YADADRI STUDY CIRCLE

Opposite Dilsukhnagar Busstand, Metro pillar n A1531,

Sairam complex 2nd floor, Dilsukhnager, Hyderabad
Contact: 9985701432, 9515651432

LIBRARY MANAGEMENT

Breakeven Analysis: An approach used to determine the amount of a particular product that
must be sold if the firm has to generate enough revenue to cover
costs.
Communication: The transfer of -information, ideas, understanding or feelings between
people.
CPM (Critical Path Method) : A planning and control technique that ;involves the display of
a complex project as a network with a one time estimate used for
each step in the project.
Effectiveness: The degree to which the process produces, the intended outputs. (The
relationship between a responsibility centre's output and its objectives. The more these
outputs contribute to the objectives, the more effective the Unit is).

Efficiency: The proportional relationships between the quality and quantity of input and the
quality and quantity of output produced or the ratio of output to
input.
Job Analysis: The process of determining the skills and knowledge required for performing
jobs in the organisation
Job Description: A document that provides information regarding the tasks, duties and
responsibilities .of the job.
Job Specification: A statement of the minimum acceptable qualifications that a person should
possess to perform a 'particular job.
Job Enlargement: Changes in the scope of a job so as to provide greater variety to the
worker.
Job Enrichment: Basic changes in the content and level' of responsibility of a job so as to
provide greater challenge to- the worker.
Leadership: The process by which a manager guides and influences the work of his
subordinates (or influences others to do what. the leader wants
them to do).
Linear Programming: A mathematical simulating' method and process of calculating,
evaluating and programming optimum path of action, process or
operation for management consideration.

YADADRI STUDY CIRCLE Contact: 9985701432, 9515651432

Management Information: Collective term reporting to any advanced organizational
(electronic, mechanical; modular, evolutionary) communication
device, process, network, or system that is capable of generating
recording, storing, and making available information and data as
required by management for planning; organising, decision
making and control.
Marketing Technique: The systematic gathering, recording and analysing of data .about
problems relating to marketing of goods and services.
Motivation: Arousing the desire in the minds of workers to give of their best to the
enterprise, i.e., an act of stimulating or inspiring workers.
Network Analysis: Planning, scheduling, monitoring and evaluation of systems for
management.

Operations Research (OR): A management function and process of studying organizational

activities and problems with the framework of mathematical,
statistical and related scientific methods or processes in order to
develop, test and apply models and methods of planning,
forecasting, solving problems and decision making.
Programme Evaluation R T: A computer implemented planning and control system
designed to help top management in planning, research, problem
solving, decision, making and control of organisational process.
Queuing Theory: A form of probability theory used by management to determine and/or to
develop optimum methods of handling relationships between
units, locations, events, facilities or activities to avoid delays.
Simulation Techniques: A computer technique to create a model by assuming General
Principles of Management or imitating a particular method,
appearance, form or shape.
Systems Analysis : The scientific study and analysis of all related aspects of an organisational
management system to determine the necessary steps for
continuation, improvement or correction.
Authority : The right to decide, to direct others to take action, or to perform certain duties in
achieving organisation goals.
Chain of Command: The line along. which authority flows from the top of the organisation
'
to any individual.
Coordination : This is the process, of linking several activities to achieve a functioning whole.
Delegation : The process of assigning responsibility along with the needed formal authority
from one person to another.
Departmentation: Grouping related work activities into manageable units.
Division of Labour: This is the process of analysing work and dividing it into separate
specialised tasks and jobs.
Accountability: Being answerable for the results of one's actions.

YADADRI STUDY CIRCLE Contact: 9985701432, 9515651432

Functional Authority: The right of staff specialists to issue orders in their own names in
designated areas.
Grapevin : The informal means by which information is transmitted in an organisation.
Hierarchy: A hierarchy represents a series of positions; some of which have more authority
than others.
Horizontal: The process of forming additional units at the same level in the organisation.
Line Departments: Departments directly involved in accomplishing the primary purpose of
the organisation.
Library Organisational Structure Matrix Organisation: A permanent organisation
designed to achieve specific results by using teams of specialists
from different functional areas within the organisation.
Power: The ability to influence behaviour or results.
Span Management: The number of direct subordinates reporting to any manager.
Specialisation of: The division of a complex job into simpler tasks so that a person or group
may carry out only identified or related activities.
Staff Departments: Departments that provide line people with advice and assistance in
specialised areas.
Status: A person's rank or position in a group.
Vertical: The process of creating additional levels in the organisation.
Management Information System

