱ" .19
-4ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻬﺩﺓ ﻻﻨﺩﻻﻉ ﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ :ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺘﻨﻘﻠﻬﻡ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺠﺒﺎل ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﻤﺸﺔ ،ﻴﻌﻘﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋـﺎﺕ
ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻵﺨﺭ ،ﻤﻤﺎ ﺘﺴﺒﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺸﻭﺏ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻤﻌﺎﺭﻙ ﻭﺍﺸﺘﺒﺎﻜﺎﺕ ﻤﻊ ﻗﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭ ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ:
ﺃﻭﻻ:ﺍﺠﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﻤﻴﻁﺭ ﺠﻨﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﺒل ﺍﻷﺒﻴﺽ ﺃﻓﺭﻴل 1955
ﺃﺸﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻉ "ﺒﺸﻴﺭ ﺸﻴﺤﺎﻨﻲ" ،ﻭﺘﻘﺭﺭ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻫﻴﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ:
" -ﺤﻤﺔ ﻟﺨﻀﺭ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ" ﻤﺴﺅﻭﻻ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺴﻭﻑ.
" -ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻼﻟﻲ ﺒﻥ ﻋﻤﺭ" ﻤﺴﺅﻭﻻ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺠﻨﻭﺏ ﺘﻭﻨﺱ.
20
. " -ﻟﺯﻫﺭ ﺸﺭﻴﻁ ﻤﺴﺅﻭﻻ" ﻋﻥ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻜﻡ
-ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺩﻭﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﻨﻔﺫ ﻜﻤﺎﺌﻥ ﻀﺩ ﻗﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ،ﻤﺜـل ﻜﻤـﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺒﻭﺘﺭﺒـﺎﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻘﻠـﺔ ﺠـﻭﺍﻥ
،1955ﻭﻜﻤﻴﻥ ﻜﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻭﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻭﻴﻠﻴﺔ 1955ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﻤﺎ.
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-ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺩﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩﻴﻥ ﺒﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻗﻨﺯ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺴﻭﻕ ﺃﻫﺭﺍﺱ .
-ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺩﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩﻴﻥ ﺒﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ "ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﻫﺎﺏ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ" ﻤﺤﻤﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﻟﺸﻤﺎل ﻗﺴﻨﻁﻴﻨﺔ .
-ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺩﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩﻴﻥ ﺒﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ "ﺤﻤﺔ ﻟﺨﻀﺭ ﻭ ﺠﺩﻱ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺩ "ﻨﺤﻭ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺴﻭﻑ ،ﻟﺘﻨﺸﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻓﻲ 29ﺠﻭﻴﻠﻴـﺔ،1955
ﻭﻓﻲ ﻴﻭﻡ 31ﻤﻥ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺭ ﺘﻭﺠﻬﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺒل ﺍﻷﺒﻴﺽ ﻭﺍﺸﺘﺒﻜﺕ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭ ﻓـﻲ ﻤﻌﺭﻜـﺔ ﻫـﻭﺩ ﺸـﻴﻜﺔ ﻓـﻲ
14ﺃﻭﺕ.1955
21
. -ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺩﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩﻴﻥ ﺒﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ "ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻭﻁﻤﻴﻥ ﻭﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﺃﻜﻠﻲ" ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ )ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺌل ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺭﻯ( ﻟﺩﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺭ ﺓ
ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎ :ﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻜﻡ 23ﺠﻭﻴﻠﻴﺔ :1955ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺃﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺭﻯ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﻗـﻭﺍﺕ ﺠـﻴﺵ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴـﺭ
ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ،ﺤﻴﺙ ﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﺜﻼﺜﻤﺎﺌﺔ ﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩ ،ﻭﺤﻀﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﻗﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻭﻤﻨﻬﻡ "ﺒﺸﻴﺭ ﺸﻴﺤﺎﻨﻲ"
.22
23
ﻗﺭﺏ ﺘﺎﺒﻘﺭﺩﺓ 15ﺴﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ : 1955ﺤﻀﺭ ﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻉ "ﺒﺸﻴﺭ ﺸﻴﺤﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﺒﻥ ﺒﻭﻟﻌﻴﺩ ﻭﻋﺠـﻭل ﺜﺎﻟﺜﺎ :ﺇﺠﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ
ﻋﺠﻭل ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻟﻐﺭﻭﺭ ﻭﻟﺯﻫﺭ ﺸﺭﻴﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻴﻼﻟﻲ ﺒﻥ ﻋﻤﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺯﻴﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺩ )ﺍﻟﻤـﺩﻋﻭ ﻗﺭﻨـﻭﻑ( ﻭﻓﺭﺤـﻲ ﺴـﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﻋﻤـﺭ
ﺍﻟﺒﻭﻗﺼﻲ" ،ﻭﺘﻘﺭﺭ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﻘﺩ ﺍﺠﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺸﺎﻤل ﺘﺤﻀﺭﻩ ﻗﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ،ﻭﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﺭﻯ ﻭﻤﺩﺍﺸـﺭ ﺒﻤـﺎ ﻓـﻴﻬﻡ
24
،ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻫﻴﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺍﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌـﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﻥ ،ﻟﻠﺘﺼﺩﻱ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺭﻭﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﺠﻴﺵ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ
ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ:
" -ﺍﻟﺒﺸﻴﺭ ﻭﺭﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻋﻭ ﺴﻴﺩﻱ ﺤﻨﻲ" ﻤﺴﺅﻭﻻ ﻋﻥ ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺘﺒﺴﺔ .
" -ﺤﻤﺔ ﺒﻥ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ" ﻤﺴﺅﻭﻻ ﻋﻥ ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺘﺎﺯﺒﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻏﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻭﻨﺯﺓ.
" -ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻼﻟﻲ ﺒﻥ ﻋﻤﺭ" ﻤﺴﺅﻭﻻ ﻋﻥ ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﻨﻘﺭﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﻨﺴﻲ.
" -ﻟﺯﻫﺭ ﺸﺭﻴﻁ" ﻤﺴﺅﻭﻻ ﻋﻥ ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺒل ﺍﻷﺒﻴﺽ ﻭﺒﺌﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺘﺭ.
" -ﻋﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﻗﺼﻲ" ﻤﺴﺅﻭﻻ ﻋﻥ ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺴﺩﺭﺍﺘﺔ.
"-ﻋﻠﻲ ﻜﺭﺒﺎﺩﻭ" ﻤﺴﺅﻭﻻ ﻋﻥ ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺸﺭﺸﺎﺭ.
" -ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺠﺎﻨﻲ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻨﻲ" ﻤﺴﺅﻭﻻ ﻋﻥ ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺨﻨﺸﻠﺔ .
"-ﺍﻟﻭﺭﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎل " ﻤﺴﺅﻭﻻ ﻋﻥ ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺴﻭﻕ ﺍﻫﺭﺍﺱ.
" -ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻟﻐﺭﻭﺭ" ﻤﺴﺅﻭﻻ ﻋﻥ ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﺨﺭﻭﺏ ﻭﻋﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﻭﻥ .25
ﺇﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ،ﺠﻌﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﺩﺭﺝ ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺘﺒﺴﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻓـﺭﺽ
ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺍﺭﺉ ﻓﻲ 03ﺍﻓﺭﻴل 1955ﻟﺨﻨﻕ ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺭﺓ ،ﻭﺠﻠﺒﺕ ﻓﺭﻗﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻠﻴﻴﻥ ﻭﺠﻨﻭﺩﺍ ﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼـﻴﻥ ﻓـﻲ ﺤـﺭﺏ
ﺍﻟﺠﺒﺎل ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺼﺎﺭ ،ﻭﻤﻨﻊ ﺃﻱ ﺸﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺃﺸﻜﺎل ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﺎﻟﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻭﺩ ،ﻟﺠﻠـﺏ ﺍﻟﺴـﻼﺡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻴـﻑ ﺒﺎﻟﻘﻀـﻴﺔ
26
. ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻴﺔ
27
20-15ﺴﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ : 1955ﺤﻀﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﺨﻤﺴﻤﺎﺌﺔ ﻭﺍﻓﺩ ،ﻭﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﻗﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺭﺍﺒﻌﺎ :ﺍﺠﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻓﺔ
ﻭﺃﻟﻘﻰ ﻓﻴﻪ "ﺒﺸﻴﺭ ﺸﻴﺤﺎﻨﻲ" ﺨﻁﺎﺒﺎ ،ﺃﻜﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﺎﺩﻴﺎ ،29ﻭﺒﺸﺭ ﺒﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻴـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ 28
ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ
ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻟﻸﻤﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ،ﻜﻤﺎﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺏ ﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺘﺒﺴﺔ ،ﻭﻨﻭﻩ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺒﺠﻴﺵ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ.
ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺨﻁﺎﺒﻪ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ" :ﻻ ﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻟﻤﻥ ﻻ ﻴﺩﺍﻓﻊ ﻋﻥ ﻭﻁﻨﻪ ...ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻱ ،ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﻟﻔﺭﻨﺴـﺎ
ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺸﺒﺭ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ " .30
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ﻏﻴﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺴﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻤﺕ ﺒﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﻭﻭﺠﻬﺕ ﻗﻭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺒﺌﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺘﺭ ﻭﺨﻨﺸﻠﺔ ﻨﺤـﻭ
ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ،ﻭﻓﺭﻀﺕ ﺤﺼﺎﺭﺍ ﺨﺎﻨﻘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩﻴﻥ ،ﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻡ ،ﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﻨﺴﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻟﺠﻨـﻭﺏ
ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺼﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺒل ﺍﻷﺒﻴﺽ ﺒﺠﺒﺎل ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ . 31
ﻭﻓﻲ ﺼﺒﻴﺤﺔ ﻴﻭﻡ 21ﺴﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ 1955ﺃﺭﺴل ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﺩ "ﺒﺸﻴﺭ ﺸﻴﺤﺎﻨﻲ" ﺩﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻘﻴـﺎﺩﺓ "ﻓﺎﺭﺴـﻲ ﻤﺤﻤـﺩ ﺒـﻥ
ﻋﺠﺭﻭﺩ" ،ﻻﻋﺘﺭﺍﺽ ﻗﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ،ﻭﺍﺸﺘﺒﻜﺕ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﺎﺓ "ﻓﺭﻁﻭﻁﺔ" ﺸﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ ﻗﺭﺏ
ﺠﺒل ﺃﺭﻗﻭ ،ﻭﺍﻨﺘﻬﺕ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺸﻬﺎﺩ ﺩﻭﺭﻴﺔ "ﻓﺎﺭﺴﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ" ".32
ﺘﺸﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﺩ "ﺒﺸﻴﺭ ﺸﻴﺤﺎﻨﻲ" ﻤﻊ ﻤﻘﺭﺒﻴﻪ ،ﻭﻗﺭﺭ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺒﺎﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﻁﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺩﻓﺎﻋﻴـﺔ
،ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭ ﺍﻟﺯﺤﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻘﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺒﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﻫﻼل ﺼﺒﻴﺤﺔ ﻴﻭﻡ 22ﺴﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ،1955ﻟﺘﺒﺩﺃ ﻓﺼﻭل ﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ
ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ.33
-5ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻌﺩﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ :ﺤﺸﺩﺕ ﻓﺭﻨﺴﺎ ﺠﻴﻭﺸﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﺴﺢ ﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﻁﻬﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﻗـﺎﺭﺏ
ﺜﻼﺜﻤﺎﺌﺔ ﻜﻴﻠﻭﻤﺘﺭ ﺨﻼل ﻋﺩﺓ ﺃﻴﺎﻡ؛ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻴـﺔ)ﺍﻟﻁـﺎﺌﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻨﺒﻠﺔ،ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﺩﻴـﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺴـﺘﻁﻼﻋﻴﺔ( ﻭﻗﻨﺎﺒـل
ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺌﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﺒل ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺭﻗﺔ) ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺒﺎﻟﻡ ،ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺴﻔﻭﺭ( ﻭﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺍﻓﻊ )ﺒﻌﻴـﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤـﺩﻯ ﻋﻴـﺎﺭ 155ﻤﻠـﻡ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻬـﺎﻭﻥ…(
ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺒﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ )ﺠﻨﻭﺩ ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁ ،ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻨﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﺎﺭﻗﺔ ،ﺍﻟﺘﻭﻨﺴـﻴﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻐﺎﺭﺒـﺔ
ﻭﻗﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻴﻑ ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻲ ( ،ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺨﻼل ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ.
ﺇﻥ ﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﺢ ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ،ﻗﺩ ﺃﻗﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠـﺯﺝ ﺒﻤﻌﻅـﻡ ﻗﻭﺍﺘﻬـﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺴـﻜﺭﻴﺔ
ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ؛ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺃﺤﺼﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﻗﻭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺸﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘـﺔ ﺤﺘـﻰ ﺠﻭﻴﻠﻴـﺔ
1955ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ:
-ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﻜﺘﺎﺌﺏ ﻭﻁﺎﺒﻭﺭ ﻤﻐﺭﺒﻲ ﺘﻤﺭﻜﺯﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺭﻴﺱ.
-ﺴﺘﺔ ﻜﺘﺎﺌﺏ ﻭﻁﺎﺒﻭﺭ ﻤﻐﺭﺒﻲ ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺭﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺨﻨﺸﻠﺔ.
-ﻜﺘﻴﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻭﻁﺎﺒﻭﺭ ﻤﻐﺭﺒﻲ ﻭﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺼﺤﺭﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﺠﻨﻭﺏ ﺒﺴﻜﺭﺓ .
-ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻁﻭﺍﺒﻴﺭ ﻤﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﻜﺘﻴﺒﺘﺎﻥ ﻤﺘﻨﻘﻠﺘﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻴﻑ ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻲ ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺭﻭﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺒﺴﺔ.
-ﻜﺘﻴﺒﺘﺎﻥ ﺇﺜﻨﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﺴﺕ ﺴﺭﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺭﻭﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺎﺘﻨﺔ.
ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺭﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻭﻨﺔ )ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﺫﺍﺘﻲ،ﺤﺭﻜﺔ (.ﻭﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻘـﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻨﺴـﻴﺔ
ﺃﺭﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﺃﻟﻑ ﻤﻘﺎﺘل .ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﺩﻋﻤﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﺒﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺭﺍﺩﻋﺔ ،ﻤﺜل ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺍﺭﺉ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻬﺠﻴـﺭ ﺍﻟـﺫﻱ ﺍﻋﺘﻤـﺩﻩ
ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ03ﺃﻓﺭﻴل ،341955ﻟﻴﻁﺒﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺭﺍل )ﺒﺎﺭﻻﻨﺞ.35(Parlange-
-6ﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ :ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎل ﺘﻁﻭﻴﻕ ﻗﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺵ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ ،ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺸﻬﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﺩ "ﻓﺎﺭﺴﻲ ﻤﺤﻤـﺩ ﺒـﻥ
ﻋﺠﺭﻭﺩ" .36ﺃﺭﺴل ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﺩ "ﺒﺸﻴﺭ ﺸﻴﺤﺎﻨﻲ" " ،ﻋﺒﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺯﻴﻥ" ﺭﻓﻘﺔ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩﻴﻥ ﻻ ﺘﺯﻴﺩ ﻋﻥ ﺨﻤﺴﻴﻥ ﺠﻨﺩﻴﺎ ﻹﻴﺠـﺎﺩ
ﻤﻨﻔﺫ ﻟﻠﺨﺭﻭﺝ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ ،ﻟﻜﻨﻬﻡ ﺍﺸﺘﺒﻜﻭﺍ ﻤﻊ ﻗﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭ ،ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﺘﺄﻜﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﺩ "ﺒﺸﻴﺭ ﺸﻴﺤﺎﻨﻲ" ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺼﻁﺩﺍﻡ.
-ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ 22ﺴﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ : 1955ﻋﻨﺩ ﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺢ ﻟﻴﻭﻡ22ﺴﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ،1955ﺴﻤﻌﺕ ﺃﺼﻭﺍﺕ ﻤﺤﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ
ﻭﺩﺒﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﺘﻤﻸ ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ ﻤﺩﻋﻤﺔ ﺒﻘﻭﺍﺕ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ .ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻤﻨﺔ ﺼﺒﺎﺤﺎ ،ﺤﻠﻘﺕ ﻁﺎﺌﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻁﻼﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺴـﻤﺎﺀ
37
،ﺍﺘﺒﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻁﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﻤﺩﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﺘﺴﺒﺒﺕ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ ،ﻭﺃﻟﻘﺕ ﻗﻨﺎﺒل ﺩﺨﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻹﺭﻏﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻐﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻤﺨﺎﺒﺌﻬﻡ ﻻﻗﺘﻨﺎﺼﻬﻡ
ﺘﻁﺎﻴﺭ ﻤﻭﺍﺸﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﻏﻨﺎﻤﻬﻡ ﻤﻊ ﺸﻅﺎﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﺒل ،ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺸﻬﺩ ﻓﻭﺭﺍ ﺴﺘﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ .ﻭ ﺘﺠﺩﺩ ﻗﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ ﺠﻭﺍ ﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ
ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺴﻌﺔ ﺼﺒﺎﺤﺎ ،ﻟﺘﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺩﺒﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺵ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ ﻗـﺎﺭﺏ ﻋـﺩﺩﻫﻡ
ﺜﻼﺜﻤﺎﺌﺔ ﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩ ،38ﻤﻨﺫ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺼﺒﺎﺤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻭﺍﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎل ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺭﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺭﻕ.
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201835
ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﻫﺩﻭﺀ ﻨﺴﺒﻲ ﹸﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﻭل ،ﺘﺠﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻑ ﻻﺴﺘﻁﻼﻉ ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ ﺭﺩﻭﺍ ﺒﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ،ﻭﻟـﻡ
ﺘﺘﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﻭﺏ ،ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺭﺍﺠﻌﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺘﺨﺫﺕ ﻭﻀﻌﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻴﺕ ،ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻀـﺎﺀﺓ ﺃﺭﺽ
ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﻭﺇﻁﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺭﺼﺎﺹ ﻋﺸﻭﺍﺌﻴﺎ ،ﻭﺒﺩﻭﺭﻫﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﻐل ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘـﺯﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠـﺎﺘﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ ﻭﺘﺒـﺎﺩل
ﺍﻷﺨﺒﺎﺭ.
-ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ : 1955/09/23ﻋﻨﺩ ﺒﺯﻭﻍ ﺸﻤﺱ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻟﻲ ،ﺸﺭﻋﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺼـﻑ ﺘﻤﻬﻴـﺩﻱ ،
ﺃﻋﻘﺒﻪ ﻗﻨﺒﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﺭﺍﻥ ﻟﻠﻘﻠﻌﺔ ،ﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺠﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻤﺎﺀ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻐﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻬﻭﻑ.
ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺴﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﻑ ،ﺍﺸﺘﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎل ﺤﺘﻰ ﻤﻨﺘﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺸﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩﻴﻥ ،ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺸﻬﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ
ﻋﺸﺭﺓ ﻭﺠﺭﺡ ﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻀﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻬﻘﺭ ،ﺜﻡ ﺘﺠﺩﺩ ﺍﻻﺼﻁﺩﺍﻡ ﻤﺴﺎﺀﺍ.
-ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ : 1955/09/24ﻭﻓﻲ ﺼﺒﻴﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ،ﺘﺩﻋﻤﺕ ﻗﻭﺍﺕ ﻓﺭﻨﺴـﺎ ﺒـﺄﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻴـﻑ ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒـﻲ
،ﻭﺸﺭﻋﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻭﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ ،ﺤﻴﺙ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺒﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻡ ،ﻭﻤﻥ ﺨﻠﻔﻬـﺎ ﻗـﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻴـﻑ
ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺠﻠﺔ ،ﻤﺩﻋﻤﺔ ﺒﻤﺩﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻭﻥ ﻭﻤﺩﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺭﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ.
ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﻗﺭﺭﺕ ﺍﻗﺘﺤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ ،ﺇﺫ ﺘﻤﻜﻨﺕ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺩﺒﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﺤﺘﻼل ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ،
ﻭﺼﺎﺭﺕ ﺘﺸﻜل ﺨﻁﺭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﻥ ﻟﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺘﻬﺎ ،ﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﻌل ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﺩ "ﺒﺸﻴﺭ ﺸـﻴﺤﺎﻨﻲ" ﻴﻌﻘـﺩ ﺍﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋـﺎ
ﻋﺎﺠﻼ ﻤﻊ ﻨﺎﺌﺒﻴﻪ ،ﻭﻴﺄﻤﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﺨﺭﻭﺝ ﻤﺴﺎﺀﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ .ﺜﻡ ﺘﻭﺍﺼﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﻁﻭﺍل ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ،ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺸـﻬﺩ ﻋﺸـﺭﻭﻥ
ﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩﺍ ،ﻭﺠﺭﺡ ﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺭ ﺁﺨﺭﺍ.
ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ ،ﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﻗﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻴﻑ ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩﻴﻥ -ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺸﻬﺩ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺒﻬﺎ -ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﺒـل
ﺍﻟﻴﺩﻭﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻴل ،ﻭﻓﻘﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺩﺩﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺩﺍﺀ .
-ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻭﺝ :ﻓﻲ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺴﻌﺔ ﻟﻴﻼ ،ﺨﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻓﻭﺍﺠﺎ ﻭﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺍﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺒﻴﺔ ،39ﻓﺎﺼﻁﺩﻤﻭﺍ
ﺒﻔﻴﻠﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﺎﺭﺒﺔ ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﺼﻁﺩﺍﻡ ﺩﻤﻭﻴﺎ ﻭﻷﻭل ﻤﺭﺓ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﺍﻷﺒﻴﺽ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻟﺭﺼﺎﺹ .
ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﻓﺠﺭ ﻴﻭﻡ ،1955/09/25ﺘﺴﺎﺒﻘﺕ ﻗﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺵ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻨﺤﻭ ﻭﺴﻁ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ،ﻭﺃﻋﺩﻤﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻴﺩ
"ﺒﺨﻭﺵ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﺭﺍﺘﻲ" ،ﺜﻡ ﻁﺎﺭﺩﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺘﻜﺒﻭﺍ ﻤﺠﺎﺯﺭ ﺠﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺒﺸﻌﺔ ،ﻭﺃﺤﺭﻗﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺯل ،40ﺒﻤﻥ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ،
ﻭﺠﺭﺩﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻠﻴﻬﻥ ،ﻭﺼﺎﺩﺭﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺸﻲ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺯﺍﻕ ،ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺎﺩﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺭﺠﺎل ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻌـﺫﻴﺏ ﻭﺍﻹﺴـﺘﻨﻁﺎﻕ ،ﻭﻤﻨﻬـﺎ
ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ ،41ﺃﻤﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺼﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﺩ "ﺒﺸﻴﺭ ﺸﻴﺤﺎﻨﻲ" ﻭﺭﻓﻘﺎﺌﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ ﻭﻫﻡ)"ﻋﻠﻲ ﻟﻤﻌـﺎﻓﻲ،ﺯﺩﻴﺭﺓ ﻋﺒـﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ،ﻤﺤﻤـﺩ
ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺒﻲ ،ﺒﻭﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﻋﻭﻥ ﺍﷲ،ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﻟﺠﻲ ﻭﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺭ"( ،42ﻓﻘﺩ ﻅﻠﻭﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﻭﻑ ﻟﻤﺩﺓ ﺴﺘﺔ ﻟﻴﺎل ﻭﺴﺒﻌﺔ ﺃﻴﺎﻡ ،43ﺜﻡ
ﺍﻨﺼﺭﻓﻭﺍ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺒﻴﺕ ﻤﻨﻌﺯل ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ.
-7ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ :ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻭﺒﺔ ﺒﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺨﺴﺎﺌﺭ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻓﻴﻥ ،ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺵ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺒـﺎﻟﺠﺭﻑ
ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩﻩ ،ﻭﺤﺘﻰ ﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ "ﺍﻟﺠﺭﺍﻓﺔ "ﻏﺎﺩﺭﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﻌﺭﻀﻬﻡ ﻟﻠﻘﺼﻑ ،ﻭﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﺘﻀـﺎﺭﺒﺕ ﺃﺭﻗـﺎﻡ
ﺨﺴﺎﺌﺭ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻓﻴﻥ .ﻭﻋﻤﻭﻤﺎ ﻓﻘﺩ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺨﺴﺎﺌﺭ ﺠﻴﺵ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻼل ﻜﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ :ﻤﺎﺒﻴﻥ 800-400ﻗﺘﻴل ﻭﺃﻜﺜـﺭ ﻤـﻥ 1500ﺠـﺭﻴﺢ
،ﻓﻘﺩﺍﻥ 100ﺠﻨﺩﻱ،ﺇﺴﻘﺎﻁ ﺜﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﻁﺎﺌﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺘﺩﻤﻴﺭ ﺜﻼﺙ ﻤﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ،44ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻥ ﻀﻴﺎﻉ ﻜﻤﻴـﺎﺕ ﻜﺒﻴـﺭﺓ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟـﺫﺨﻴﺭﺓ
ﻭﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ150ﻗﻁﻌﺔ ﺃﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﻜﺎﻟﺒﻨﺎﺩﻕ ﺍﻵﻟﻴﺔ )50ﺒﻨﺩﻗﻴﺔ( ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ.45
ﺃﻤﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻀﺤﻴﺎﺕ ﺠﻴﺵ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻲ ،ﻓﻘﺩ ﺘﺒﺎﻴﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭﺍﺕ ،ﻭﻋﻤﻭﻤﺎ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻤﺎ ﺒـﻴﻥ 70-60ﺸـﻬﻴﺩ ﻭ90-60
ﺠﺭﻴﺢ ،ﻭﻀﻴﺎﻉ 15ﻗﻁﻌﺔ ﺴﻼﺡ ،ﺘﻌﺫﺭ ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻔﺎﻅ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻭﺝ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺘﻥ ﻗﺎﻓﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻐﺎل.
