Examnes CCNA 4.0 Exploration-Routing Protocols and Concepts

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CCNA Exploration 4.0: (II) Routing Protocols and

Concepts
Chapter 1: Introduction to Routing and Packet Forwarding
1. If a router cannot find a valid configuration file during the startup sequence, what will
occur?
The startup sequence will reset.
*The router will prompt the user for a response to enter setup mode.
The startup sequence will halt until a valid configuration file is acquired.
The router will generate a default configuration file based on the last valid configuration.
The router will monitor local traffic to determine routing protocol configuration
requirements.
2.
Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator has configured the router with the
interface IP addresses shown for the directly connected networks. Pings from the router
to hosts on the connected networks or pings between router interfaces are not working.
What is the most likely problem?
The destination networks do not exist.

The IP addresses on the router interfaces must be configured as network addresses and
not host addresses.
* The interfaces must be enabled with the no shutdown command.
Each interface must be configured with the clock rate command.
3.
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Refer to the exhibit. What can be concluded from the routing table output in the exhibit?
(Choose two.)
This router only has two interfaces.

The router interfaces are not operational yet.
This router is configured to forward packets to remote networks.
* The FastEthernet0/0 and Serial0/0/0 interfaces of this router were configured with an
IP address and the no shutdown command.
* An IP packet received by this router with a destination address of 198.18.9.1 will be
forwarded out of the Serial0/0/0 interface.
4.
Refer to the exhibit. The frame shown in the exhibit was received by the router. The
router interfaces are operational. How will the router process this frame? (Choose two.)
The router will change the source and destination IP address in the packet before
forwarding the frame.
* The router will change the frame type to one supported by the WAN link before
forwarding the frame.
The router will use the destination MAC address to determine which interface to forward
the packet.
The router will look up the MAC address of the S0/0/0 interface in the ARP table and
add it to the frame before forwarding.
* The frame was received on the Fa0/0 interface of the router and will be switched to
the S0/0/0 interface.
The frame was received on the S0/0/0 interface of the router and will be switched to the
Fa0/0 interface.
5. Passwords can be used to restrict access to all or parts of the Cisco IOS. Select the
modes and interfaces that can be protected with passwords. (Choose three.)
* VTY interface
* console interface
Ethernet interface
secret EXEC mode
* privileged EXEC mode
router configuration mode
6. Which two statements correctly describe the components of a router? (Choose two.)
RAM permanently stores the configuration file used during the boot sequence.
* ROM contains diagnostics executed on hardware modules.
NVRAM stores a backup copy of the IOS used during the boot sequence.
* Flash memory does not lose its contents during a reboot.
ROM contains the most current and most complete version of the IOS.
Flash contains boot system commands to identify the location of the IOS
7.
Refer to the exhibit. After host 2 is connected to the switch on the LAN, host 2 is unable
to communicate with host 1. What is the cause of this problem?
The subnet mask of host 2 is incorrect.
* Host 1 and host 2 are on different networks.
The switch needs an IP address that is not configured.
The router LAN interface and host 1 are on different networks.
The IP address of host 1 is on a different network than is the LAN interface of the
router.
8. Which are functions of a router? (Choose three.)
* packet switching
extension of network segments
* segmentation of broadcast domains
* selection of best path based on logical addressing
election of best path based on physical addressing
9.
Refer to the exhibit. All routers have a route in its routing table to each network that is
shown in the exhibit. Default routes have not been issued on these routers. What can
be concluded about how packets are forwarded in this network? (Choose two.)
If RouterC receives a packet that is destined for 10.5.1.1, it will be forwarded out
interface Fa0/0.
* If RouterA receives a packet that is destined for 192.168.3.146, it will be forwarded
out interface S0/0/1.
* If RouterB receives a packet that is destined for 10.5.27.15, it will be forwarded out
interface S0/0/1.
If RouterB receives a packet that is destined for 172.20.255.1, it will be forwarded out
interface S0/0/0.
If RouterC receives a packet that is destined for 192.16.5.101, it will be forwarded out
interface S0/0/1.
10.
The serial connection shown in the graphic needs to be configured. Which configuration
commands must be made on the Sydney router to establish connectivity with the
Melbourne site? (Choose three.)
* Sydney(config-if)# ip address 201.100.53.2 255.255.255.0
* Sydney(config-if)# no shutdown
Sydney(config-if)# ip address 201.100.53.1 255.255.255.224
* Sydney(config-if)# clock rate 56000
Sydney(config-if)# ip host Melbourne 201.100.53.2
11.
Refer to the exhibit. What can be concluded from the output of the running-
configuration of a router?
The passwords are encrypted.

The current configuration was saved to NVRAM.
The configuration that is shown will be the one used on the next reboot.
* The commands that are displayed determine the current operation of the router.
12.
Refer to the exhibit. Host A pings host B. When R4 accepts the ping into the Ethernet
interface, what two pieces of header information are included? (Choose two.)
source IP address: 192.168.10.129

source IP address: BBBB.3333.5677
destination IP address: 192.168.10.33
* destination IP address: 192.168.10.134
* destination MAC address: 9999.DADC.1234
13. What is the outcome of entering these commands?
R1(config)# line vty 0 4

R1(config-line)# password check123
R1(config-line)# login
ensures that a password is entered before entering user EXEC mode

* sets the password to be used for connecting to this router via Telnet
requires check123 to be entered before the configuration can be saved
creates a local user account for logging in to a router or switch
14. Which of the following is the correct flow of routines for a router startup?
* load bootstrap, load IOS, apply configuration

load bootstrap, apply configuration, load IOS
load IOS, load bootstrap, apply configuration, check hardware
check hardware, apply configuration, load bootstrap, load IOS
15. What three processes does a router execute when it receives a packet from one
network that is destined for another network? (Choose three.)
* decapsulates the Layer 3 packet by stripping off the Layer 2 frame header
uses the destination MAC Address in the IP Header to look up the next-hop address in
the routing table
leaves the Layer 2 frame header intact when decapsulating the Layer 3 packet
* uses the destination IP Address in the IP header to look up the next-hop address in
the routing table
* encapsulates the Layer 3 packet into the new Layer 2 frame and forwards it out the
exit interface
encapsulates the Layer 3 packet into a special Layer 1 frame and forwards it to the exit
interface
16. The network administrator needs to connect two routers directly via their
FastEthernet ports. What cable should the network administrator use?
straight-through
rollover
* cross-over
serial
17. Which two statements describe characteristics of load balancing? (Choose two.)
Load balancing occurs when a router sends the same packet to different destination
networks. Load balancing occurs when a router sends the same packet to different
destination networks.
* Load balancing allows a router to forward packets over multiple paths to the same
destination network.
* Unequal cost load balancing is supported by EIGRP.
If multiple paths with different metrics to a destinations exist, the router cannot support
load balancing.
18. What information about the router and its startup process can be gathered from the
output of the show version command? (Choose three.)
* the last restart method

the command buffer contents
the amount of NVRAM and FLASH used
* the configuration register settings
* the location from where the IOS loaded
19.
Which interfaces in the exhibit could be used for a leased line WAN connection? (Choose
two.)
*1
2
3
*4
5
6
20. From what location can a router load the Cisco IOS during the boot process?
(Choose two.)
RAM
* TFTP server
NVRAM
setup routine
* Flash memory
terminal
21. A network administrator has just entered new configurations into Router1. Which
command should be executed to save configuration changes to NVRAM?
Router1# copy running-config flash

Router1(config)# copy running-config flash
Router1# copy running-config startup-config
* Router1(config)# copy running-config startup-config
Router1# copy startup-config running-config
Router1(config)# copy startup-config running-config
22. What is the default sequence for loading the configuration file?
NVRAM, FLASH, ROM

FLASH, TFTP,CONSOLE
* NVRAM, TFTP, CONSOLE
FLASH, TFTP, ROM
23. What header address information does a router change in the information it receives
from an attached Ethernet interface before information is transmitted out another
interface?
only the Layer 2 source address

only the Layer 2 destination address
only the Layer 3 source address
only the Layer 3 destination address
* the Layer 2 source and destination address
the Layer 3 source and destination address
Chapter 2: Static Routing
1 A static route that points to the next hop IP will have what administrative distance
and metric in the routing table?
administrative distance of 0 and metric of 0

* administrative distance of 1 and metric of 0
2 What address can be used to summarize networks 172.16.1.0/24, 172.16.2.0/24,

172.16.3.0/24, and 172.16.4.0/24?
* 172.16.0.0/21
172.16.1.0/22
172.16.0.0 255.255.255.248
172.16.0.0 255.255.252.0
3
The routers in the diagram use the subnet assignments shown. What is the most
efficient route summary that can be configured on Router3 to advertise the internal
networks to the cloud?
192.1.1.0/26 and 192.1.1.64/27

192.1.1.128/25
192.1.1.0/23 and 192.1.1.64/23
192.1.1.0/24
* 192.1.1.0/25
192.1.1.0/24 and 192.1.1.64/24
Refer to the exhibit. What is the significance of the /8 in the route to the 10.0.0.0
network?
It indicates that there are 8 hops between this router and the 10.0.0.0 network.
It represents the time, in milliseconds, it takes for a ping to reply when sent to the
10.0.0.0 network.
It indicates that there are 8 subnets in the destination network to which the router can
forward packets.
* It indicates the number of consecutive bits, from the left, in the destination IP address
of a packet that must match 10.0.0.0 to use that route.
Refer to the exhibit. How will packets destined to the 172.16.0.0 network be forwarded?
* Router1 will perform recursive lookup and packet will exit S0/0.
Router1 will perform recursive lookup and packet will exit S0/1.
There is no matching interface associated with network 172.16.0.0 so packets will be
dropped.
There is no matching interface associated with network 172.16.0.0 so packets will take
gateway of last resort and exit out S0/2.
6 A network administrator enters the following command into Router1: ip route
192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 S0/1/0. Router1 then receives a packet that is destined for
192.168.0.22/24. After finding the recently configured static route in the routing table,
what does Router1 do next to process the packet?
drops the packet because the destination host is not listed in the routing table
looks up the MAC address of the S0/1/0 interface to determine the destination MAC
address of the new frame
performs a recursive lookup for the IP address of the S0/1/0 interface before forwarding
the packet
* encapsulates the packet into a frame for the WAN link and forwards the packet out
the S0/1/0 interface
7
Refer to the exhibit. Given the output in the exhibit, how would a clock rate be
determined for this link?
The rate would be negotiated by both routers.