Data: A collection of values of various types (numbers, characters and so on) that are used by
information systems to produce information.
Data Base : An integrated collection of persistent data that serves a number of applications in
an enterprise.
Database Management: The integration of the various information sub-systems in order to
reduce the duplication of information.
Decision Making: The process of generating and evaluating alternatives and making choices
among them.
Decision Support System: An information system that allows users to interact directly with
a computer so that they can get answers quickly.
Information: An increment in knowledge. In Management Information System, information
is obtained by processing data into a form meaningful to the
users.
Management Reporting System: A type of Management Information System whose main
objective is to provide lower and middle management with
reports and inquiry capabilities.
Synergism: The cooperative action of two or more persons coming together to accomplish
more than they could do separately.

YADADRI STUDY CIRCLE Contact: 9985701432, 9515651432

Systems Approach: The viewing of any organisation or entity as an arrangement of inter-
related parts that interact in ways that can be specialised and to some extent predicted.

PHYSICAL PLANNING OF LIBRARY

Charging Desk: The main counter in the library where books are issued to readers and
received back.
Daylight Factor: Daylight factor is the ratio of illumination at a designated point in the
building to the illumination at ground level outside the building. For
example, a 6% daylight factor is 300 lux for 5000 lux outside the
building and it is reasonable (1 lux = 1 lum/ sq. meter).
Ephemeral Material: Those documents which become valueless after a short period of time,
e.g, old catalogues, old text books, news bulletin, etc.
Microfiche: Flat transparencies, usually of 10 x 15 cm size which can accommodate 60 (or
more) reduced page-images.
Micro-opaque Card: A micro-opaque card is similar to microfiche but instead of being film it
is a white opaque card.
Classics: A work of enduring value or quality, tested through time.
Ethnological: Racial.
Gazette: An official government journal, containing lists of government appointments,
promotions,
House journal: A journal brought out by organisation/institution/agency reporting, current
activities and events.
Intension: Depth.
Kinetic Power: Moving Power.
Nomenclature: A set or system of names, as used in a. particular science or art
Schematic: A generalised diagram of a scheme.
Accentuate: Emphasise
Computerised Database: Data files produced, maintained and accessed with the aid of
computers.
Knowledge Industry: Industry that produces records of knowledge and information in print
as well as non-print
Machine Readable Database: Data or information in a form which can be read or identified
by a machine such as a computer or microform reader.
Microfiche: Micro images printed on a sheet or film.
Microform : The general term for all types of micro records.
Multimedia : Information presented through a combination of communication techniques,
including print, non-print and audio-visuals.

YADADRI STUDY CIRCLE Contact: 9985701432, 9515651432

Patent: A grant from the government which confers on the grantee for a limited period of
time the exclusive privilege of making, selling and using the
invention for which a patent has been granted and also of
authorising others to do so.
Subject Heading: A word of words under which materials on a given subject are entered in a
catalogue, bibliography or list.
Technical Report: A report presenting the results of scientific re-search or technical
development.

Book Markets : Places where there are many retail and wholesale bookshops and publishing
houses or their local offices in and around,
Clue Page : A secret page chosen and uniformly used in all documents belonging to a library
for writing the Accession Number. This will be unnoticed by
readers but could be used in identifying the document in case of
theft, etc., even if the title page has been removed.
Document : A generic name for all types of reading materials acquired in a library and
includes graphic, printed and processed items.
ISBN: The abbreviation standing for the International Standard Book Number. This is a
system of assigning unique numbers to individual publications for purposes of document
identification and delivery.
Out-of-Print Books: Books that are completely sold out and not available in the market.
Profile : An organised list of specific topics or information heads compiled out of surveying
the needs of a set of information users. The profile explains who
is interested in what information, and vice versa.
Subscription Books : Books published periodically or at irregular intervals and distributed
against advance subscription rather than by sale of individual
items.
User Need Survey: A survey conducted for a systematic study of the information needs of a
specific group of people.

ACQUISITION OF PERIODICALS AND SERIALS

Primary Journal: A periodical which publishes papers or reports containing original research
information so far not published elsewhere

Secondary Journal: An indexing or abstracting or reviewing periodical which re-ports about

the information published in primary journals.

