Design of Purlins b.

Exposure Category
Referring to Section 207A.7.
I. Spacing of Purlins Open and flat terrain is

S = 0.6 m c. Topographic Factor (KZT),

For flat terrain,
II. Determine Wind Load acting on the Purlins.
Design Wind Pressure, d. Define Roof Zones
Using Figure 207E.5-4A, the
pnet = λ KZT Pnet9
λ = adjustment factor Roofs, 3°< 0 ≤ 10°, h ≤ 1
KZT = topographic factor
Pnet9 = net design wind pressure

a. Basic Wind Speed, V

Refer to Figure 207A.5-1A (NSCP 2015 page 2-38).

e. Net Wind Pressure (Pnet9),

Using Figure 207E.5-1 (page
fall into 250kph column

Effective wind area of purlin

Roof Slope =

Therefore, the design wind speed is V = 270 kph.

Figure 207E.5-1 g. Design Wind Pressure,

Zone Pres
(K
1 1.376(1.0)(0.8
2 1.376(1.0)(0.8
3 1.376(1.0)(0.8

III. Assuming no sag rod in place

Capacity Ratio (DCR) ≤ 0.80
 By Interpolation,
Zone Pressure Suction a) Initial LC section, L = 3m
(KPa) (KPa) Depth/Length = 1/32 = L/3
1 0.800 -2.032 Therefore: Initial de
2 0.800 -3.184 Referring to ASEP sectio
3 0.800 -4.542 Section Properties:
Weight, W
f. Adjustment Factor (λ), Area, A
Mean Roof Height: 8.3 m lx
Figure 207E.5-1 Sx
ly
Sy
d
bf
tf
c

b) Resolving equivalent forc

Superimposed DL:
Roof Live Load:
By Interpolation: λ = 1.376 Wind Load:

Normal Load Per Linear Meter: c. Combination of Loads

Due to DL:
Tributary width = Purlin spacing = 600mm Load Combination
Vertical DL, WDL = Selfweight + Superimposed DL
DL + RLL
WDL = 6.18 + 0.90 KPa (0.6m)(1000N/1KN) Basic Load
203.4.1

WDL = 546.2 N/m

DL + WL1
Normal Component, WDL(N) = WDL cos 0 = 546.18 cos 4.407°
WDL(N) = 545.07 N/m
DL + WL2
Due to RLL:
WRLL = 0.60 KPa (0.6m)(1000N/1KN)
DL + 0.75 [ RLL +
WRLL = 360.0 N/m 0.6(WL1)]
203.4.2. Alternative

Normal Component, WRLL(N) = WRLL(N) cos 0 = 360 cos 4.407°

DL + 0.75 [ RLL +
Basic Load

WRLL(N) = 359.27 N/m 0.6(WL2)]

Due to WL:
0.6DL + 0.6WL1
WWL1 = 8.848KPa (0.6m)(1000N/1KN) = 3,750.0 N/m
WWL2 = 1.569KPa (0.6m)(1000N/1KN) = 660.5 N/m 0.6DL + 0.6WL2

Tangential Load Per Linear Meter:

Due to DL: d. Interaction Criteria
“Biaxial bending” occurs
WDL = 546.2 N/m
produces bending about bo
Tangential Component, WDL(T) = WDL sin 0 = 546.18 sin 4.775° To deal with combined loa
Members subjected to Flexu
WDL(T) = 34.747 N/m with combined loading prim
Due to RLL: account for the relativeimpo
corresponding to that effect
WRLL = 360.0 N/m
Normal Component, WRLL(T) = WRLL(T) cos 0 = 360 sin 4.407°
If there is bending abo
WRLL(T) = 22.902 N/m
requires thatthe sum of rati

e. Determine bending force

Use the DL + RLL under
For bending along X

Mx

Where,
fbx, fby = required flexural stress at the specific axis using ASD Mx
load combinations
Fbx, Fby = allowable flexural stress

fbx
By checking width-limiting thickness ratio to determine whether it is a
compact or non-compact section. The equation below should be satisfied for a
compact section,

bf 170
≤ fbx
2tf √ Fy
For bending along Y
50 ≤ 170 My
2(3) √ 248

8.3333 ≤ 10.80 .: OK
My
Therefore, section LC150x50x18x3.0 is compact.

fby
If the section is compact, the flexural capacity (Fbx if along x-axis and Fby for
y-axis) ofthe purlin is equal to 0.66Fy , if it is non-compact section, its flexural or
bendingmoment capacity is equal to 0.60Fy.