A rate would not be selected due to the DCE/DTE connection mismatch.
The rate configured on the DTE determines the clock rate.
* The rate configured on the DCE determines the clock rate.
8
Refer to the exhibit. Which set of commands will configure static routes that will allow
the WinterPark and the Altamonte routers to deliver packets from each LAN and direct
all other traffic to the Internet?
* WinterPark(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.146.1

Altamonte(config)# ip route 10.0.234.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.146.2
Altamonte(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0/1
WinterPark(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.146.1
9 Hosts on two separate subnets cannot communicate. The network administrator

suspects a missing route in one of the routing tables. Which three commands can be
used to help troubleshoot Layer 3 connectivity issues? (Choose three.)
* ping
show arp
* traceroute
* show ip route
show interface
show cdp neighbor detail
10
Refer to the exhibit. A company network engineer is assigned to establish connectivity
between the two Ethernet networks so that hosts on the 10.1.1.0/24 subnet can contact
hosts on the 10.1.2.0/24 subnet. The engineer has been told to use only static routing
for these company routers. Which set of commands will establish connectivity between
the two Ethernet networks?
R1(config)# ip route 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1

R2(config)# ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.2
R1(config)# ip route 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.2
R2(config)# ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1
* R1(config)# ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.2
R2(config)# ip route 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1
R1(config)# ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1
R2(config)# ip route 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.2
R1(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.2.1
R2(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.1.1
11 Which of the following are displayed by the Router# show cdp neighbors command?
(Choose three.)
load
* platform
reliability
* holdtime
* local interface
12
Refer to the exhibit. What two commands are required to provide connectivity between
the 192.168.1.0 and 10.0.0.0 networks without requiring recursive lookup? (Choose
two.)
* A(config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 s 0/1/0

A(config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 172.16.40.2
A (config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 s 0/0/0
* B(config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 s 0/0/0
B (config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.40.1
B(config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 s 0/1/0
13
Refer to the exhibit. What two commands will change the next-hop address for the
10.0.0.0/8 network from 172.16.40.2 to 192.168.1.2? (Choose two.)
A(config)# no network 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 172.16.40.2

A(config)# no ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 172.16.40.2
* A(config)# no ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 172.16.40.2
A(config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 s0/0/0
* A(config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 192.168.1.2
14 What happens to a static route entry in a routing table when the outgoing interface
is not available?
* The route is removed from the table.

The router polls neighbors for a replacement route.
The route remains in the table because it was defined as static.
The router redirects the static route to compensate for the loss of the next hop device.
15 A router has one static route to each destination network. Which two scenarios
would require an administrator to alter the static routes that are configured on that
router? (Choose two.)
* The destination network no longer exists.

The destination network is moved to a different interface on the same router.
The path between the source and destination is upgraded with a higher bandwidth link.
* A topology change occurs where the existing next-hop address or exit interface is not
accessible.
The remote destination network interface has to be down for 15 minutes of
maintenance.
16 Why is it advisable to enter a next-hop IP address when creating a static route

whose exit interface is an Ethernet network?
Adding the next-hop address eliminates the need for the router to do any lookups in the
routing table before forwarding a packet.
* In a multi-access network, the router cannot determine the next-hop MAC address for
the Ethernet frame without a next-hop address.
Using a next-hop address in a static route provides a route with a lower metric.
In multi-access networks, using a next-hop address in a static route makes that route a
candidate default route.
17 The output of the Router# show interfaces serial 0/1 command displays the
following:
Serial0/1 is up, line protocol is down.
What is the most likely cause for the line protocol being down?
Serial0/1 is shutdown.
There is no cable connecting the routers.
The remote router is using serial 0/0.
* No clock rate has been set.
18
Refer to the exhibit. Which static route should be configured on Router1 so that host A
will be able to reach host B on the 172.16.0.0 network?
ip route 192.168.0.0 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0

ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.0.1
ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 S0/0/1
* ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 S0/0/0
19 What two devices are responsible for converting the data from the WAN service
provider into a form acceptable by the router? (Choose two).
the serial port of the router

* a modem
a switch
the ethernet port of the router
* a CSU/DSU device
a DTE device
20
Which of the following is true regarding CDP and the graphic shown?
CDP running on Router D will gather information about routers A, B, C, and E.

* By default, Router A will receive CDP advertisements from routers B and C.
If routers D and E are running different routing protocols, they will not exchange CDP
information.
Router E can use CDP to identify the IOS running on Router B.
21 Which two statements describe functions or characteristics of CDP? (Choose two.)
* It starts up automatically and allows the device to detect directly connected neighbor
devices that use CDP.
It operates at the network layer and allows two systems to learn about each other.
It creates a topology map of the entire network.
* It allows systems to learn about each other even if different network layer protocols
are configured.
It forwards advertisements about routes for faster convergence.
22 Which piece of information is available from examining the output of the command
show ip interface brief?
Interface speed and duplex

Interface MTU
Errors
Interface MAC address
* Interface IP address
Chapter 3: Introduction to Dynamic Routing Protocols
1. Which two statements correctly describe the concepts of administrative distance and
metric? (Choose two.)
* Administrative distance refers to the trustworthiness of a particular route.

A router first installs routes with higher administrative distances.
The value of the administrative distance can not be altered by the network
administrator.
* Routes with the smallest metric to a destination indicate the best path.
The metric is always determined based on hop count.
The metric varies depending which Layer 3 protocol is being routed, such as IP or IPX.
2.
Refer to the exhibit. Which statement correctly describes how R1 will determine the best
path to R2?
R1 will install a RIP route using network A in its routing table because the administrative
distance of RIP is higher than EIGRP.
R1 will install a RIP route using network A in its routing table because the path cost
from RIP is lower than EIGRP.
* R1 will install an EIGRP route using network B in its routing table because the
administrative distance of EIGRP is lower than RIP.
R1 will install an EIGRP route using network B in its routing table because the path cost
from EIGRP is lower than RIP.
R1 will install an EIGRP route and a RIP route in its routing table and load balance
between them.
3. Which two statements are true regarding classless routing protocols? (Choose two.)
* sends subnet mask information in routing updates

sends complete routing table update to all neighbors
is supported by RIP version 1
* allows for use of both 192.168.1.0/30 and 192.168.1.16/28 subnets in the same
topology
reduces the amount of address space available in an organization
4. Which command would the network administrator issue to determine if load balancing
is in effect on a router?
show ip protocols
* show ip route
show ip interface brief
show ip interface
5. Which statement is true regarding routing protocols?
RIP uses hop count and bandwidth as the metric for path selection and sendsupdates
periodically.
OSPF is a Cisco proprietary protocol that sends updates triggered by topology changes.
* EIGRP uses DUAL to calculate the shortest path and can be configured to do unequal
cost load balancing.
BGP is a path vector interior routing protocol.
6. Which two conditions would create a setting where the use of a distance-vector
routing protocol would be efficient? (Choose two.)
the network requires a special hierarchical design

fast convergence of the network is crucial
* the network is using a hub and spoke topology
* the network is using a flat design
there are more than 15 hops between the most distant routers
7. What is the purpose of a routing protocol?
It is used to build and maintain ARP tables.

It provides a method for segmenting and reassembling data packets.
It allows an administrator to devise an addressing scheme for the network.
* It allows a router to share information about known networks with other routers.
It provides a procedure for encoding and decoding data into bits for packet forwarding.
8. Which of the following best describes the operation of distance vector routing
protocols?
They use hop count as their only metric.

They only send out updates when a new network is added.
* They send their routing tables to directly connected neighbors.
They flood the entire network with routing updates.
9. Which of the following is associated with link-state routing protocols?
low processor overhead

poison reverse
routing loops
split horizon
* shortest-path first calculations
10. Why is fast convergence desirable in networks that use dynamic routing protocols?
Routers will not allow packets to be forwarded until the network has converged.
Hosts are unable to access their gateway until the network has converged.
* Routers may make incorrect forwarding decisions until the network has converged.
Routers will not allow configuration changes to be made until the network has
converged.
11. Which of the following conditions must be met in order for a network to have
converged?
The routers in the network are operating with dynamic routing protocols.
The routers in the network are operating with compatible versions of IOS.
The routers in the network are operating with the same routing tables.
* The routers in the network are operating with consistent routing knowledge.
12. Which two statements are true regarding metrics? (Choose two.)
RIP uses bandwidth as a metric.