Citation Study: A study of the references made to previously published documents by an

author in his work. These references may be in the form of footnotes or bibliographies. The
word citation is also used to mean the information given in the entries of a catalogue or
bibliography to describe a document.

YADADRI STUDY CIRCLE Contact: 9985701432, 9515651432

 Technical processing
Card Changing System: An issue system wherein circulation control is effected through the
use of a Book Card containing information about a document and
Borrower's Ticket containing in-formation about the borrower.
Citation: The information given in a catalogue entry to describe a document.
CRE: The abbreviation of Cross Reference Entry. It is used in the context of CCC.
CRIE : The abbreviation for Cross Reference Index Entry, It is used in the context of CCC.

YADADRI STUDY CIRCLE Contact: 9985701432, 9515651432

Document/Book: The terms "document" and "book" are used as synonyms in this unit.
Entry Element: The word or word-group appearing as the first part of the heading in a
catalogue entry.
End Page: The thick blank sheet of paper sewn into either side (ends) of a book with one part
of it having pasted on to the inside cover.
Heading : The name or word chosen as the access point for each catalogue entry. Normally, it
will be a subject name or name of the author, editor, compiler,
translator, or series, or the title.
Library Hand: A special writing style rccommended by Ranganathan for handwritten
catalogues where the letters are written in a bold and detached
manner so as to avoid personal hand-writing styles.
Precise: The abbreviation for Preserved Context Indexing System.
It was developed by Derek Austin for use in the British National
Bibliography.
POPSI: The abbreviation for Postulate-based Permuted Subject Indexing. It was developed-
by the Documentation Re-search and Training Centre,
Bangalore.
Section: A set of pages in a book printed together using a large sheet of paper which is later
brought into the book size by folding. Normally, a section will be
a set of 16 pages.
Specific Subject: In the context of a document it is the name of the subject which is narrow
enough to represent exactly the thought content.
Circulation work
Hollow : The space between the back of a book itself, i.e., the folded and sewn sheet and the spine
of a book.
Hollow Back : A binding in which there is space between the back of the book.

Human Resource Development

Autonomy : The degree to which a job provides substantial freedom, independence, and
discretion to an individual in scheduling the work and in
determining the procedures to be used in carrying it out.
Counselling : Helping the employee to grow and develop in the organisation.
Feedback : The degree to which an employee acquires a skill and the information about the
effectiveness of his or her performance.
HRD (Human Resources Development) : A process of helping employees in an organisation
to acquire new skills and competence on a continuing basis.

Job Enrichment Programmes: A method of clarification of norms and standards in jobs.

Job Rotation: A method of rotating staff to different units of the organisation to pick up skills
in all aspects of work.
Operational Planning: Executive functions for implementation.

YADADRI STUDY CIRCLE Contact: 9985701432, 9515651432

Organisational Culture: A system, of work inbuilt into the organisation that promotes
voluntary involvement by employees.
Organisational Development: Dynamic growth of an organisation responding to changes in
environment, advances in technology, etc.
Performance Appraisal: Assessment of employees' positive contribution to assigned work.
Potential Development: Efforts to exploit the natural talents of an employee.
Strategic Planning: A skillful method of providing means, mechanisms and structural
elements to streamline organisational work.

PERSONNEL PLANNING
Communication : Interpersonal communication between the management and employees as
well as among the employees through various mechanisms.
Deployment : Posting persons in appropriate places in the organisation.
Induction : Process of introducing new entrants into the organization.
Organisational Culture : Process of generating values, ideas and practices at different levels
of work in an organisation.
Performance Appraisal : Assessment of work accomplished by employees to determine their
contributions, strengths and weaknesses.
Personnel Planning : Process that helps organisations to assemble adequate number and
quality staff.
Quality Circles: Small groups of employees working together, meeting at regular intervals to
discuss improving the quality of the work they are involved in.
Recruitment : Process of securing the required persons through a formal method.
Selection : Assembling applicants for a job through suitable methods and choosing the list
from among them.
Total quality Management

YADADRI STUDY CIRCLE Contact: 9985701432, 9515651432

Mechanistic: Operational activities are based within the framework of procedural rules and
directives, designed to deal with a specified range of situations.
Process : In organization development, the way in which people in groups behave and
interact when they are setting objectives, solving problems or
introducing changes.
Self-actualisation: A persons characterized states of maturity, independence self-
understanding and a positive attitude toward developing and
integrating his capabilities, talents and aspirations in terms of the
opportunities within his environment.
Stake Holders : Persons who take an interest in the library, or who have the capacityto
influence its ability to achieve its objectives.
Standardization : A means of achieving economy of production.
Strategy : The skill or process of planning, organizing and directing all available resources,
personnel or course of action toward reaching certain objectives.