Fb = 0.66Fy (compact section)

fby
 fby
Fb = 0.60Fy (non-compact section)

It should be noted that for bending along X-axis (Mx), the addition of sagrod Applying the interaction crit
has noeffect in bending moment which is always considered as a simply
supported M=WL2/8.
fbx
Fbx
A different scenario for bending along Y-axis (My), if one sagrod is added at
midspanthe purlin will be treated as a continuous beam.
30.19
The maximum moment @ midspan will be computed using three moment 0.66(248)
equation:

0.20

The DCR = 0.2 is safe.

f. Deflection Check
Along X-axis,

δx =

δx =

Along Y-axis,

Thus,
δy =

δy =
The same applies for
the bendingmoment at

Total Actual Deflection:

δmax actual = √              

δx
2
+ δy
2

δmax actual =
    (1.1338) + (0.4728)
√                      
2 2

δmax actual =
  1.228 mm
Allowable Deflection

L
δallowable =
180
3000
=
180
δallowable = 16.667 mm

Demand Capacity Ratio, DCR:

δmax actual
DCR =
δallowable
1.228
=
16.667
DCR = 0.074
 ure Category
rring to Section 207A.7.2 (NSCP 2015 page 2-42).
Open and flat terrain is equivalent to Exposure C.

raphic Factor (KZT),

KZT = 1.0 (See Section 207A.8, NSCP 2015 )

e Roof Zones
g Figure 207E.5-4A, the roof angle θ = 3.647° will fall under Monoslope
Roofs, 3°< 0 ≤ 10°, h ≤ 18m.

Wind Pressure (Pnet9),

g Figure 207E.5-1 (page 2-170), the basic wind speed, V = 270kph will
fall into 250kph column (closest).

ctive wind area of purlins = 0.6 x 3.0 = 1.8 m2

1.2 / 19 = 0.0637 = 3.6475 °

n Wind Pressure,

Pressure Suction
(KPa) (KPa)
1.376(1.0)(0.800) = 1.1008 1.376(1.0)(-2.032) = -2.796
1.376(1.0)(0.800) = 1.1008 1.376(1.0)(-3.184) = -4.3812
1.376(1.0)(0.800) = 1.1008 1.376(1.0)(-4.542) = -6.250

ming no sag rod in place, Choose safe channel (LC) section with Demand
acity Ratio (DCR) ≤ 0.80. Check strength and deflection requirements.
itial LC section, L = 3m
Depth/Length = 1/32 = L/32 = 3000/32 = 93.75 mm
Therefore: Initial depth = 93.75mm say 150mm
Referring to ASEP sections. Try LC150x50x1.8x3.0 for initial section.
Section Properties:
Weight, W = 6.18kg/m = 60.62 N/m
= 783mm2
4.775
= 2.53E+06 mm4 °

= 3.37E+04 mm 3

= 2.43E+05 mm4
4.775
= 6.90E+03 mm3 °

= 150 mm
= 50 mm
= 3.0 mm
= 14.7 mm

esolving equivalent forces in reference to axis X and Y.

Superimposed DL: 0.9 KPa
Roof Live Load: 0.6 KPa
Wind Load: 6.250 KPa (Suction)
1.1008 KPa (Pressure)

nation of Loads

d Combination WN(N/m) WT(N/m)

DL + RLL 545.07 + 359.27 = 904.34 34.75 + 22.90 = 57.65

DL + WL1 545.07 + 3750.0 = 4295.1 34.75 + 3750.0 = 3784.7

DL + WL2 545.07 + 660.5 = 1205.6 34.75 + 660.48 = 695.23

545.07 + 0.75 [ 359.27 + 34.75 + 0.75 [ 22.90 +

DL + 0.75 [ RLL +
0.6(WL1)] ###( 3750.0 )] = 3654.79 ###( 3750.0 )] = 1739.42
545.07 + 0.75 [ 359.27 + 34.75 + 0.75 [ 22.90 +
DL + 0.75 [ RLL +
0.6(WL2)] ###( 660.5 )] = 1111.74 ###( 660.5 )] = 349.14

0.6DL + 0.6WL1 ###( 545.07+ 3,750 )= 2577.0 0.6 ( 34.75 + 3,750 )= 2270.8

0.6DL + 0.6WL2 ###( 545.07+ 660 )= 723.3 0.6 ( 34.75 + 660 )= 417.1
 + +

ction Criteria
Biaxial bending” occurs when a beam is subjected to a loading condition that
uces bending about both the major (strong) axis and the minor (weak) axis.
eal with combined loading, we look ahead to Section 508.2 Unsymmetric
mbers subjected to Flexure of NSCP 2015 (page 5-78). The specification deals
combined loading primarily through the use of interaction formulas, which
unt for the relativeimportance of each load effect in relation to the strength
esponding to that effect.

If there is bending about both the x and y axes, the interaction approach
ires thatthe sum of ratios for the two effects be less than 1.0; that is,

etermine bending forces.