OSPF uses delay as a metric.
* EIGRP uses bandwidth as a metric.
* OSPF uses cost based on bandwidth as a metric.
RIP uses delay as a metric.
EIGRP uses hop count only as a metric.
13. Which two statements are true regarding the advantages of the use of static routes?
(Choose two).
* increased security
reduced effort in configuring routes
* the administrator maintains control over routing
easier to implement in a growing network
reduces the chance of routing errors
increased router resource usage
14. The following line of code is displayed in a routing table:
R 209.165.201.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.252.2, 00:00:16, S0/0/0
What can be concluded from this output?
A packet destined for host 192.168.252.2 will be forwarded out the interface connected
to network 209.165.201.0/24.
* The value, 120, is used to determine the best path when a router has more than one
routing protocol configured for the same destination network.
This route was manually configured using the ip route command.
192.168.252.2 is an interface on the router that produced this output.
15. What will be the result of the following commands?
ORL(config)# interface fastethernet 0/0

ORL(config-if)# ip address 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0
ORL(config-if)# no shutdown
The 172.16.3.0 network will be routed by any dynamic routing protocol automatically.
* A routing table entry is made to the 172.16.3.0 network with a code of “C”.
A static route is required to route traffic to the 172.16.3.0 network.
The commands will be saved to the startup-configuration
16. An engineer creates a static route by entering the Router(config)# ip route 10.0.0.0
255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2 command. What can be concluded about this route?
* The administrative distance of this route is 1.

192.168.1.2 is the address of an interface on this router.
This route will display as a directly connected network in the routing table.
Packets with a destination IP address of 192.168.1.2 will be forwarded to the
10.0.0.0/24 network first.
17.
Refer to the exhibit. Router1 and Router2 are running EIGRP. All interfaces are
operational and packets can be forwarded between all networks. What information will
be found in the routing table for Router1?
Router1 will have 6 directly connected networks.

* The administrative distance of the route to network 172.16.0.0 will be 90.
The metric for routes to 172.16.0.0 will be 1.
The interface that is used to forward packets to 172.16.0.0 will always be the S0/1
interface.
18 The following line of code is present in the routing table:
O 10.16.1.0/27 [110/129] via 192.168.1.5, 00:00:05, Serial0/0/1
What does the number 129 indicate in this output?
* The cost for this link has a value of 129.

The clock rate on this serial interface is set to 129,000.
The next-hop router is 129 hops away from this router.
This route has been updated 129 times in this routing table.
19. A growing medium-sized manufacturing company recently began to have routing
instability issues. The company uses static routes and has a mixture of over 30 Cisco
and non-Cisco routers. The network administrator has decided to convert the network to
dynamic routing. What characteristics of protocols should be considered in this selection
process?
Distance vector routing protocols, such as RIP, converge more quickly than do link-state
routing protocols.
EIGRP can be used on all of the routers in the company.
* OSPF can be used between the routers.
An exterior routing protocol, such as BGP, is recommended for growing companies.
20.
Refer to the exhibit. If RIP is the routing protocol, what is the value of the metric from
router A to network 192.168.5.0/24?
*3
4
56
624
724
21. A router learns two paths with equal metrics to a destination network via the RIP
routing protocol. How will the router handle packets to the destination network?
The router will install the first route it learned into the routing table.
* The router will install both routes in the routing table and load balance between the
two.
The router will put the first route in the routing table, and denote the second route as a
backup route.
The router will pick the path with the higher bandwidth and will place it in the routing
table
Chapter 4: Distance Vector Routing Protocols
1 What is a routing loop?
a packet bouncing back and forth between two loopback interfaces on a router
a condition where a return path from a destination is different from the outbound path
forming a "loop"
* a condition where a packet is constantly transmitted within a series of routers without
ever reaching its intended destination
the distribution of routes from one routing protocol into another
2 Which of the following methods does split horizon use to reduce incorrect routing
information?
Routing updates are split in half to reduce the update time.

* Information learned from one source is not distributed back to that source.
New route information must be learned from multiple sources to be accepted.
The time between updates is split in half to speed convergence.
New route information is suppressed until the system has converged.
3 A network administrator is evaluating RIP versus EIGRP for a new network. The
network will be sensitive to congestion and must respond quickly to topology changes.
What are two good reasons to choose EIGRP instead of RIP in this case? (Choose two.)
EIGRP uses periodic updates.

* EIGRP only updates affected neighbors.
EIGRP uses broadcast updates.
* EIGRP updates are partial.
EIGRP uses the efficient Bellman-Ford algorithm.
What actions will occur after RouterA loses connectivity to network 114.125.16.0?
(Choose two.)
* RouterB will include network 123.92.76.0 and 136.125.85.0 in its update to RouterA.
During the next update interval, RouterB will send a RIP update out both ports that
includes the inaccessible network.
During the next update interval, RouterC will send an update to RouterB stating that
network 114.125.16.0 is accessible in 2 hops.
* Router C will learn of the loss of connectivity to network 114.125.16.0 from RouterB.
RouterB will include network 123.92.76.0 and 136.125.85.0 in its update to RouterC.
5 Which of the following statements are correct about RIP?
uses a broadcast to update all other routers in the network every 60 seconds
uses a multicast address to update other routers every 90 seconds
* will send out an update if there is a failure of a link
updates only contain information about routes that have changed since last update
6 Which two conditions are most likely to cause a routing loop? (Choose two.)
random jitter
implementation of classful addressing
* inconsistent routing tables
* incorrectly configured static routes
a network converging too quickly
Refer to the exhibit. What path will packets from the 192.168.1.0/24 network travel to
reach the 10.0.0.0/8 network if RIP is the active routing protocol?
The path will be router A -> router B -> router C -> router E.
* The path will be router A -> router D -> router E.
Router A will load balance between the router A -> router D -> router E and router A ->
router B -> router C -> router E paths.
Packets will alternate paths depending on the order they arrive at router A.
8 What is the purpose of the TTL field in the IP header?
used to mark routes as unreachable in updates sent to other routers

prevents regular update messages from reinstating a route that may have gone bad
prevents a router from advertising a network through the interface from which the
update came
* limits the time or hops that a packet can traverse through the network before it
should be discarded
defines a maximum metric value for each distance vector routing protocol by setting a
maximum hop count
9 Which of the following can exist in a distance vector network that has not converged?
(Choose three.)
* routing loops
* inconsistent traffic forwarding
no traffic forwarding until system converges
* inconsistent routing table entries
routing table updates sent to wrong destinations
10 What does the RIP holddown timer do?
ensures an invalid route has a metric of 15
prevents a router from sending any updates after it has introduced a routing loop into
the network
ensures every new route is valid before sending an update
* instructs routers to ignore updates, for a specified time or event, about possible
inaccessible routes
11
Refer to the exhibit. If all routers are using RIP, how many rounds of updates will occur
before all routers know all networks?
1
2
*3
4
5
6
12 Three routers running a distance-vector routing protocol lost all power, including the
battery backups. When the routers reload, what will happen?
They will share all routes saved in NVRAM prior to the power loss with their directly
connected neighbors.
They will multicast hello packets to all other routers in the network to establish neighbor
adjacencies.
* They will send updates that include only directly connected routes to their directly
connected neighbors.
They will broadcast their full routing table to all routers in the network.
13 Which two statements describe EIGRP? (Choose two.)
EIGRP can be used with Cisco and non-Cisco routers.

* EIGRP sends triggered updates whenever there is a change in topology that influences
the routing information.
EIGRP has an infinite metric of 16.
* EIGRP sends a partial routing table update, which includes just routes that have been
changed.
EIGRP broadcasts its updates to all routers in the network.
14
The graphic shows a network that is configured to use RIP routing protocol. Router2
detects that the link to Router1 has gone down. It then advertises the network for this
link with a hop count metric of 16. Which routing loop prevention mechanism is in
effect?
split horizon
error condition
hold-down timer
* route poisoning
count to infinity
15 What metric does the RIP routing protocol consider to be infinity?
0
15
* 16
224
255
16 Which two statements are true regarding the function of the RIPv1 routing updates?
(Choose two).
updates are broadcast only when there are changes to the topology
* updates are broadcast at regular intervals
broadcast are sent to 0.0.0.0
* broadcasts are sent to 255.255.255.255
updates contain the entire network topology
only changes are included in the updates
17 Which three routing protocols are distance vector routing protocols? (Choose three).
* RIPv1
* EIGRP
OSPF
IS-IS
* RIPv2
18
Refer to the exhibit. The routers in this network are running RIP. Router A has not
received an update from Router B in over three minutes. How will Router A respond?
The Holddown timer will wait to remove the route from the table for 60 seconds.
* The Invalid timer will mark the route as unusable if an update has not been received
in 180 seconds.
The Update timer will request an update for routes that were learned from Router B.
The Hello timer will expire after 10 seconds and the route will be flushed out of the
routing table.
19 What does a router running RIP do first with a new route that is received from an
advertisement?
* places it immediately in the routing table

adjusts the metric for the new route to show the added distance for the route
advertises this route out all other interfaces except the one that it came in on
sends a ping packet to verify that the path is a feasible route
20 Which event will cause a triggered update?
an update routing timer expires

a corrupt update message is received
* a route is installed in the routing table
the network is converged
21 Which statement is true regarding cisco’s RIP_JITTER variable?
It prevents the synchronization of routing updates by buffering the updates as they

leave the router interfaces.
* It prevents the synchronization of routing updates by subtracting a random length of
time ranging from 0% to 15% of the specified interval time from the next routing
update interval.
It prevents the synchronization of routing updates by causing the router to skip every
other scheduled update time.
It prevents the synchronization of routing updates by forcing the router to listen when
its time for other updates on the lines before sending its update.
Chapter 5: RIPv1
Refer to the exhibit. The network that is shown is running RIPv1. The 192.168.10.0/24
network was recently added and will only contain end users. What command or set of
commands should be entered on Router1 to prevent RIPv1 updates from being sent to
the end user devices on the new network while still allowing this new network to be
advertised to other routers?
Router1(config-router)# no router rip

Router1(config-router)# network 192.168.10.0
Router1(config-router)# no network 192.168.10.0
* Router1(config-router)# passive-interface fastethernet 0/0
Router1(config-router)# passive-interface serial 0/0/0
2. The following line was displayed in the output of the show ip route command.
R 192.168.3.0/24 [120/3] via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:30, Serial0/0
What is the value of the routing metric?
*3
12
20
30
120
3. Which of the following is considered a limitation of RIP v1?
* RIP v1 does not send subnet mask information in its updates.

