Automatic Garbage Collection Robot on the Beach using Wireless Communication.

2022-23

1. ABSTRACT

This article presents the garbage collection robot on the beach using wireless
communications. The robot is built on the caterpillar wheels, sizes 52x74x17 cm and the
power is supplied from 12V 30Ah battery which is connected to 40W solar cells.
The user can control a robot via a program developed from Visual Basic 2005
application based on Window XP. The commands from user are sent via bluetooth to
PIC18F4550 for processing.
In addition, it is also equipped withan IP camera with added pan/tilt capabilities which
relays feedback information to the human operator via Ad-hoc system. The results of robot
performances were found that the robot can movewith an average speed of 0.5 meters per
second on the sand via wireless communication and collectthe big garbage with side 12.5 x
49 cm, for example, glass bottles, and plastic, etc.
From the experimental results, it can clearly indicate that the proposed robot is
superior to handle tasking conveniently, control capability, and operate environmentally
friendly.

Dept of E & C
Automatic Garbage Collection Robot on the Beach using Wireless Communication. 2022-23

2. INTRODUCTION

Garbage is a major problem worldwide attention. It can be seen from organizations

that support and fix this problem, such as Ocean Conservancy [1] that is a non-profit
environmental advocacygroup based in Washington, D.C., United States. The organization
reports on 23 August 2013 that over the past 27 years, over 9.5 million volunteers have
removed 163 million pounds of trash frommore than 330,000 miles of coastline and waterways
in 153 countries and locations.
At the present,more than 10 million pounds of trash along nearly 20,000 miles of
coastlines were picked up by more than 550,000 people. In Thailand, this problem affects to
the destruction of the beautiful scenery and attractions. Moreover, it causes the problem about
the sea animal death.
For example,the death of the whale on the beach, Patong, Phuket [2] because it eats the
plastic waste. Although,some organizations [3] try to clean the beach but the amount of the
trash on the beach is still increasing at all time. Therefore, the development of the technology
such as robot for collecting the garbage is the one aspect that is interested.
Until now, the service robots about cleaning robotfor the swimming pools [4], the
house [5], the wall [6] and the domestic stairs [7]) are interested and developed continually
but the cleaning robot for the beach does not be much interested.
Therefore, this paper presents the development of a prototype garbage collection robot
on the beach. This robot uses the Bluetooth for communication between the user and the robot.
Moreover,IP camera with added pan/tilt capabilities can send the image data to the user via the
Adhoc system.
The details of this paper are organized as follows. In section 2, we will introduce the
material andmethods of the robot including the hardware and software implements. The
result of the experiment and the conclusion will be described in section 3andsection 4
respectively.

Dept of E & C
Automatic Garbage Collection Robot on the Beach using Wireless Communication. 2022-23

3. LITERATURE SURVEY

SL AUTHOR YEAR TITLE DESCRIPTION PROBLEM

NO. IDENTIFICATION
1. Shobhit 2011 Autonomous The ultrasonic sensors The cost of robot
Khandare garbage detect the obstacles controller is most
collector and the motors are expensive.
bot. made to rotate based
on the prep -
rogrammed instruction
-s in Raspberry Pi.
2. Kamal 2013 Garbage The user can control a The robot was never really
colle robot via a program tested on real ground.
-ction Robot developed from web
using application.
wireless
technology.

3. Rama 2014 Autonomous The robot has a 7 This 7DoF arm is

Prabha garbage Degree of Freedom manually fabricated and
collector– arm that can be therefore, this is an
Robo wirelessly controlled. expensive technology.
dumpster.

4. Apoorva 2016 Autonomous Robot that uses a shaft This mechanism will scoop
Garbage with rotating blades to up anything it sees within a
collector scoop up waste, which distance.
robot that is a very good and
uses a shaft effective scooping
with rotating mechanism.
blades.

5. Twinkle 2018 Smart Smart Dustbin which Cleaning or emptying the

Dustbin indicates directly that garbage is a matter of
the dustbin is filled to a immediate concern.
certain level by the
garbage and cleaning
or emptying them is a
matter of immediate
concern.

Dept of E & C
 Automatic Garbage Collection Robot on the Beach using Wireless Communication. 2022-23

6. Alshafi and 2020 Metallic waste It was basically designed It only collects
Almaleky collection for reducing the metallic
robot. environment pollution waste.
caused by the metallic
waste.

4. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

1. Some of the robot controller cost is most expensive.

2. Some of the robots was never really tested on real ground.
3. The seven degree of freedom arm is manually fabricated and these robot are used
to collect the garbage this is an expensive technology.
4. Some systems will scoop up anything it sees within a distance, this mechanisum
will create a problem to store garbage.
5. Some of the models cleaning or emptying the garbage is a matter of immediate
concern.
6. Some of the robots are designed to collects metallic waste only.
7. Some of the models don’t have control on the torque and speed.
8. Identifying garbage on the ground was hard.
9. Operation in Various climate conditions was not possible.
10. Battery consumption was a major problem.
11. Pan and tilt motion of camera was not implemented.
12. Battery was getting damaged due to water.

Dept of E & C
Automatic Garbage Collection Robot on the Beach using Wireless Communication. 2022-23

5. PROBLEM STATEMENT

• In many situations munsiple people or public con’t be collect the garbage so

effective on beach side and there is a risk and getting health issuess.
• Normally on beach side there will be a major issue by plastic waste and garbage
because of tourist visitors.
• It must be able to detect the garbage on the surface of the ground.
• Due to the losses in the health issue of public this system will help to reduce the risk
of their health issue in various conditions.
• This system is capable of detecting plastic and any metals on the surface of the
ground.
• This system is capable of transmitting video at high quality without noise.

Dept of E & C
Automatic Garbage Collection Robot on the Beach using Wireless Communication. 2022-23

6. OBJECTIVES

• The primary aim is to introduce a way in which garbage could be collected and
disposed efficiently.
• Our project is divided into two main parts.
• We are designing a system that collects garbage automatically and manually.
• For which we are designing an arena so that the machine will follow the specific
command and also manually by using Arduino and Bluetooth module.
• The machine can be controlled by software which will give command to the robot to
collect the stationary waste.
• The camera placed on robot helps the administrator to remotely monitor the robot
while collecting garbage.
• This robot has installed Solar panel and battery in which there is no fuel or electricity
required to complete the operation.

Dept of E & C
Automatic Garbage Collection Robot on the Beach using Wireless Communication. 2022-23

7. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

Flow chart

Fig 1 : Flow chart of control of the robot

• When the robot is turn on, it will follow the pre-programmed path encoded in
the arduino uno. during this process it will check for garbage floating on the
surface.

Dept of E & C
Automatic Garbage Collection Robot on the Beach using Wireless Communication. 2022-23

• If garbage is detected the robot will stop and activate the conveyor belt, the
motion of the conveyor will suck garbage will itself and collect the garbage
in the container.
• The quantity of the collected garbage will be monitored using a ultrasonic
sensor throughout the process.
• If the container gets full, the robot will stop detecting garbage and follow the
pre-programmed path.

Block diagram

Fig 2 : block diagram of proposed system

• The block diagram of the proposed system is shown in Figure. 2.The proposed
system has three different sensors which are continuously active as soon as the
power supply is given to the system.
• Here we use ATmega328p microcontroller which acts as a brain of the robot.
• The functions of different sensors present in the proposed system are shown in
the table 1.

Dept of E & C
Automatic Garbage Collection Robot on the Beach using Wireless Communication. 2022-23

• A part from this sensors we also have Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), Buzzer,
motors, motor driver, Wi-fi Module, Battery,Hc-05 Bluetooth Module and
Toggle switch.
• Here LCD is used to display the trash level and moisture content present in the
bin.
• A buzzer is a small yet efficient component to add sound features to our
project/system. It is used as indicator or alarm to the user whenever the garbage
present in the bin reaches the threshold level .
• In the proposed System we have used L293D as a motor driver which acts as
interface between the motors and Arduino.
• In manual mode using Blynk app we can control the locomotion of the robot
which is connected using Bluetooth Module.
• Here, in our project we are using 7.4v and 2800mah battery for supplying
electric power.
• Here we are using toggle switch where the user is required to select the
Automatic or Manual Mode initially.
• In our system we have used ESP8266 wi-fi module which is user friendly and
low cost device that provide internet connectivity to our projects so that we can
access our web page where the data is recorded and stored with the help of
Amazon Web Services (AWS) and here the data gives the information about
the percentage of garbage level and moisture content present in the bin along
with date and time.
• The web page get updated for every 10seconds.

Sensor name Sensor role in the proposed system

Ultrasonic sensor Used for monitoring the garbage level in the bin.

Moisture sensor Used to know the moisture content present in the bin.