46
ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺩﺍﺸﺭ ﻭﻗﺘل ﺍﻷﻫﺎﻟﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺃﻁﻔﺎل ﻭﺸﻴﻭﺥ ،ﻭﺼـﺎﺩﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺃﺤﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺵ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﻋﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻯ
ﺤﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺸﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺅﻥ ،ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺫﻴﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺔ ؛ ﻓﻔﻲ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺘﺒﺴﺔ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻓﺭﻨﺴﺎ ﻗﺩ ﺃﻨﺸﺄﺕ ﻤﻨـﺫ
1164
201835
ﺍﻨﺩﻻﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻤﻁﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﻴﻨﺎﺕ ،ﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺫﻴﺏ،ﻭﺇﺤﺩﻯ ﻋﺸﺭ ﻤﺭﻜﺯﺍ ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﻭﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﺸـﺭ ﻤﻜﺎﻨـﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﺘـل
ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﻲ ،ﻭﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺤﺘﺸﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﺜﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺨﻤﺴﻴﻥ ﺜﻜﻨﺔ.47
-8ﺃﺼﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ :ﻜﺎﻥ ﻟﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ،ﺃﺼﺩﺍﺀ ﻫﺎﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ؛ ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ ﺃﺯﺍﻟـﺕ ﺍﻟﺤـﺎﺠﺯ
ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻴﻴﻥ ،ﻓﺼﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﻻ ﻴﻬﺎﺒﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭ ﻤﻬﻤﺎ ﺒﻠﻐﺕ ﻗﻭﺘﻪ ،ﻭﺭﻓﻌﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ
ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ ﺘﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺸﺒﺎﺒﻬﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻤﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺒﺎل ﺘﻁﻭﻋﺎ ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎﺩ .
ﻭﺭﻏﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺒﺈﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ ،ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﺃﻜـﺩﺕ ﻋﺩﺍﻟـﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻀـﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴـﺔ ،
ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻤﺎﺘﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻕ ،ﺭﻏﻡ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺘﻜﺎﻓﺅ ﻤﻭﺍﺯﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻯ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻓﻴﻥ ،ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﺨﺼﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻁـل ﺍﻟﺸـﻬﻴﺩ
"ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﺒﻥ ﻤﻬﻴﺩﻱ" ﻟﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﻴﻪ ﻗﺒل ﺇﻋﺩﺍﻤﻪ ﻓﻘﺎل ﻋﻨﻬﺎ "ﻗﺩ ﺃﻋﻁﻴﻨﺎﻜﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ ﺩﺭﺴﺎ ﻻ ﻴﻨﺴﻰ" .48
ﺇﻥ ﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺠﻬﺩﺍ ﻋﻅﻴﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﻪ ﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬـﺔ ﺍﻹﺴـﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺴـﺘﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ،
ﻭﺤﻘﻘﻭﺍ ﺍﻨﺘﺼﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻋﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﻔﻀل ﺘﻀﺤﻴﺎﺘﻬﻡ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔـﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺸـﻌﺏ ﺤـﻭﻟﻬﻡ ﻭﺃﻟﻬﻤـﺕ ﺍﻟﺸـﻌﺭﺍﺀ
ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻴﻴﻥ ﻭﻤﻨﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ "ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻭﻜﻲ" ﻓﻘﺎل:
ﻴﺨﺒﺭﻜـﻡ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺠﺄﺸﻨـــﺎ ﺴـﻠﻭﺍ ﺠﺒل ﺍﻟﺠﺭ ﻑ ﻋـــﻥ ﺠﻴﺸﻨـﺎ
49
ﺒﺠﻴﺵ ﺍﻟﺯﻋﺎﻨﻔﺔ ﺍﻵﺜﻤﻴـــﻥ ﻭﻴﻌﻠﻤﻜﻡ ﻋـــﻥ ﻤـﺩﻯ ﺒﻁﺸﻨــــﺎ
ﺇﻥ ﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ ﻭﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﻫﺠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ،1955/08/20ﻗﺩ ﺤﺴﻤﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﻟﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺠﻴﺵ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ ﻭﺃﻓﺸﻠﺕ ﺇﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ
ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﺩ "ﺴﻭﺴﺘﺎل" ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻗﻀﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺤﻼﻤﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺼل ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺏ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺭﺓ ،ﺒل ﺃﻗﻨﻌﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻴﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻭﺴﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺜـﻭﺭﺓ
ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻱ ﺒﺩﻟﻴل ﻫﺠﻭﻤﺎﺕ .50 1955/10/31
ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﺼﺩﻯ ﻭﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ ،ﻓﻘﺩ ﺩﺭﺴﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ "ﺴﺎﻥ ﺴﻴﺭ"،ﻭﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓﻴﺎ ﻭﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ
ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﺭﺍ ﻭﺠﻭﺍ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻼ.51
ﺇﻥ ﻓﺭﻨﺴﺎ ﻟﻡ ﺘﺨﺴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻠﻰ ﻓﻘﻁ ،ﺒل ﺨﺴﺭﺕ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ.
ﺇﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻓﺭﻨﺴﺎ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻅﻭﺭﺓ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺎ ،ﻭﻗﻨﺎﺒل ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﻟﻡ ،ﺴﺒﺏ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻨﻬﺯﺍﻤﺎ ﺴﻴﺎﺴـﻴﺎ؛ ﺤﻴـﺙ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﻌـﺕ
ﺃﺼﻭﺍﺕ ﻤﻨﺩﺩﺓ ﺒﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﻤﺴﺅﻭﻟﺔ ؛ ﻓﻘﺩ ﻗﺩﻡ ﻨﻭﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺎﻟﺘﻬﻡ ،ﺍﺤﺘﺠﺎﺠﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺭﻓﻊ
ﺸﻌﺎﺭ " ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻷﺨﻭﺓ ،ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ" ﻭﻻ ﺘﻁﺒﻘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ.
ﻟﻘﺩ ﺃﺜﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺠﻭﺍﺯﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻴﺔ ،ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﺴﺱ ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ "ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺒﻥ ﺠﻠﻭل" ﻜﺘﻠـﺔ
ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺘﻴﻥ) (61ﻨﺎﺌﺒﺎ ﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ 26ﺴﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ1955ﺘﺤﺕ ﺭﺌﺎﺴﺘﻪ ،52ﺤﻴﺙ ﺼﺎﺭﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌـﺔ
ﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﻤﺎﺝ ﻭﺘﺠﺎﻭﺏ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺨﺒﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻟﺱ ،ﺤﻴﺙ ﺒﺩﺃﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﻭﺍﺭﺩ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ ؛ ﻓﻘﺩﻡ ﻴﻭﻡ30ﺩﻴﺴﻤﺒﺭ1955ﻜﻼ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ "ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻀﻲ ،ﺁﻴﺕ ﺍﻋﻤـﺭ ﻭﺸـﻌﻼل ،ﺼـﺎﻟﺢ
ﺃﺭﺯﻭﺭ" ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺎﻟﺘﻬﻡ .53ﻭﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻨﺼﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻔﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻴﺔ.54
ﻭﺭﻏﻡ ﻀﺤﺎﻤﺔ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺯﺤﻔﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ )ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ 45ﺃﻟﻑ ﻋﺴﻜﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠـﻑ ﺍﻟﺭﺘـﺏ
ﻭﺍﻷﺴﻠﺤﺔ( ،ﻭﻗﻭﺍﺕ ﻭﺃﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻑ ﺍﻷﻁﻠﺴﻲ ،55ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺨﺭﺠﺕ ،ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﺠﺭ ﺃﺫﻴﺎل ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺒﺔ.
ﺃﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﺒﻠﻭﻤﺎﺴﻲ ،ﻓﻘﺩ ﻋﺠﻠﺕ ﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ ﺒﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺩﻭل ﺃﻋﻤـﺎل ﺍﻟـﺩﻭﺭﺓ
ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﻴﻭﻡ 20ﺴﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ 1955ﺒﻌﺩ ﻁﻠﺏ ﻗﺩﻤﺘﻪ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺭ ﺒﻠﺩﺍ ﻤﻥ ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻨﺩﻭﻨﻎ ؛ ﻓﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﺩﺍﻭﻻﺕ -27
30ﺴﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ، 1955ﺴﺠﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺒﺄﻏﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺼﻭﺕ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ،56ﻭﺍﻜﺘﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﻓﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺍﻷﻤﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﺒﺎﻻﻨﺴﺤﺎﺏ ،ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ
ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ،ﺼﺭﺡ "ﺴﻭﺴﺘﺎل" ﻗﺎﺌﻼ":ﺇﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻴﻭﻴﻭﺭﻙ ﺃﺜﻤﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻓﻠﺔ ﺃﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺠﺒﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ.57
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-ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺘﻤﺔ
ﻟﻘﺩ ﻅل ﺃﻭﺭﺍﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﻤﺸﺔ ﺼﺎﻤﺩﺍ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻗﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺵ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﻭﻤﺴﺎﻨﺩﺍ ﻟﺠﻴﺵ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻲ ،ﺒﺩﻟﻴل ﺘﺠﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻙ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ ﻤﺜل ﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ 06ﺃﻓﺭﻴل ، 1956ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺨﺭﺝ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺠﻴﺵ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴـﺭ ﻤﻨﺘﺼـﺭﺍ ،ﺒﻘﺘـل
ﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ 374ﺠﻨﺩﻴﺎ ﻓﺭﻨﺴﻴﺎ ،ﻭﺠﺭﺡ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻤﺌﺎﺕ ﺁﺨﺭﻴﻥ ﻭﺘﺤﻁﻴﻡ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺌﺭﺍﺕ ،ﻭﻏﻨﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺸﺎﺸـﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﺒـل
ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺩﺍﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺘﺎﺩ ﻭﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل.
ﻭﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﺭﻀﺕ ﻓﺭﻨﺴﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﻭ ﺸﺩﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻨﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﻭﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ،ﻟﻜﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻡ ﻴﺜﻥ ﻤﺠﺎﻫـﺩﻱ
ﺠﻴﺵ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ ،ﻟﻠﻤﻀﻲ ﻗﺩﻤﺎ ﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ ﻜل ﺸﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻲ .ﺇﻥ ﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺠـﺭﻑ ﻭﻟـﺩﺕ ﻤـﻥ ﺭﺤـﻡ ﺜـﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻭل
ﻨﻭﻓﻤﺒﺭ 1954ﻭﺘﻌﺩ ﻤﻠﺤﻤﺔ ﺇﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻨﺠﺎﺯﺍ ﺜﻭﺭﻴﺎ ﻋﻅﻴﻤﺎ ،ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻋﺩﻡ ﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻯ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺜﻠﺔ ﻤﺅﻤﻨﺔ ﺒﺤﻘﻬﺎ ﻭﺒﺤﻕ ﺸـﻌﺒﻬﺎ
ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺭﺍﻤﺔ ،ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﺠﺤﺎﻓل ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﺒﺄﻓﺘﻙ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻤﺎﺭ .ﺇﻥ ﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ ،ﺇﻤﺘﺤﺎﻥ ﻋﺴـﻴﺭ
ﻭﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﺘﺤﻭل ﺇﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺭﺓ ،ﺤﻴﺙ ﺴﻔﻬﺕ ﺃﺤﻼﻡ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﻜﺴﺭﺕ ﻏﺭﻭﺭﻩ .ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ ﺒﻌـﺩ
ﺤﺩﺜﻴﻥ ﻋﺴﻜﺭﻴﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﺭﺯﻴﻥ ﻫﻤﺎ ﺍﻨﺩﻻﻉ ﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻭل ﻨﻭﻓﻤﺒﺭ ،1954ﻭﻫﺠﻭﻤﺎﺕ 20ﺃﻭﺕ ، 1955ﻭﻟﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻫـﺩﻭﻥ ﻋﻠـﻰ
ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺩﺍﺩ ﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻭﺓ ﻋﺩﺩﻴﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ،ﺒل ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺎﻨﻭﺍ ﺒﺨﺒﺭﺘﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺍﻀﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺎﺘﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴـﺎﺒﻘﺔ.
ﺘﺒﺭﺯ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺤﺎﺼﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻗﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺵ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻨﺴـﻲ -ﻭﻫـﻲ
ﻤﺩﺠﺠﺔ ﺒﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻷﺴﻠﺤﺔ -ﻁﻴﻠﺔ ﺃﺴﺒﻭﻉ ،ﻭﺭﻏﻡ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﺸﻠﺕ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺨﻁﻁﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺨﺘﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﺨﻨﺎﺩﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴـﺔ
ﻤﻊ ﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻭﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ .ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﺇﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀﺘﻴﻥ ؛ ﻓﻔﺭﻨﺴﺎ ﻤﻨﺫ 1954ﺤﺎﻭﻟـﺕ ﻤﺠﺎﺒﻬـﺔ
ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺍﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﻘﻭﺓ ﻭﻤﺤﺎﺼﺭﺘﻬﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﺭﺍﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﻤﺸﺔ ﻭﻭﺼﻔﻬﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ،ﻭﻋﺯﻟﻬﻡ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻤـﺎﺩ
ﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻹﺼﻼﺤﺎﺕ .ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺍﺭ ﺇﻓﺸﺎل ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ .ﺇﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﻜﺸﻔﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺃﺭﻭﻉ ﻤﻅـﺎﻫﺭ
ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﻍ ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺭﻱ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻴﻴﻥ ﻗﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺠﻨﻭﺩﺍ؛ ﻓﺒﻌﺩ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﺫﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺌﻭﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩﻴﻥ ،ﻗﺭﺭﺕ ﻗﻴﺎﺩﺘﻬﻡ ﻓﻙ ﺍﻟﺤﺼـﺎﺭ
ﻟﻴﻼ ،ﻹﺭﻫﺎﺏ ﺠﻴﺵ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻼل .ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﺤﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺁﺜﺭﺕ ﺨﺭﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ ﻭﺒﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺓ ﺴﺒﻌﺔ ﺃﻴﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺨﻠﻬﺎ.