RIP v1 is not widely supported by networking hardware vendors.
RIP v1 consumes excessive bandwidth by multicasting routing updates using a Class D
address.
RIP v1 requires enhanced router processors and extra RAM to function effectively.
RIP v1 does not support load balancing across equal-cost paths.
RIP v1 authentication is complicated and time-consuming to configure.
Refer to the exhibit. The Ethernet interface on Router2 goes down and the administrator
notices that the route is still in the Router1 routing table. How much longer will Router1
keep the down network in its routing table before marking it as possibly down?
30 seconds
90 seconds
* 155 seconds
180 seconds
255 seconds
Refer to the exhibit. Router1 is running RIPv1. What command was entered into
Router1 to configure the gateway of last resort?
no auto-summary
ip default-network 0.0.0.0
ip default-gateway 0.0.0.0
* ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 S0/0/1
6. What are three characteristics of the RIPv1 routing protocol? (Choose three.)
supports the use of VLSM

* uses hop count as a metric
* considers a metric of 16 as infinity
has an administrative distance of 110 by default
includes the destination IP address and subnet mask in routing updates
*calculates metrics using the Bellman Ford algorithm
Which of the following would be the correct command sequence to enable RIP on Router
B for all connected networks?
RouterB# router rip

RouterB(router)# network 210.36.7.0
RouterB(config)# router rip

RouterB(config-router)# network 198.16.4.0
RouterB(config)# configure router rip


* RouterB(config)# router rip

8. What is the default update period in seconds for the RIP routing protocol?
10
12
15
20
* 30
60
Refer to the exhibit. What can be concluded from the routing table output of router B?
A static default route has been configured on B.

* The default-information originate command has been entered on A.
All traffic that is destined for 192.168.1.1 will be sent to address 0.0.0.0.
Hosts on the 10.16.1.0/27 network have 192.168.1.1 configured as the default gateway
address.
10
Refer to the exhibit. A network consists of multiple routers. What can be verified when
the show ip protocols command is issued on one of the routers in the network?
whether all routes in the network have been properly added to the routing table
* routing protocol configuration in use for IP on this router
operational status of routing protocols in use on all routers in the network
routing metric of each network that is listed in the routing table
11
Refer to the exhibit. All routers are configured with valid interface addresses in the
indicated networks and are running RIPv1. The network is converged. Which routes are
present in the routing tables?
All routers have all routes in their routing table.

All routers have all /30 routes, but do not have /24 routes in their routing table.
* All routers have all /30 routes. Routers A and E also have some of the /24 routes in
their routing table.
All routers have all /30 routes. Routers B and D also have some of the /24 routes in
their routing table.
Routers A and E have all routes. Routers B and D have only /30 routes in their routing
table.
Routers A and E have only /24 routes. Routers B and D have only /30 routes in their
routing table.
12. Which two statements are true regarding the characteristics of RIPv1? (Choose
two).
It is a distance vector routing protocol.

It advertises the address and subnet mask for routes in routing updates.
The data portion of a RIP message is encapsulated into a TCP segment.
* The data portion of a RIP message is encapsulated into a UDP segment.
* It broadcasts updates every 15 seconds.
It allows a maximum of 15 routers in the routing domain.
13. Which command or set of commands will stop the RIP routing process?

RouterB(config-router)# shutdown
RouterB(config-router)# network no 192.168.2.0
* RouterB(config)# no router rip
RouterB(config)# router no rip
14
Refer to the exhibit. All routers in the exhibit are running RIP v1. The network
administrator issues the show ip route command on router A. What routes would appear
in the routing table output if the network is converged? (Choose two).
* R 192.168.2.0/24 [120/1]
C 192.168.2.0/24 [120/1]
R 10.10.3.0/24 [120/0]
C 10.10.3.0/24 [120/1]
* R 10.10.1.0/24 [120/2]
R 10.10.1.0/24 [120/3]
15. Which command will display RIP activity as it occurs on a router?

* debug ip rip
show ip route
show ip interface
show ip protocols
debug ip rip config
show ip rip database
16
Refer to the output from the show ip route command. What can be concluded from the
output of this router command?
A preferred route to the destination has not been set.

* There are two equal cost paths to network 1.0.0.0.
Both interfaces are being used equally to route traffic.
A variance must be set to load-balance across multiple paths.
17.
Refer to the exhibit. Router1 and Router2 are running the RIPv1 protocol. The network
administrator configures the command network 10.1.0.0 on Router1. What network will
Router1 advertise to Router2?
10.1.0.0/16
10.1.0.0/8
10.0.0.0/16
* 10.0.0.0/8
18.
Refer to the exhibit. Pings between the serial interfaces of the routers are successful.
Hosts on each LAN can ping the Fa0/0 interface of the router to which they are directly
connected through the switch. However, pings between hosts on the 10.1.1.0/24 and
10.1.2.0/24 networks are unsuccessful. What is a likely cause of this problem?
The Fa0/0 interface on R1 is configured as a passive interface.

The Fa0/0 interfaces on each router is shutdown.
* RIP is configured incorrectly on R1.
Automatic summarization is preventing the routing updates from being forwarded.
The network has not converged and R2 must wait 12 more seconds before receiving a
full routing table update from R1.
19. What will happen if an interface IP address is entered for the address portion of the
network command in a RIPv1 configuration instead of a network address?
The router will reject the command.

A route to the host address will be added to outgoing RIP updates.
A route to the host address will be added to the routing table.
* All interfaces in the same classful network as the configured address will be included
in the RIPv1 routing process.
20.
Refer to the exhibit. All routers that are shown are running the RIP routing protocol. All
unknown IP traffic must be forwarded to the ISP. What router or set of routers are
recommended to have both a default route and the default-information originate
command issued to implement this forwarding policy?
only Router1
* only the gateway router
all routers in the network
only the routers with LANs needing Internet access
Chapter 6: VLSM and CIDR
1. What does VLSM allow a network administrator to do?
utilize one subnet mask throughout an autonomous system

*utilize multiple subnet masks in the same IP address space
utilize IGRP as the routing protocol in an entire autonomous system
utilize multiple routing protocols within an autonomous system
Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator needs to create two subnetworks from
10.0.0.0/8 for a router running RIPv2. The Admin subnet requires 120 hosts and the
Sales subnet requires 58 hosts. The network administrator assigned 10.0.1.128/25 to
the Admin subnet. The Sales subnet is given 10.0.1.192/26. What will be the result of
this addressing scheme?
Because RIPv2 does not support VLSM, the subnet masks will not be allowed.
The subnets will not have enough host addresses for the given network requirements.
*The subnets overlap and will be rejected by the router.
The router will support the addressing scheme.
3 A network administrator is tasked with dividing up a class C network among the QA,
Sales, and Administration departments. The QA department is made up of 10 people,
the Sales is made up of 28 people, and the Administration has 6. Which two subnets
masks adequately address the QA and Sales departments? (Choose two.)
255.255.255.252 for QA
*255.255.255.224 for Sales
*255.255.255.240 for QA
255.255.255.248 for QA
255.255.255.0 for Sales
4 Which three interior routing protocols support VLSM? (Choose three.)
*OSPF
RIP v1
*RIP v2
*EIGRP
BGP
STP
5
Refer to the exhibit. What subnet mask will be applied if Router A sends a RIPv1 update
for the network 172.16.1.0 to Router B?
none
8
16
*24
6 What two advantages does CIDR provide to a network? (Choose two.)
*reduced routing table size

dynamic address assignment
automatic route redistribution
*reduced routing update traffic
automatic summarization at classful boundaries
A Class C address has been assigned for use in the network shown in the graphic. Using
VLSM, which bit mask should be used to provide for the number of host addresses
required on Router A, while wasting the fewest addresses?
/31
/30
/29
/28
*/27
/26
Refer to the exhibit. Which address is a broadcast address for one of the subnets that
are shown in the exhibit?
192.168.4.3/29
*192.168.4.15/29
192.168.4.65/26
192.168.4.255/24
Refer to the exhibit. A network technician enters the static route in R1 needed to reach
network 10.1.1.0/24. A ping from the S0/0/0 interface on R1 to host B fails. The
technician begins testing the network and has the following results:
1. pings from R1 to the S0/0/0 interface on R2....successful
2. pings from R1 to the Fa0/0 interface on R2....successful
3. pings from host B to hosts on the 10.1.1.0/24 network....successful
4. pings from host B to the Fa0/0 interface on R2....successful
5. pings from R2 to host B....successful.
What is the likely cause of the failure of the ping from R1 to host B?
*The default gateway on host B is not correctly set.