IR sensor Used to follow the line on the surface. the path may be
visible like a black line on a white surface or vice versa.
Table 1 : Functions of sensors in proposed system

Dept of E & C
Automatic Garbage Collection Robot on the Beach using Wireless Communication. 2022-23

Major component name Function of the major component

Blynk app Allows you to create amazing interfaces for your
projects using various widgets we provide.
Blynk server Responsible for all the communications between the
smartphone and hardware.
Blynk libraries For all the popular hardware platforms - enable
communication with the server and process all the
incoming and outgoing commands.
Table 2 : Description about the major components in the blynk app.

Preprogrammed path

Fig 3 : preprogrammed path for robot

• The robot will move in a preprogrammed trajectory, covering its locality or zone
which it is responsible for cleaning.
• The trajectory program will be preloaded in the ECU on the.
• The Arduino UNO sends commands to the motor drivers, which in turn controls the
motors for various functionalities, such as forward, reverse, left turn, right turn and
stop.
• In an obstacle free path, the robot continues to move forward.

Dept of E & C
Automatic Garbage Collection Robot on the Beach using Wireless Communication. 2022-23

8. HARDWARE \ SOFTWARE REQUIRMENT

➢ Hardware requirement
Hardware requirement are as follows:
• Arduino uno(ATMEGA328)
• Ultrasonic sensor
• Moisture sensor
• IR sensors
• LCD display
• Wi Fi module
• Buzzer
• Motor driver
• RFID
• Toggle switch
• IP wireless camera
• Battery

➢ Software requirement
Software requirement are as follows:
• Blynk app
• Arduino IDE
• Virtual system modeling 7.10

Dept of E & C
Automatic Garbage Collection Robot on the Beach using Wireless Communication. 2022-23

9. EXPECTED RESULT

• We have implemented garbage collection robot with four wheel drive.

• At front of the robot we can see the IR Sensors which is used to detect and
follow line. when the user selects Automatic mode.
• The dustbin which contains the moisture sensors can be movable and it can
be of different size which depends on the user requirement and an LCD to
display the trash level present in the bin.
• The IP wireless camera which is installed on the robot is tested by measuring
the delay time of transmitted image.
• From the results, it was found that the delay time of transmitted image and
the sharpness of the image are depended on the distance between the robot
and the user.

Dept of E & C
Automatic Garbage Collection Robot on the Beach using Wireless Communication. 2022-23

10. FUTURE PLAN OF WORK

MONTH PLAN OF WORK

October Started with research and preplanning.
November Submission of our three different detailed synopsis.
December Purchasing required components to build war field robot model.
March Implementation of war field robot.

April We will submit the detailed report.

May Required hardware model will be submitted.

Dept of E & C
Automatic Garbage Collection Robot on the Beach using Wireless Communication. 2022-23

11.REFERANCE

➢ S. Watanasophon, and S. Ouitrakul, “Garbage Collection Robot on the Beach

using Wireless Communications” IPCBEE, (2014).

➢ S. Khandare, S. Badak, Y. Sawant, S. Solkar, “Object Detection Based Garbage

Collection Robot”, (IRJET), (2018).

➢ K. Kamal, S. Mukesh, S. S. Ganesh Kumar, M. Sudhakaran, “Design of

Garbage Collection Robot using Wireless Technology, (2017).

➢ Rama Prabha D, S. Mahindru, A. Srivastava, P. Nilalohita, “Autonomous

Garbage Collector-Robodumpster”, ( 2018).

➢ S. Apoorva, Chaithanya, R. S. Prabhu, S.B. Shetty, D. D’Souza, “Autonomous

Garbage Collector Robot”, (2017)

➢ Twinkle Sinha, k.Mugesh kumar, p.Saisharan, “Smart Dutbin”, of Industrial,(

2015). Hesham Alsahafi and Majed Almaleky, “Design and Implementation

of Metallic Waste Collection Robot,”, (2014).

➢ Osiany Nurlansa, Dewi Anisa Istiqomah, and Mahendra Astu Sanggha

Pawitra, “AGATOR (Automatic Garbage Collector) as Automatic Garbage

Collector Robot Model,” ( 2014)

Dept of E & C
Automatic Garbage Collection Robot on the Beach using Wireless Communication. 2022-23

TABLE OF CONTENT :

1. Abstract
2. Introduction
3. Literature survey
4. Problem indentification
5. Problem statement
6. Objectives
7. Proposed methodology
8. Hardware\software requirement
9. Expected result
10. Future plan of work
11. Referance

Dept of E & C
Automatic Garbage Collection Robot on the Beach using Wireless Communication. 2022-23

Dept of E & C