ﺸﻜﻠﺕ ﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺒﻌﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﻨﺘﺎﺌﺠﻬﺎ ؛ ﻓﺒﻘﺩﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻋﺼﻔﺕ ﺒﺄﺤﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻠـﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻨﺴـﻴﻴﻥ
ﻭﻋﺠﻠﺕ ﺒﺎﺤﺘﻀﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺏ ﻟﺜﻭﺭﺘﻪ ،ﺒﻘﺩﺭ ﻤﺎ ﺠﻌﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺴﺅﻭﻟﻴﺎﺘﻪ ﺇﺯﺍﺀ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ.
ﺇﻥ ﻤﻠﺤﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ ﺩﻋﻤﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻭﻱ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﺸﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﺎﺭﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﻨﺴﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺴﺎﺤﺘﻬﻡ ﺘﺸﻬﺩ ﻗﻤﺔ ﺘﺼﺎﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﻤـﺩ
ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺭﺭﻱ .
1
ﺠﻤﺎل ﻗﻨﺩل ،ﺨﻁﺎ ﻤﻭﺭﻴﺱ ﻭﺸﺎل ﻭﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﺍﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭﻴﺔ ، 1962-1957ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ، 2008،ﺹ.34
ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺩ ﻤﻁﻤﺭ ،ﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﻨﻭﻓﻤﺒﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ)،(1962-1954)54ﺃﻭﺭﺍﺱ -ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﻤﺸﺔ ( ﺃﻭ ﻓﺎﺘﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ،ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻯ ،ﻋﻴﻥ ﻤﻠﻴﻠﺔ ،ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ)،ﺩ- 2
ﺕ(،ﺹ.15
ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﻁﻼﺱ ،ﺒﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻠﻲ،ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻴﺔ ،ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﻭﺭﻯ ،ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ،1982،ﺹ.282
3
4
Mohamed Larbi Madaci, Les Tamiseurs du Sable, Aurès –Nmemcha,1945-1954, Anep ,Rouiba, Algérie,
2001,p116.
5ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻗﺎﺴﻤﻲ "،ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ ﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻙ"،ﺍﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻲ ﺤﻭل ﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ28_27،ﺃﻜﺘﻭﺒﺭ ،2007ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩﻴﻥ)،ﺩ -ﻡ(
،2008،ﺹ.34
ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺌﺩ ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻤﻼﺡ ،ﻤﺫﻜﺭﺍﺕ ،ﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﻭﺤﻘﺎﺌﻕ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻷﻭﺭﺍﺱ ،ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻯ ،ﻋﻴﻥ ﻤﻠﻴﻠﺔ ،2003،ﺹ.106 6
7
ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺩ ﻤﻁﻤﺭ ،ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ،ﺹ.74
8
ﺒﻥ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﺒﻥ ﺨﺩﺓ ،ﺠﺫﻭﺭ ﺍﻭل ﻨﻭﻓﻤﺒﺭ ،1954ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﻤﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺎﺝ ﻤﺴﻌﻭﺩ ،ﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﻭﻤﺔ ،ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ،2010،ﺹ.196
1166
201835
ﺸﻴﺤﺎﻨﻲ ﺒﺸﻴﺭ :ﻭﻟﺩ ﻴﻭﻡ 22ﺃﻓﺭﻴل 1929ﺒﺎﻟﺨﺭﻭﺏ ﻗﺴﻨﻁﻴﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺎﺌﻠﺔ ﻤﻴﺴﻭﺭﺓ ،ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻕ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ ﺍﻷﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺴﻘﻁ ﺭﺃﺴﻪ ﻭ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻡ ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ 9
ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭ ﻴﺤﻔﻅ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﺴﻴﺩﻱ ﺤﻤﻴﺩﺓ .ﺒﺩﺃ ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺭﻱ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﻹﻜﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻻﻨﻀﻤﺎﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻜﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌـﺔ ﻟﺤﺭﻜـﺔ
ﺍﻨﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻴﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻼﻡ .ﺍﺘﺨﺫﺍ ﺜﻜﻨﺔ ﺘﻼﻏﻤﺔ ﻜﻐﻁﺎﺀ ﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁﻪ.ﻭﻓﻲ 1953ﻋﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﺘﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﻡ ﺴﻲ ﻤﺴﻌﻭﺩ،
ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻘﺏ ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻤﻜﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻘﺭﺒﻲ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺒﻥ ﺒﻭﻟﻌﻴﺩ ،ﻋﻴﻥ ﻨﺎﺌﺒﺎ ﻟﺒﻥ ﺒﻭﻟﻌﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ )ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﺱ( ﻓﺭﺍﻓﻘـﻪ ﻓـﻲ
ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺠﻭﻻﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﻘﺩﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭ ﻭﺘﻔﺠﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ ،ﻭﻗﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﻏﻴﺎﺒﻪ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﻟﻪ .ﻭﻓﻲ 20ﺃﻜﺘـﻭﺒﺭ 1955
ﺠﻤﻊ ﺸﻴﺤﺎﻨﻲ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﻴﻪ ﺒﺎﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ ﻤﻘﺭ ﻗﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ ،ﺍﻋﺘﻘل ﻓﻲ 22ﺃﻜﺘﻭﺒﺭ 1955ﻭﺤﻭﻜﻡ ﻭﺃﻋـﺩﻡ ﺒﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ 23
ﺃﻜﺘﻭﺒﺭ . 1955
ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺎﺸﻲ"،ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻴﺩ ﺸﻴﺤﺎﻨﻲ ﺒﺸﻴﺭ " ،ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺃﻭل ﻨﻭﻓﻤﺒﺭ،ﻉ،81ﺠﻤﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ1407ﻩ/ﺠﺎﻨﻔﻲ ،1987ﺹ ﺹ37-26
10ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺩ ﻤﻁﻤﺭ ،ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ،ﺹ.126
11
ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺒﻠﻘﺎﺴﻤﻲ "،ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻙ " ،ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻲ ل"ﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ" ،ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ ﺘﺒﺴﺔ ،2007/10-28/27 ،ﺹ ﺹ35-34
ﻴﻁﻠﻕ ﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﺘﻨﺔ ﻭﺨﻨﺸﻠﺔ ﺸﻤﺎﻻ ﻭﺯﺭﻴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺸﺭﻗﺎ ،ﻭﺒﺴﻜﺭﺓ ﺠﻨﻭﺒﺎ ،ﻭﺒﺎﺘﻨـﺔ ﻏﺭﺒـﺎ .ﻭﺃﺜﻨـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺜـﻭﺭﺓ 12
ﻴﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﻻﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻭﺭﺍﺱ –ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﻤﺸﺔ( . ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭﻴﺔ ،1962-1954
ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺩ ﻤﻁﻤﺭ،ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ،ﺹ.11
ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﻤﻨﺎﺼﺭﻴﺔ "،ﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺘﻴﻥ " ،ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻲ ﺤﻭل ﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ ،ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺴﻲ-ﺘﺒﺴﺔ 13
ﺒﻘﺴﻨﻁﻴﻨﺔ.