There are no routes back to networks connected to R1 from R2.
There is a Layer 2 problem between R2 and host B.
Host B has a defective Ethernet card.
10
Refer to the exhibit. In the network that is shown, the router interfaces are assigned the
first address in each subnet. Which IP address would be usable for a host on one of the
LANs in this network?
192.168.1.5/30
192.168.2.17/28
192.168.2.63/27
*192.168.2.130/25
11
Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator wants to create a subnet for the point-
to-point connection between the two routers. Which subnetwork mask would provide
enough addresses for the point-to-point link with the least number of wasted
addresses?
255.255.255.192
255.255.255.224
255.255.255.240
255.255.255.248
*255.255.255.252
12 Which of the following problems does VLSM help to alleviate?
*the shortage of IP addresses

the difficulty of assigning static IP addresses to hosts in large enterprises
the complexity of implementing advanced routing protocols such as OSPF and EIGRP
the shortage of network administrators qualified in the use of RIP v1 and IGRP
13
Refer to the exhibit. A network engineer is summarizing the two groups of routes on
router R1 shown in the exhibit. Which summarization will work for all the subnets?
192.168.0.0/23
192.168.0.0/22
*192.168.0.0/21
192.168.0.0/20
14 Which of the following are contained in the routing updates of classless routing
protocols? (Choose two.)
*32-bit address
next hop router interface
*subnet mask
unicast host address
Layer 2 address
15
Refer to the exhibit. The number of required host addresses for each subnet in a
network is listed in the exhibit. This number includes the host address requirements for
all router ports and hosts on that subnet. After all device and router port address
assignments are determined, what will be the total number of unused host addresses
available?
6
14
*29
34
40
62
16
An additional subnet is required for a new Ethernet link between Router1 and Router2
as shown in the diagram. Which of the following subnet addresses can be configured in
this network to provide a maximum of 14 useable addresses for this link while wasting
the fewest addresses?
192.1.1.16/26
192.1.1.96/28
192.1.1.160/28
192.1.1.196/27
*192.1.1.224/28
192.1.1.240/28
17 A router has a summary route to network 192.168.32.0/20 installed in its routing

table. What range of networks are summarized by this route?
192.168.0.0 – 192.168.32.0/24
192.168.0.0 – 192.168.47.0/24
*192.168.32.0 – 192.168.47.0/24
192.168.32.0 – 192.168.48.0/24
192.168.32.0 – 192.168.63.0/24
18
In the network shown in the graphic, three bits were borrowed from the host portion of
a Class C address. How many valid host addresses will be unused on the three point-to-
point links combined if VLSM is not used?
3
4
12
36
*84
180
19
Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator wants to minimize the number of entries
in Router1’s routing table. What should the administrator implement on the network?
VLSM
*CIDR
private IP addresses
classful routing
20 What is a supernet?
the network for a default route

*a summarization of classful addresses
a network that contains both private and public addresses
a set of discontiguous networks that are controlled by an ISP
Chapter 7: RIPv2
1.
Refer to the exhibit. If all routers are running RIP version 2, why is there no route for
the 192.168.1.32/27 network?
Rip version 2 does not send subnet masks in its updates.
Router A is not setup with RIP as a routing protocol.
* Rip version 2 will auto summarize routes by default.
Router B is not setup to advertise the 192.168.1.64/30 network.
2.
Refer to the exhibit. Which two statements are true? (Choose two.)
* Router1 will install a route to 192.168.0.0/20

Router1 will install a route to 192.168.0.0/24
* Router2 will not install a route to 192.168.16.0/20
3.
Refer to the exhibit. Which command on which router will allow Router1 to learn about
the 192.168.0.0/20 network?
Router1(config)# ip classless
Router1(config-router)# no passive-interface serial 0/1/1
* Router2(config-router)# version 2
Router2(config-router)# neighbor 10.0.0.2
4. What are two reasons to implement RIP version 2 rather than RIP version 1? (Choose
two.)
* RIP version 2 supports VLSM.

RIP version 2 supports more than 16 routers.
RIP version 2 supports classful (and not classless) routing
* RIP version 2 supports routing update authentication.
RIP version 2 supports multi-areas.
RIP version 2 uses the Dijkstra algorithm rather than the Bellman-Ford algorithm.
5. How are RIP v1 and RIP v2 similar to one another? (Choose three.)
* They both use hop count as a metric.

* They both have the same metric value for infinite distance.
They both broadcast their updates to their neighbors.
They both send subnet mask information in their updates.
They both provide for authentication of update sources.
* They both use split horizon to prevent routing loops.
6.
Refer to the exhibit. Routers East and West are configured using RIPv1. Both routers
are sending updates about their directly connected routes. The East router can ping the
West router serial interface and West can ping the serial interface of East. However,
neither router has dynamically learned routes from the other. What is most likely the
problem?
A gateway of last resort is required.

Subnetting is not supported by RIPv1.
* VLSM is not supported by RIPv1.
One of the routers needs a clock rate on the serial interface.
7.
Refer to the exhibit. Which command will allow Router2 to learn about the
192.168.16.0/28 network?
Router1(config)# ip classless
* Router1(config-router)# network 192.168.16.0
Router1(config-router)# no passive-interface serial 0/1/1
Router2(config-router)# version 2
Router2(config-router)# neighbor 10.0.0.2
8.
Refer to the exhibit. All routers are running RIP version 2. JAX is configured to just
advertise the 10.0.0.0/24 network. CHI is configured to advertise the 172.16.0.0/16
network. A network administrator enters the commands shown in the exhibit. What
changes will occur in this network?
The JAX router will ignore updates for the 172.16.0.0/16 network due to split horizon
issues.
* The CHI router will install a route to the 192.168.0.0/16 network in its routing table.
The routing table for CHI will have the 192.168.0.0/16 route but it will have an S next
to the route.
The ORL router will apply a 255.255.0.0 subnet mask to all networks in the routing
updates it forwards.
9.
Refer to the exhibit. A technician needs to add a new loopback interface to test routing
functionality and network design. The technician enters the following set of commands
on the router:
Sanford(config)# interface loopback1

Sanford(config-if)# ip address 192.168.6.62 255.255.255.252
Why does the router respond with an error?
The router does not allow loopback interface configurations.

This mask can not be used with this class of addresses.
Classless routing must be configured before this address can be added.
* The network address for Loopback1 overlaps with an already configured interface
address.
The router is over the limit for the maximum paths that can be provided in the routing
table.
10. What is the maximum network diameter permitted by the default metric of RIPv2?
*15 hops
16 hops
100 hops
120 hops
255 hops
11. What are two functions of the network command used when configuring routing
protocols? (Choose two.)
* identifies which networks will be included in the routing updates

identifies the hosts addresses that can be summarized in the network
used to list all addresses for remote and local networks
determines which subnet mask to apply to routing updates
* determines which interfaces can send and receive routing updates
12.
Refer to the exhibit. What can be concluded from the output shown in the exhibit?
The routing table is limited to 2 routes.

The LAN interfaces are participating in the routing process.
One update has been sent out of each serial interface and 2 have been received.
* The no auto-summary has not been configured on this router.
13. A network administrator has been told that the company IP address infrastructure
must adhere to RFC 1918. What three IP address ranges from RFC 1918 could the
administrator use on the network? (Choose three.)
* 10.0.0.0/8
127.0.0.0/8
169.254.0.0/16
* 172.16.0.0/12
* 192.168.0.0/16
209.165.201.0/27
14.
Refer to the exhibit. All routers are running RIPv1. What changes will occur in the
routing table of router B if a loopback interface with an address of 10.16.1.129/27 is
configured on router B?
Routes to the 10.16.1.0/27, 10.16.1.64/27, and 10.16.1.128/27 networks are added.

* A connected route to the 10.16.1.128/27 network is added.
A third route to the 10.0.0.0/8 network with RIPv1 as the source is added.
The 10.0.0.0/8 route is dropped immediately from the routing table after router B is
configured.
15. A network administrator installed four new routers that are running RIPv2. Router1
is a boundary router in the RIPv2 network and has a default route configured. Once the
network has converged, the network administrator enters Router1(config-router)#
defaultinformation originate on Router1. How will this affect the network?
prevents Router1 from forwarding updates about networks that are not directly
connected
causes all routers in the network to synchronize routing updates with Router1
forces Router1 to become the primary or designated router (DR) for updates
* propagates the default route to all routers in the network
16.
Refer to the exhibit. The exhibited network contains a mixture of Cisco and non-Cisco
routers. The command debug ip rip was entered on the JAX router. All routers are
running the same version of RIP. Router CHI and Router ORL are not able to reach the
192.168.1.16/28 network. What is a possible solution to this problem?
Enable split horizon in the network.

* Configure RIPv2 on routers.
Add network 192.168.1.0 to the RIP configuration on the JAX router.
Configure JAX Fa0/0 as a passive interface.
Enable the Serial0/0/0 interface on the JAX router.
Change the IP address on the Fa0/0 interface of the JAX router to 192.168.1.1/24.
17. What field was added to the RIP message header by RFC 1723 to add support for
VLSM and CIDR?
* subnet mask
destination port number
address family identifier
source and destination IP addresses
18.
Refer to the exhibit. What effect will the commands that are shown have on RIP updates
for Router1?
Only version 2 updates are sent to 255.255.255.255.