Use the DL + RLL under basic load combination to define our algorithm.
For bending along X-axis,

= WNL2 (simply supported)

8
(904.34)(32)
=
8
4.77
5°
= 1017.39 N.m

4.77
5°
= Mx
Sx

= 1017.39
3.37E+04
( 1000mm
1m
)
= 30.19 MPa

For bending along Y-axis,

= WNL2 (simply supported)

8
(57.65)(32)
=
8
= 64.86 MPa

Mx
=
Sx
=
64.86
3.37E+04
( 1000mm
1m )
= 1.92 MPa
 = 1.92 MPa

ying the interaction criteria for DL+RLL load combination:

fbx fby
+ ≤ 1.0
Fbx Fby

30.19 1.92
+ ≤ 1.0
0.66(248) 0.66(248)

≤ 1.0 .: OK

The DCR = 0.2 is safe.

flection Check
Along X-axis,

5WNL4 5 [904.34(1m/1000mm)](3000)4
=
384EIy 384(200000)(4206x103)
1.1338 mm

Along Y-axis,

5WTL4 5 [57.65(1m/1000mm)](3000)4
=
384EIy 384(200000)(643x103)
0.4728mm
The same applies for sagrod in third points, using three moment equation
the bendingmoment at Y-axis will be:
1.228 mm
 .: This section is safe and
1.228 mm ≤ 12.5mm
economical.
 WIND LOAD CALCULATIONS

Three Storey Residential Building

Location:
Brgy. Mother Barangay Rosary Heights, Cotabato City

Design Criteria
Dimension: 12m by 9m
Span of Truss, (Lt): 13 m C.
Rise of Truss,(Ht): 1m Occupancy Type:
Bay Length, (Lb): 3m Description:
Spacing of Spacing, (Sp): 0.6 m NSCP-2015: Table 103-1 Occupancy
Total Length of Top Chord, (Ltc): 13.04 m
Roof Angle, (O): 4.407 ° D.
Total Height, (Hs): 8.5 m Exposure Category:
Windward Wall Height, (Z): 8.5 m NSCP-2015: 207A.7.3 Exposure Cate
Least Horizontal Dimension, (Lhd): 9m
Mean Roof Height, (h): 7.8 m E. Acco
# of Purlins, (n): 21 m Building:
Are enclosed or partially enclosed bu
Mean roof height id less than or equa
Classification and Calculation of the Structure
` NSCP-2015: 207A.2 Definition
Location: Cotabato City
Zone Classification: Zone 3 F. Velocity Ex
Basic Wind Speed, (V): 270 kph = 75 m/s Windward Wall Height, (Z):
NSCP-2015: Figure 207A.5-1A Basic Wind Speed By Interpolation,
z (m)
B. Wind Directionality 7.6
Structure Type: Buildings: Main Wind Force Resisting System 7.8
Directionality Factor, (Kd): 0.85 9.1
NSCP-2015: Figure 207A.6-1A Wind Directionality Factor, (Kd) NSCP-2015: 207C.3-1 Exposure Coeffi
G. Topographic Factor, (Kzt) The building that does not co
enclosed buildings could be classified
Since the site conditions and location of the structure did not meet all the condition
specified in Section 207A.8-1. then, Hence, the
Kzt = 1.00 NSCP-2015: Figure 207A.1-1 Process
NSCP-2015: 207A.8-1 Topographic Effects
K. Internal
H. According to Rigidity The Building is classified as Encl
Low-rise Building as defined in Section 207A.9.2, are to be permitted to be considered rigid. Gcpi =
Building: Rigid Gcpi =
NSCP-2015: 207A.9.2 Frequency Determination NSCP-2015: Table 207A.11-1 Interna
 I. Gust Effect Factor L. Vel
For rigid structure = 0.85 qz =
NSCP-2015: 207A.9.2 Gust Effect Factor qz =
qh =
J. According to Total Area Method qh =
Ao = 10.968 m2 NSCP-2015: Table 207A.11-1 Interna
Aoi = 51.127 m2
Ag = 348.94 m2 M. Extern
Agi = 715.25 m2
Roof Angle
Notes: 1
Ao = Total of the openings in a wall that receives positive external pressure, m 2 0-5 0.4
Aoi = Total sum of the areas of the openings in the building
Ag = The gross area of that wall in which Ao is identified, m 2
Agi = The sum of the gross surface area of the building Roof
Angle
1 2 3
For the building to be partially enclosed, both of the following condition shall be - - -
0-90
satisfied: 0.45 0.69 0.37

1.) Ao > 1.10 Aoi NSCP-2015: 207c.4.1.1 External Pres

2.) Ao > 0.37 m2 or 0.01 Ag, whichever is smaller, and Aoi/Agi <= 0.20. See Note, For Monoslope Roofs, Entire Roof S