LIBRARY FINANCE

Breakeven Analysis: The point at which consumption expenditures have been just equal to
income.
Capital Budgeting: A budget which mainly covers items of current revenue and expenditure.
Economics : Is descriptive and concerned with what is and what ought to be. It deals with the
relationship of inputs to output and eventually to supply, demand,
markets, sales, prices, value, utility, etc.
Elastic : Ability to recover readily from depression, adversity or the like.
Financial Estimation: Estimating the amount of money required for running the services of
an Estimation institution.
Financial Forecasting: involves a systematic projection of expected actions of management
in Forecasting terms of financial statements, budgets etc. using
past records, funds flow behaviours, financial ratios and expected
economic conditions in the industry and the firm.
Financial Management: An element of management dealing with acquisition, distribution
and Management utilisation of funds.
Library Expenditure: Money spent by a library on different heads such as purchase of
reading Expenditure materials, salaries and allowances,
stationery, postage, furniture, equipment, etc.
Library Finance : Sources of financial flows and expenditures.
Library Income : Funds which accrue to a library from different sources such as grants,
membership fee, endowments, fines, service charges, sale of
publications etc.
Macroeconomics : This is an industry and national level economic system with the objective
of maximising profit, e.g., Economics of information and
information industry.

YADADRI STUDY CIRCLE Contact: 9985701432, 9515651432

Microeconomics : This is concerned with the behaviour of individuals, firms and markets.
Non-plan Grants: Regular budgeted grants given every year.
Non-recurring Expenditure: Expenditure, that does not repeat every year, e.g., monthly
report on building, equipment, machinery etc.
Plan Grants: Funds made available on projects that go under annual plans, five-year plans,
etc.
Recurring Expenditure: Expenditure that repeats every year, e.g., books, journals, staff
salaries,
Welfare Economics: An economy which seeks to increase the satisfaction of individuals in a
society.
BUDGETING AND ACCOUNTING
Accounting : A systematic maintenance of the income and expenditure flow on records.
Auditing : Official examination of accounts and scrutiny of financial transactions of a
government or non-government body/ institution.
Budget : A financial and/or quantitative statement prepared and approved prior to a defined
period of time of the policy to be pursued during that period for
the purpose of attaining a given objective.
Budget Centre : A section of the organisation or the undertaking defined for the purpose of
budgetary control.
Cost Analysis(Analysis of Cost Behaviour) : Knowledge of the reaction of individual costs
(i.e., fixed, variable and semi-variable costs) and expenses to changes in the volume of activity.
Cost analysis helps (i) planning the amount of costs to be incurred in future periods (2)
estimating profits from future activities; and (3) determining whether costs have been
adequately controlled by those responsible for this.
Cost Centre : A location, person or item of equipment, or a group of these in or connected
with an undertaking in relation to which costs may be ascertained
and used for the purposes of cost control or product costing.
Financial Records : Documents which keep track of library expenditure i.e., cash book,
ledger, salary bill register, allocation register, etc.
Flexible Budget : A budget that recognises the difference in the behaviour pattern of fixed
and variable costs and which is designed to change in relation to
the level of activity actually attained.
Operating Statement : A summary of the operating costs (and, where appropriate, of the
revenues and profit margins) of the whole or part of the activities
of an enterprise for a given period.
Profit Centre : A form of responsibility centre in which a manager is held responsible for
both revenues and costs, and hence for the resultant level of
profit.
Prospective Pricing : Setting the price prior to the performance of the service is called
prospective pricing.

YADADRI STUDY CIRCLE Contact: 9985701432, 9515651432

Responsibility Centre : : A personalised group of cost centres under the control of a
"responsible" individual.
Restricted Funds : Restricted funds do not allow flexibility in the use of funds. Like grants
for specific purposes, restricted funds cannot be used for purposes
other than those specified.
Single Entry : Entries showing only expenditure.
Unit Cost : Cost of a single unit of operation, e.g. cost of cataloguing a single book.
Unrestricted Funds : Unrestricted funds allow flexibility in the use of funds and reallocation
of funds from one head to another.

YADADRI STUDY CIRCLE Contact: 9985701432, 9515651432