* Only version 2 updates are sent to 224.0.0.9.
Both version 1 and version 2 updates are sent to 224.0.0.9.
Both version 1 and version 2 updates are sent to 255.255.255.255.
19.
Refer to the exhibit. RIPv1 is configured as the routing protocol for the network that is
shown. The following commands are used on each router:
router rip
network 10.0.0.0
network 172.16.0.0
When this configuration is complete, users on the LAN of each router are unable to
access the remote LANs. Why?
The network statements are configured incorrectly.

A routing loop has been created.
* RIPv1 is unable to route to discontiguous subnets of a major network.
RIPv1 is unable to route networks with a /24 subnet mask.
20. RIPv2 is the configured routing protocol on the routers in a network. The command
Router(config-router)# no version 2 is entered on the routers. What effect does
entering this command have on routing updates?
Subnet masks will be added to the routing updates.

Routing updates will be sent out using multicast address 224.0.0.9.
* Version 1 and 2 updates will be received and the version 2 updates will not be sent.
The RIP routing process will be removed from the router and routing updates will not be
forwarded.
Chapter 8: The Routing Table: A Closer Look
1.
Refer to the exhibit. What can be determined from this output?
The router will have to perform recursive lookups to forward a packet destined for
192.168.2.213/24.
The parent route for these networks was removed from the routing table.
A route to 192.168.0.0/25 would be classified as a supernet route for the routes listed
in the routing table.
* All of the routes listed are network routes.
2.
Refer to the exhibit. A packet destined for host 128.107.0.5/16 is processed by the JAX
router. After finding the static route in the routing table that matches the destination
network for this packet, what does the router do next?
searches for a default route to forward the packet

drops the packet since the static route does not have an exit interface
* performs a recursive lookup to find the exit interface used to forward the packet
sends a request to neighboring routers for the location of the 128.107.0.0 network
3.
Refer to the exhibit. What parent network will automatically be included in the routing
table when the three subnets are configured on Router1?
* 172.16.0.0/16
172.16.0.0/24
172.16.0.0/30
172.16.1.0/16
172.16.1.0/24
4. The following entry is displayed in the routing table:
R 192.168.8.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.4.1, 00:00:26, Serial0/0/1
What type of route is this?
a level 1 parent route

a level 1 supernet route
* a level 1 ultimate network route
a level 2 child route
a level 2 ultimate child route
5.
Refer to the exhibit. Router1 is running IOS version 12.2. What will the network
administrator need to do so that packets for unknown child routes of 172.16.0.0/24 will
not be dropped?
Issue the ip default-network command

use a classful routing protocol such as RIPv1
enable either OSPF or ISIS as the routing protocol
issue the ip classless command
*do nothing, ip classless is on by default
6.
Refer to the exhibit. Router B receives a packet with a destination address of
10.16.1.97. What will router B do?
drop the packet

forward the packet via the route to 10.16.1.0
forward the packet via the route to 10.16.1.64
* use the default route
7.
Refer to the exhibit. How many routes in this output qualify for use as ultimate routes?
3
4
5
*7
8
8.
Refer to the exhibit. With the ip classless command issued, what will router R2 do with a
packet destined for host 172.16.4.234?
drop the packet

* send packet out Serial 0/0/1
send packet to network 0.0.0.0
send packet out FastEthernet 0/0
9.
Refer to the exhibit. Which statement correctly describes this network?
EIGRP is being used

* There is at least one parent and one child route
192.168.2.0, 192.168.3.0, and 192.168.4.0 networks are child routes
Traffic going to 172.16.3.0 will be directed to s 0/0/1
10.
Refer to the exhibit. Router1 has been issued the ip classless command. What happens
to packets destined to host 172.16.3.10?
they are dropped
sent to default gateway
* forward out interface Serial0/0/1
forward out interface FastEthernet 0/0
11.
Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator has discovered that packets destined for
servers on the 172.16.254.0 network are being ropped by Router2. What command
should the administrator issue to ensure that these packets are sent out the gateway of
last resort, Serial 0/0/1?
*ip classless
no ip classless
ip default-network 0.0.0.0
ip default-gateway 172.16.254.1
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Serial 0/0/1
12. A router has the following entries in its routing table:
S 192.168.0.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.128.2

O 192.168.0.0/25 [110/2175] via 172.16.1.1, 00:02:15, FastEthernet0/1
D 192.168.0.0/25 [90/22455] via 172.16.2.2, 00:12:15, Serial0/0/0
R 192.168.0.0/26 [120/2] via 172.16.3.3, 00:00:15, Serial0/0/1
The router receives a packet that is destined for a host with the address 192.168.0.58.
Which route would this router use to forward the packet?
the static route
the OSPF route
the EIGRP route
*the RIP route
13. What determines if the router implements a classless route lookup process?
Child routes are present in the routing table.

A classless routing protocol has been configured on the router.
*The command ip classless is enabled on the router.
Multiple routes with different masks to the same destination are in the routing table.
Routing table entries have a next-hop IP address and an exit interface for each child
route.
14. What occurs when no ip classless is implemented on the router?
The router will only support classful IP addressing.

The router will only support classful routing protocols.
The router will use a default route, if present, when a matching route is not found in the
routing table.
* The router will assume it has knowledge of all subnets in the network and will not
search beyond child routes for a better match.
15.
Refer to the exhibit. The graphic contains partial contents of the routing table on router
E. Router E is running version 12.3 of the IOS and is configured for default routing
behavior. Router E receives a packet to forward. Which route in the routing table will be
searched first and why?
172.16.1.0/25 because it is the first ultimate route
0.0.0.0/0 because it is the lowest network number
* 172.16.0.0/25 because it is the first level 1 route
172.18.0.0/15 because it has the shortest mask
16. A network is converged and the routing tables are complete. When a packet needs
to be forwarded, what is the first criterion used to determine the best path in the
routing table?
the route with the smallest AD

*the route with the longest address and mask match to the destination
the route with the highest bandwidth
the route with the best combination of AD and lowest cost
17.
Refer to the exhibit. What subnet mask will Router1 apply to child routes of the
172.16.0.0/24 network?
0.0.0.0
255.255.0.0
* 255.255.255.0
255.255.255.255
18.
Refer to the exhibit. What protocol was used to distribute the routing information for the
network 172.16.1.4?
RIPv1
*RIPv2
EIGRP
OSPF
19. A route to a destination network is learned from multiple routing protocols. What is
used by a Cisco router to select the preferred route to the destination that will be
installed in the routing table?
metric
route prefix
update timer
* administrative distance
Chapter 9: EIGRP
1. On a router running EIGRP, what database would maintain a list of feasible

successors?
routing table
neighbor table
* topology table
adjacency table
2.
Refer to the exhibit. This is the debug output from 2 directly connected EIGRP routers.
They are not forming an adjacency. What is the cause?
one router is a non-cisco router

* they have different autonomous-system numbers
they are using difference sequence numbers
they are sending incorrect hello types
3.
Refer to the exhibit. Which command will advertise the 192.168.1.64/30 network but
not the 192.168.1.32 network on router A?
network 192.168.1.0
network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0
* network 192.168.1.64 0.0.0.3
network 192.168.1.64 0.0.0.7
network 192.168.1.64 0.0.0.255
4. What two actions will the EIGRP DUAL FSM take if a link to a network goes down?
(Choose two.)
put the route into passive mode

* query neighbors for a new route
search routing table for a feasible successor
run the SPF algorithm to find a new successor
* search topology table for a feasible successor
5.
Refer to the exhibit. What is indicated by the P at the beginning of the topology entry?
* the route is in a stable state

the route is a preferred route
DUAL is searching for a better route to this destination
the exit interface is in passive mode and EIGRP advertisements are blocked
6. In which of the following tables does the EIGRP DUAL algorithm store the primary
route to a destination? (Choose two.)
* routing
* topology
neighbor
path
shortest path
7. What information is maintained in the EIGRP topology database for a destination

route? (Choose three.)
* the routing protocol

* the feasible distance of the route
the highest cost of the route
the SRTT value for the route
* the route cost as advertised by the neighboring router
the physical address of the gateway interface
8. Which of the following statements describes the bounded updates used by EIGRP?
Bounded updates are sent to all routers within an autonomous system.

* Partial updates are sent only to routers that need the information.
The updates are sent to all routers in the routing table.
Updates are bounded by the routers in the topology table.
9. Which of the following types of routes will be denoted by EX in EIGRP routing table
entries? (Choose two.)
* routes learned from other routing protocols

routes learned from any non-adjacent EIGRP routers
any route with a hop count metric higher than 224
* EIGRP routes that originate in different autonomous systems
all passive routes in the routing table
10.
Host 192.168.1.66 in the network illustrated is unable to ping host 192.168.1.130. How
must EIGRP be configured to enable connectivity between the two hosts? (Choose two.)
R1(config-router)# network 192.168.1.128

R1(config-router)# auto-summary
* R1(config-router)# no auto-summary
* R2(config-router)# no auto-summary
R2(config-router)# auto-summary
R2(config-router)# network 192.168.1.64
11. Which two statements describe characteristics of EIGRP? (Choose two.)
* EIGRP is a distance vector routing protocol.