ﻓﺭﻴﺩ ﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﷲ ،ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻁﻘـﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟـﻰ )ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﺱ( ﺒـﻴﻥ ،1955- 1954ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺘﻘـﻰ ﺍﻟـﺩﻭﻟﻲ 17
19
ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺯﺭﻭﺍل ،ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ،ﺹ.125
20
ﻓﺭﻴﺩ ﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﷲ ،ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ،ﺹ.109
21ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺒﻭﺸﺎﺭﺏ ،ﺘﺒﺴﺔ ﻤﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﻭﻤﺂﺜﺭ،ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﺘﺼﺎل ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﺸﻬﺎﺭ،ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺒﻴﺔ،ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ،1996،ﺹ .60
22
ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺯﺭﻭﺍل ،ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ،ﺹ . 128
:
ﺘﻘﻊ ﺍﻟﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺒﺎل ﺘﺒﺴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺘﺒﺎﺭﻗﺩﺓ ﻭﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ،ﻨﻘﻼ ﻋﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺒﻭﺸﺎﺭﺏ ،ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ ،ﺹ .53 23
24
ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻫﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﺒﻴﺭﻱ ،ﻤﺫﻜﺭﺍﺕ ﺁﺨﺭ ﻗﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﺱ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﻴﻥ ))، (1962-1929ﻡ ﻭﻙ()،ﺩ-ﻡ( ،2008،ﺹ.126
25
ﻓﺭﻴﺩ ﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﷲ ،ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ،ﺹ ﺹ.111-110
26
ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺩ ﻤﻁﻤﺭ ،ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ،ﺹ .122
ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺠﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﻘﻊ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺠﺒل ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ ﻭﺠﺒل ﺃﺭﻗﻭ ﺸﻤﺎﻻ ﻭﺴﻁ ﺠﺒﺎل ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﻤﺸﺔ ،ﺘﻨﻤﻭ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺃﺸﺠﺎﺭ ﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﻓﺔ ،ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺭﺕ ﻟﺤﺼﺎﻨﺘﻬﺎ. 27
28
ﺤﻀﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﺨﻤﺴﻤﺎﺌﺔ ﻭﺍﻓﺩ ،ﻭﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﻗﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ.
Mohamed Larbi Madaci , Op Cit , p113. 29
ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ،ﻓﺭﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺸﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺤﻴﺔ ،ﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﻭﻤﺔ ،ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ،2001،ﺹ ﺹ .192-191ﻭﺍﻨﻅﺭ ﻜﺫﻟﻙ : 30
ﺹ.112
33
ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺩ ﻤﻁﻤﺭ ،ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ،ﺹ.138
ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﻤﻨﺎﺼﺭﻴﺔ " ،ﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺇﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺘﻴﻥ " ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻲ ل"ﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻑ،ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ،ﺹ ﺹ.60- 59 34
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201835
ﻜﺎﻥ ﺘﻌﻴﻴﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﺱ ،ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺸﻬﺭﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﺭﺏ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﺒﺈﻗﻠﻴﻡ ﺃﻏﺎﺩﻴﺭ.
ﺨﺎﻟﺩ ﻨﺯﺍﺭ ،ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ) (1954،1962ﻴﻭﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ،ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ،ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﺎﻡ ،ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺍﺒﻲ ،ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ ،ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ،ﺹ.39 35
ﻨﻜﻠﺕ ﻗﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭ ﺒﺠﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻴﺩ ﻓﺎﺭﺴﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻋﺠﺭﻭﺩ ،ﻓﻔﺼﻠﺕ ﺭﺃﺴﻪ ﻭﻭﻀﻌﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻜﺸـﻭﻓﺔ )ﺠﻴـﺏ( ﻭﺠﺎﺒـﺕ ﺒـﻪ 36
ﺍﻟﺸﻭﺍﺭﻉ.
ﺃﺤﺴﻥ ﺒﻭﻤﺎﻟﻲ ،ﺇﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ،1962-1954ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﻑ ﺍﻟـﻭﻁﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺎﻫـﺩ،ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ)،ﺩ-ﺕ(، 37
ﺹ.71
38
ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺩ ﻤﻁﻤﺭ ،ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ،ﺹ.139
39
ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ،ﺹ ﺹ.141-140
40
ﺠﻤﺎل ﻗﻨﺩل ،ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ،ﺹ.34
41ﻟﻠﻤﺯﻴﺩ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ،ﺍﻨﻅﺭ :
Mohamed Larbi Madaci,Les Tamiseurs de Sable ,Aurès Nmemcha ,1954-1962;Edition
ANEP,Rouiba.Algèrie.2001,pp 116-126.
42
ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺒﻭﺸﺎﺭﺏ ،ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ،ﺹ .58
ﻨﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ ﺨﻼﺩﻱ ،ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺭﺓ ،ﺤﺯﺏ ﺠﺒﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻲ ،ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻅﻤـﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴـﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩﻴﻥ،ﻗﺼـﺭ ﺍﻷﻤـﻡ 43
ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ،ﺹ ﺹ.311-130
54
Mahfoud Kaddache , Et L'Algérie se libera 1954-1962,Edif, ,Birkhadem Alger,2003,p47 .
ﻨﻘﻼ ﻋﻥ :
C .R.Agèron,"L'insurrection du 20 Aout 1955", La Guerre d'Algérie et les Algériens, pp45-46.
55
ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺩ ﻤﻁﻤﺭ،ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ،ﺹ.111
ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻠﻲ ،ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ﻭﺨﺎﺭﺠﻬﺎ ، ...ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺭﺓ ،ﺤﺯﺏ ﺠﺒﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻲ ،ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ 56
ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩﻴﻥ ،ﻗﺼﺭ ﺍﻷﻤﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ،ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ،ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ،1984،ﺹ. 31
57
ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺯﺒﻴﺭﻱ ،ﺍﻨﺘﻔﺎﻀﺔ ، 1955/08/20ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺭﺓ ،...ﺹ. 69
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