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Completely Randomised Design Best Note

Completely randomized design (CRD) is a basic single-factor experimental design where treatments are assigned randomly to experimental units so each unit has an equal chance of receiving any treatment. In CRD, all units are placed in a single group and treatments are randomly assigned to the units. The data is analyzed using analysis of variance to test if treatment means are different. While simple, CRD is best for experiments with homogeneous units like laboratories; it is difficult to achieve homogeneity in field experiments.

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171 views4 pages

Completely Randomised Design Best Note

Completely randomized design (CRD) is a basic single-factor experimental design where treatments are assigned randomly to experimental units so each unit has an equal chance of receiving any treatment. In CRD, all units are placed in a single group and treatments are randomly assigned to the units. The data is analyzed using analysis of variance to test if treatment means are different. While simple, CRD is best for experiments with homogeneous units like laboratories; it is difficult to achieve homogeneity in field experiments.

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Lecture.

15
Completely randomized design – description – layout – analysis – advantages
and disadvantages

Completely Randomized Design (CRD)

CRD is the basic single factor design. In this design the treatments are assigned
completely at random so that each experimental unit has the same chance of receiving
any one treatment. But CRD is appropriate only when the experimental material is
homogeneous. As there is generally large variation among experimental plots due to
many factors CRD is not preferred in field experiments.
In laboratory experiments and greenhouse studies it is easy to achieve homogeneity of
experimental materials and therefore CRD is most useful in such experiments.
Layout of a CRD
Completely randomized Design is the one in which all the experimental units are
taken in a single group which are homogeneous as far as possible.
The randomization procedure for allotting the treatments to various units will be as
follows.
Step 1: Determine the total number of experimental units.
Step 2: Assign a plot number to each of the experimental units starting from left to right
for all rows.
Step 3: Assign the treatments to the experimental units by using random numbers.
The statistical model for CRD with one observation per unit
Yij = µ + ti + eij
µ = overall mean effect
ti = true effect of the ith treatment
eij = error term of the jth unit receiving ith treatment

1
The arrangement of data in CRD is as follows:
Treatments
T1 T2 Ti TK
y11 y21 yi1 YK1
y12 y22 yi2 YK2
y1r1 y2r2 yiri Yk rk
Total Y1 Y2 Yi Tk GT
(GT – Grand total)
The null hypothesis will be
Ho : µ1 = µ2=………….=µk or There is no significant difference between the treatments
And the alternative hypothesis is
H1: µ1 ≠ µ2≠ ………….≠ µk. There is significant difference between the treatments
The different steps in forming the analysis of variance table for a CRD are:

1.

n= Total number of observations

2.

3.

4.

= TSS – TrSS
5. Form the following ANOVA table and calculate F value.

Source of variation d.f. SS MS F


Treatments t-1 TrSS
TrMS=

Error n-t ESS EMS=


Total n-1 TSS

2
6. Compare the calculated F with the critical value of F corresponding to treatment
degrees of freedom and error degrees of freedom so that acceptance or rejection of the
null hypothesis can be determined.
7. If null hypothesis is rejected that indicates there is significant differences between the
different treatments.
8. Calculate C D value.
C.D. = SE(d). t

ri = number of replications for treatment i


rj = number of replications for treatment j and
t is the critical t value for error degrees of freedom at specified level of significance,
either 5% or 1%.

Advantages of a CRD
1. Its layout is very easy.
2. There is complete flexibility in this design i.e. any number of treatments and
replications for each treatment can be tried.
3. Whole experimental material can be utilized in this design.
4. This design yields maximum degrees of freedom for experimental error.
5. The analysis of data is simplest as compared to any other design.
6. Even if some values are missing the analysis can be done.

Disadvantages of a CRD
1. It is difficult to find homogeneous experimental units in all respects and hence
CRD is seldom suitable for field experiments as compared to other
experimental designs.
2. It is less accurate than other designs.

3
Questions

1. CRD can be used with


(a) Equal replication (b) unequal replication
(c)Equal and unequal replication (d) single replication

Ans: Equal and unequal replication

2. When there are 5 treatments each replicated 4 times the total number of experimental
plots will be
(a)5 (b) 4 (c) 9 (d)20
Ans: 20

3. In CRD the error degrees of freedom is rt-1.


Ans: True

4. CRD can be adopted only when the experimental material is homogenous.


Ans: True

5. CRD is a single factor experiment.


Ans: True

6. In CRD the total sum of squares is divided into treatment sum of squares, Replication
sum of squares and error sum of squares.
Ans: False

7. Mention any two advantages of CRD?

8. When the treatments are large in a CRD what will happen to the precision of the
experiment?

9. Explain the Layout of the CRD?

10. Explain the Layout of the CRD?

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