* EIGRP supports classless routing and VLSM.
EIGRP is classified as a link-state routing protocol.
EIGRP uses TCP for reliable delivery of EIGRP update packets.
With EIGRP, loop-free paths are achieved through the use of hold-down timers.
EIGRP sends a periodic update every 30 minutes.
12.
Refer to the exhibit. Based on the output of show ip eigrp neighbors, what are two
possible problems with adjacencies between Router1 and Router2? (Choose two.)
* The routers are configured with different EIGRP process IDs.

Automatic summarization was disabled.
The hello timer for R1 was altered.
* The serial interfaces for both routers are in different networks.
No feasible successors were found.
13.
Refer to the exhibit. In the topology table, what do the numbers 3011840 and 3128695
represent?
the route metric that is applied to those EIGRP routes for this router
the trustworthiness of the routing information source
the composite of the hop count and bandwidth to that destination network
* the total metric for that network as advertised by the EIGRP neighbor
14.
Refer to the exhibit. EIGRP is the only routing protocol enabled on this network. No
static routes are configured on this router. What can be concluded about network
198.18.1.0/24 from the exhibited output?
A route to network 198.18.1.0/24 is not listed in the routing table.

* Packets that are destined for 198.18.1.0/24 will be forwarded to 198.18.10.6.
EIGRP will perform equal cost load balancing across two paths when forwarding packets
to 198.18.1.0/24.
The router with interface 172.16.3.2 is a successor for network 198.18.1.0/24.
15.
Refer to the exhibit. All interfaces have been configured with the bandwidths that are
shown in the exhibit. Assuming that all routers are using a default configuration of
EIGRP as their routing protocol, what path will packets take from the 172.16.1.0/16
network to the 192.168.200.0/24 network?
* A,B,E
A,C,E
A,D,E
Packets will load balance across the A,B,E and A,C,E paths.
Packets will load balance across the A,B,E and A,D,E paths.
Packets will load balance across the A,C,E and A,D,E paths.
16. By default, which two metrics are used by EIGRP to determine the best path
between networks?
MTU
load
* delay
* bandwidth
reliability
17. Which term defines a collection of networks under the administrative control of a
single entity that presents a common routing policy to the Internet?
* autonomous system
contiguous networks
process ID
BGP
18.
Refer to the exhibit. The company is using EIGRP with an autonomous system number
of 10. Pings between hosts on networks that are connected to router A and those that
are connected to router B are successful. However, users on the 192.168.3.0 network
are unable to reach users on the 192.168.1.32 network. What is the most likely cause
of this problem?
IP classless is enabled and is causing the packet to drop.

The command network 192.168.1.32 was not issued on router C.
* The routers are not configured in the same EIGRP routing domain.
Automatic summarization of the networks is causing the subnetted routes to be
dropped.
19. In the command router eigrp 20, what is the purpose of the number 20?
specifies the administrative distance for all EIGRP routes

* identifies the autonomous system number this EIGRP process will advertise
determines what metric is added to all advertised routes
indicates the number of addresses in the EIGRP routing domain
20. The show ip eigrp topology command output on a router displays a successor route
and a feasible successor route to network 192.168.1.0/24. In order to reduce processor
utilization, what does EIGRP do when the primary route to this network fails?
The router sends query packets to all EIGRP neighbors for a better route to network
192.168
The DUAL FSM immediately recomputes the algorithm to calculate the next backup
route.
Packets that are destined for network 192.168.1.0/24 are sent out the default gateway
instead.
* The backup route to network 192.168.1.0/24 is installed in the routing table.
21. What administrative distance would a router assign to a default route in EIGRP that
is learned from a source external to the autonomous system?
1
5
70
90
* 170
190
22.
Refer to the exhibit. Network 192.168.0.0/28 goes down. What type of packet does
Router2 immediately send to Router1 and Router3?
a query for network 192.168.0.0/28

an acknowledgment packet to 224.0.0.9
an update packet that is sent to 255.255.255.255
a packet that contains the new routing table for R2
* unicast update packets to 192.168.1.1 and 192.168.2.1
Chapter 10: Link-State Routing Protocols
1.
Refer to the exhibit. When Router D is configured to use a link-state routing protocol
and is added to the network, what is the first thing that it does to begin learning the
network topology?
It sends LSP packets to Routers B and C.
It sends LSP packets to all routers in the network.
It sends Hello packets to all routers in the network.
It sends information about its directly connected neighbors to Routers A and E.
It sends information about its directly connected neighbors to all routers in the network.
* It learns about its directly connected networks when its interfaces reach the up state.
2. What two events will cause a link state router to send LSPs to all neighbors? (Choose
two.)
30 second timer expires

* whenever the network topology changes
immediately after the Bellman-Ford algorithm has run
immediately after the DUAL FSM has built the topology database
* upon initial startup of router or routing protocol
3. What is the final step in the link state routing process?
successors are placed into the routing table

* SPF computes best path to each destination network
LSPs are flooded to all neighbors to converge the network
DUAL algorithm is run to find best path to destination networks
4. What two statements correctly describe the link state routing process? (Choose two.)
* each router in the area floods LSPs to all neighbors

* all routers in the area have identical link state databases
LSPs use the reserved multicast address of 224.0.0.10 to reach neighbors
routing loops are prevented by running the Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL)
Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP) is the protocol used by for the delivery and reception
of LSPs
5.
Refer to the exhibit. What kind of information would be seen in an LSP sent from router
JAX to router ATL?
hop count
uptime of the route
* cost of the link
a list of all the routing protocols in use
6. What feature do modern link-state protocols provide to minimize processing and

memory requirements?
* splitting routing topologies into smaller areas

assigning lower process priorities to route calculations
using update timers to restrict routing updates
strict split horizon rules to reduce routing table entries
7. To achieve network convergence, what three steps does each link state router take?
(Choose three.)
use automatic summarization to reduce the size of routing tables

* build a Link State Packet (LSP) containing the state of each directly connected link
* flood the LSP to all neighbors, who then store all LSPs received in a database
discover neighbors and establish adjacencies using the hello packet sent at regular
intervals
* construct a complete map of the topology and compute the best path to each
destination network
use the DUAL FSM to select efficient, loop-free paths, and insert routes into the routing
table
8. What speeds up convergence in a network using link-state routing?
* updates triggered by network changes
updates sent at regular intervals
updates sent only to directly connected neighbors
updates that include complete routing tables
9. Why is it difficult for routing loops to occur in networks that use link-state routing?
Each router builds a simple view of the network based on hop count.
Routers flood the network with LSAs to discover routing loops.
* Each router builds a complete and synchronized view of the network.
Routers use hold-down timers to prevent routing loops.
10. What are some of the advantages of using a link-state routing protocol instead of a
distance vector routing protocol? (Choose two.)
The topology database eliminates the need for a routing table.

Frequent periodic updates are sent to minimize the number of incorrect routes in the
topological database.
* Routers have direct knowledge of all links in the network and how they are connected.
* After the inital LSA flooding, they generally require less bandwidth to communicate
changes in a topology.
Link-state protocols require less router processor power than distance vector protocols.
11. Which algorithm is run by link-state routing protocols to calculate the shortest path
to destination networks?
DUAL
* Dijkstra
Bellman-Ford
Diffie-Hellman
12.
Refer to the exhibit. Which statement correctly describes the path traffic would take
from the 10.0.0.0/24 network to the 192.168.1.0/24 network if a link-state routing
protocol was in use?
BOS -> ATL because this path is the least hops

BOS -> ATL because this path is highest cost
* BOS -> ORL -> JAX -> ATL because this path is the lowest cost
traffic would load balance across all links
13. Which database or table must be identical on all link-state routers within an area in
order to construct an accurate SPF tree?
routing table
adjacency table
* link-state database
neighbor table
topology database
14. Which two routing protocols use Dijkstra’s shortest path first algorithm? (Choose
two.)
RIPv1
RIPv2
* IS-IS
BGP
EIGRP
* OSPF
15. When are link-state packets sent to neighbors?
every 30 seconds
every 180 seconds
after the holddown time expires
* when a link goes up or down
when a routing loop occurs
16.
Refer to the exhibit. What does JAX do with link-state packets from ORL?
sends out its updated routing table to both ORL and BOS routers
* sends out the individual link-state packets out the interface connected to BOS
queries BOS to see if it has a better route
only adds it to the local routing table and performs no other actions
17. A new network administrator is given the task of selecting an appropriate dynamic
routing protocol for a software development company. The company has over 100
routers, uses CIDR and VLSM, requires fast convergence, and uses both Cisco and non-
Cisco equipment. Which routing protocol is appropriate for this company?
RIP version 2
IGRP
EIGRP
* OSPF
BGP
18. What action does a link-state router take immediately upon receipt of an LSP from a
neighboring router?
* floods the LSP to neighbors

calculates the SPF algorithm
runs the Bellman-Ford algorithm
computes the best path to the destination network
19.
Refer to the exhibit. If all routers and interfaces are configured to use a link-state
routing protocol, from which routers will router D receive hello packets?
A and E
* B and C
A, B, C, and E
C only
Chapter 11: OSPF
1.
Refer to the exhibit. What does the “O*E2″ from the “O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via
192.168.1.1, 00:05:34, Serial0/0″ line represent?
an internal type 2 OSPF route.

an external OSPF route at least two hops away.
an external OSPF route from two different sources.
* an external OSPF route that will not increment in cost.
a default route.
The route was distributed into OSPF from a type 2 router.
2.
Refer to the exhibit. What is the cost of the route to the 10.0.0.0 network?
2
110
* 1786
1.544
3. What three parameters must be indentical between OSPF routers in order to form an
adjacency? (Choose three.)
* area id
K-values
metric value
* hello interval
* network type
interface type
4. What does OSPF use to reduce the number of exchanges of routing information in
networks where large numbers of neighbors are present? (Choose two.)
root router
backup root router
domain router
backup domain router
* designated router
* backup designated router
5. What does OSPF use to calculate the cost to a destination network?
* bandwidth
bandwidth and hop count
bandwidth and reliability
bandwidth, load, and reliablity
6. A fully converged five router OSPF network has been running successfully for several
weeks. All configurations have been saved and no static routes are used. If one router
looses power and reboots, what information will be in its routing table after the
configuration file is loaded but before OSPF has converged?
All routes for the entire network will be present.

