Introduction To IT - Networks and The Internet Cheatsheet - Codecademy
Introduction To IT - Networks and The Internet Cheatsheet - Codecademy
The Internet
The internet refers to the actual network of connected
computing devices.
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol
(TCP/IP) are standards for data transfer which allow
networks all over the globe to communicate with each
other.
OSI Model
The OSI Model is a conceptual, implementation-neutral
model that describes networking in seven separate layers,
where each layer covers a set of functions and tasks.
This model helps us communicate while we do network
troubleshooting and architecture.
TCP/IP Model
The TCP/IP Model is an implementation-specific
networking model that revolves around the TCP protocol
and IP addressing which anchor the Internet as we know
it.
Its layers include:
The Network Layer
The Internet Layer
The Transport Layer
The Application Layer
OSI Layers
The OSI layers include: Physical, Data Link, Network,
Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.
The Physical layer includes physical technologies
The Data Link layer includes data framing and
local MAC addressing
The Network layer includes connecting to the
larger web and IP addressing
The Transport layer includes protocols that make
sure reliable delivery happens
The Session layer authenticates and maintains
communication over a period of time
The Presentation layer en/decrypts and translates
data into presentable form
The Application layer includes all the applications
we interact with that render data
Network Categories
Three broad categories of networks include:
Local Area Network (LAN), a smaller-sized
network that connects multiple devices in a small
area
Campus Area Network (CAN), a larger network
that connects multiple computers and devices
over a slightly larger area
Wide Area Network (WAN), the largest-sized
network that connects multiple computers, over a
geographically large area
The Internet is technically a WAN.
Network
A network is two or more computers or devices that are
linked in order to share information.
Networking refers to a large set of standards and
protocols that organize and regulate the sharing of
information.
Network Protocols
A network protocol is a set of standards for Internet
traffic.
Among them are the big transport protocols:
TCP and UDP
HTTP for web requests
DNS to convert domain names to IP addresses
IMAP/POP3 for email
SSH
FTP
SMB for access to specific resources