N. Calculate Wind Pressure, (p)

p = qh[(GCpf) - (GCpi)]
Load Case A
Building Surface
GCpi
1 2 3 4 1E 2E 3E 4E
+ 0.18 0.61 - 2.41 - 2.71 - 1.30 1.19 - 3.46 - 1.97 - 1.69
- 0.18 1.61 - 1.41 0.66 - 0.30 2.19 - 2.47 - 0.97 - 0.69

Load Case B
Roof Building Surfaces
Angle
1 2 3 4 5 6 1E 2E 3E 4E 5E 6E
- - - - 0.4 - - - - - -
0-90 0.61
0.45 0.69 0.37 0.45 0 0.29 0.48 1.07 0.53 0.48 0.43
 C. Occupancy Category
Category IV
Standard Occupancy Structures
015: Table 103-1 Occupancy Category

D. Exposure Category
C
015: 207A.7.3 Exposure Categories

E. According to Building Height

Low-rise
enclosed or partially enclosed buildings that comply with the following conditions: 1.
n roof height id less than or equal to18m.

015: 207A.2 Definition

F. Velocity Exposure Coefficients Kh and Kz

rd Wall Height, (Z):
nterpolation,
Kh Kz
0.94 0.94
0.9453 0.9453
0.98 0.98
015: 207C.3-1 Exposure Coefficients, Kh and Kz
e building that does not comply with the requirements for the open and partially
d buildings could be classified as enclosed building.

Hence, the Building is Enclosed Building.

015: Figure 207A.1-1 Process of DeterminingWind Loads

K. Internal Pressure Coefficient, (GCpi)

Building is classified as Enclosed Building
+ 0.18
- 0.18
015: Table 207A.11-1 Internal Pressure Coefficient
 L. Velocity Pressure, qz or qh
0.613 Kz Kzt Kd V2
2,770.59 N/m2
0.613 Kh Kzt Kd V2
2,770.59 /m2
015: Table 207A.11-1 Internal Pressure Coefficient

M. External Pressure Coefficient, GCp

Load Case A
Building Surface
1 2 3 4 1E 2E 3E 4E
0.4 -0.69 -0.37 -0.29 0.61 -1.07 -0.53 -0.43

Load Case B
Building Surfaces
4 5 6 1E 2E 3E 4E 5E 6E
- 0.4 - - - - - -
0.61
0.45 0 0.29 0.48 1.07 0.53 0.48 0.43
015: 207c.4.1.1 External Pressure Coeffiecient, (GCpf)
For Monoslope Roofs, Entire Roof Surface is Either a Windward or Leeward Surface
Design for Dead Load

Weight of Truss (Wt)

2L 50 x 50 x 5
Properties:
Weight: 3.77 kg/m
Area: 480 mm2
Depth: 50 mm
Width: 50 mm
Thickness: 5 mm
Top Chord: 12.04 x 2 = 24.08 m
Bot. Chord: 12 x 2 = 24 m
Vertical: ( 1 + 0.9 + 0.8 + 0.7 + 0.6 + 0.5 + 0.4 + 0.3 + 0.2 ) x 2 = 10.4 m
Diagonal: (1.5+1.442+1.389+1.342+1.3+1.265+1.237+1.217) x 2 = 21.384 m
TOTAL: 79.864 m
Weight,
WT = 79.864 x 3.77 x 9.81 / 1000 = 2.954 KN

Weight of Roof Covering

Galvanized Corrugated Roofing (Rib Type)
Weight per unit area: 26.363 kg/m2
WRC = 26.363 x 9.81 x 12 x 9 / 1000 = 27.931 KN

Weight of Purlins,
WP = 3.77 x 12 x 9.81 / 1000 = 0.4438 KN

Total Dead Load,

WD = W T + WRC + WP
WD = 2.954 + 27.931 + 0.4438 = 31.3285 KN
Spacing of Purlins = 0.60 m

Gravity loads on Purlins

a. Weight of Roof Covering

Galvanized Corrugated Roofing (Rib Type)
Weight per unit area: 26.363 kg/m2
WRC = 26.363 x 9.81 / 1000 = 0.2586 KN/m

b. Weight of Purlins
Spacing on Purlins = 0.6 m
Referring to ASEP sections. Try LC150x50x1.8x3.0 for initial section.
Section Properties:
Weight, W = 6.18kg/m = 60.62 N/m
Area, A = 783mm2
lx = 2.53E+06 mm4
Sx = 3.37E+04 mm3
ly = 2.43E+05 mm4
Sy = 6.90E+03 mm3
d = 150 mm
bf = 50 mm
 tf = 3.0 mm
c = 14.7 mm

Weight of Purlins,
WP = 6.18 x 9.81 / 1000 = 0.0606 KN/m