* Routes for connected networks that are operational will be in the routing table.
Because the SPF algorithm has not completed all calculations, no routes will be in the
table.
A summary route for all previously learned routes will automatically appear in the
routing table until all LSPs have been received by the router.
7.
Refer to the exhibit. Router A is correctly configured for OSPF. Which OSPF
configuration statement or set of statements was entered for router B to generate the
exhibited routing table?
* B(config-router)# network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0

B(config-router)# network 10.16.1.0 0.0.0.224 area 0
8.
Refer to the exhibit. Which network command or set of sommands will cause OSPF to be
enabled to send and receive packets for any R1 interface in the exhibited subnets?
R1(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 area 0

* R1(config-router)# network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
9.
Refer to the exhibit. What does the “2″ stand for in the router ospf 2 statement?
The number 2 is the autonomous system number.

The number 2 indicates the number of networks advertised by OSPF.
* The number 2 identifies this particular instance of OSPF on this router.
The number 2 indicates the priority of the OSPF process on this router.
10.
Refer to the exhibit. All routers have been configured with the interface priorities that
are shown. All routers were restarted simultaneously. The results of the DR/BDR
election are shown. What can be concluded about this network?
Router C cannot win a DR election under any circumstances.

If the link for interface 192.168.1.4 goes down, router B will become the new DR.
* The highest router ID was most likely determined via an OSPF router-id statement or
statements.
If a new router is added with a higher router ID than router D, it will become the DR.
11.
Refer to the exhibit. What configuration statements would give the results that are
shown in the output of the show ip protocols command?
B(config)# int fa0/0

B(config-if)# router-id 192.168.1.5
B(config)# int lo0
B(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.5
* B(config)# router ospf 1
* B(config-router)# router-id 192.168.1.5
B (config)# router ospf 1
B(config-router)# ip address 192.168.1.5
12.
Refer to the exhibit. How many OSPF adjacencies must be formed to build the complete
topology if a DR or BDR were not elected in this OSPF network?
4
5
*6
7
10
13. What is the default administrative distance for OSPF?
90
100
* 110
115
120
14.
Refer to the exhibit. Routers A, B, C, and D are all running OSPF with default router IDs
and OSPF interface priorities. Loopback interfaces are not configured and all interfaces
are operational. Router D is the DR and router C is the BDR.
What happens immediately after the following commands are entered on router A?
A(config)# interface fa0/0

A(config-if)# ip ospf priority 255
A will become the DR. D will become the BDR.

A will become the DR. C will remain the BDR.
D will remain the DR. A will become the BDR.
* D will remain the DR. C will remain the BDR.
15.
Refer to the exhibit. All routers are running OSPF. What cost would JAX put in its
routing table for the 10.0.0.0/24 network?
2
156
1564
1785
* 1787
16. What range of networks will be advertised in the OSPF updates by the command
Router1(config-router)# network 192.168.0.0 0.0.15.255 area 100?
192.168.0.0/24 through 192.168.0.15/24

* 192.168.0.0/24 through 192.168.15.0/24
192.168.15.0/24 through 192.168.31.0/24
192.168.15.0/24 through 192.168.255.0/24
192.168.16.0/24 through 192.168.255.0/24
17.
Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator wants to set the router ID of Router1 to
192.168.100.1. What steps must the administrator take to accomplish this?
shut down the loop back interface

use the OSPF router-id 192.168.100.1 command
use the clear ip ospf process command
* nothing, the router-id of Router1 is already 192.168.100.1
18.
Refer to the exhibit. When OSPF is operational in the exhibited network, what neighbor
relationship is developed between Router1 and Router2?
* A FULL adjacency is formed.

A 2WAY adjacency is formed.
Router2 will become the DR and Router1 will become the BDR.
Both routers will become DROTHERS.
19.
Refer to the exhibit. Assuming that the routers have default interface OSPF priorities
and no configured loopback interfaces, what two roles will router B play on each
network segment? (Choose two.)
* DR for network 192.168.1.200

BDR for network 192.168.1.200
DROTHER on 192.168.1.200
DR for network 192.168.1.204
* BDR for network 192.168.1.204
DROTHER on network 192.168.1.204
20.
Refer to the exhibit. Router1 and Router2 are running OSPF. The show ip ospf neighbor
command reveals no neighbors. What is a possible cause?
OSPF autonomous system IDs do not match.

OSPF process IDs do not match.
OSPF network types are identical.
* OSPF hello or dead timers do not match.
21.
Refer to the exhibit. Which command sequence on RouterB will redistribute a gateway
of last resort to the other routers in OSPF area 0?
RouterB(config)# router ospf 10

RouterB(config-router)# gateway-of-last-resort 172.16.6.6
RouterB(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 serial 0/0/0
* RouterB(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.6.6

*RouterB(config)# router ospf 10
*RouterB(config-router)# default-information originate

RouterB(config-router)# default-network 172.16.6.6 0.0.0.3 area 0
RouterB(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.6.6
RouterB(config)# ip default-route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.6.6

RouterB(config-router)# redistribute ip default-route
22.
Refer to the exhibit. RouterA, RouterB, and RouterC in the diagram are running OSPF on
their Ethernet interfaces. Router D was just added to the network. Routers are
configured with the loopback interfaces (Lo 0) that are shown in the exhibit. What
happens to the OSPF DR/BDR after RouterD is added to the network?
RouterB takes over as DR and RouterD becomes the BDR.

RouterD becomes the BDR and RouterA remains the DR.
RouterD becomes the DR and RouterA becomes the BDR.
RouterC acts as the DR until the election process is complete.
RouterD becomes the DR and RouterB remains the BDR.
* There is no change in the DR or BDR until either current DR or BDR goes down.
23. Which two statements describe the use of OSPF DR/BDR elections? (Choose two.)
Elections are always optional.

Elections are required in all WAN networks.
Elections are required in point-to-point networks.
* Elections are required in broadcast multiaccess networks.
* Elections are required in non-broadcast multiaccess networks.
24.
Refer to the exhibit. The routers in the exhibit are using default OSPF configuration
settings to advertise all attached networks. If all of the routers start at the same time,
what will be the result of the DR and BDR elections for this single area OSPF network?
(Choose three.)
HQ will be DR for 10.4.0.0/16.

* Router A will be DR for 10.4.0.0/16.
* HQ will be BDR for 10.4.0.0/16.
Router A will be DR for 10.5.0.0/16.
* Remote will be DR for 10.5.0.0/16.
Remote will be BDR for 10.5.0.0/16.
25.
Refer to the exhibit. What must be received between neighbors to prevent the dead
time that is shown in the exhibit from reaching zero?
any traffic through the router interfaces

routing database updates
* hello packets
BPDU packets
Final Exam
1. Which two statements are true regarding link-state routing protocols? (Choose two.)
They do not work well in networks that require special heirarchical designs.
* They are aware of the complete network topology.
They pass their entire routing tables to their directly connected neighbors only.
* They offer rapid convergence times in large networks.
They rely on decreasing hop counts to determine the best path.
They do not include subnet masks in their routing updates.
2. Which three statements about routing protocols are true? (Choose three.)
* OSPF elects designated routers on multiaccess links.

RIP does not support classless routing.
* EIGRP supports unequal cost load balancing.
EIGRP uses broadcast traffic to establish adjacencies with its neighbors.
* RIP does not advertise a route beyond a hop count of 15.
OSPF can convergence more quickly because it can find a feasible successor in its
topology table when a successor route goes down.
3. What does RIP use to reduce convergence time in a larger network?
It reduces the update timer to 15 seconds if there are more then 10 routes.
* It uses triggered updates to announce network changes if they happen in between the
periodic updates.
It uses random pings to detect if a pathway is down and therefore is preemptive on
finding networks that are down.
It uses multicast instead of broadcast to send routing updates.
4. What can be determined from the output shown in the exhibit? (Choose two.)
Annapolis is a 2611 router that is connected to the S0/0 interface of the Montgomery
router.
All of the routers are connected to Montgomery through an Ethernet switch.
* Montgomery has Layer 2 connectivity with Cumberland.
Layer 3 connectivity is operational for all of the devices listed in the Device ID column.
An administrator consoled into the Waldorf router can ping the Brant router.
* Brant, Fisherman, and Potomac are directly connected to Montgomery.
5. Refer to the exhibit. The results of the show ip route command are displayed in the
graphic for Router R2. Which route will be selected for a packet with a destination
address of 10.1.4.1?
static route to 10.1.0.0/22

RIP route to 10.1.0.0/23
RIP route to 10.1.0.0/24
* 0.0.0.0/0 via 192.168.0.1
6. Refer to the exhibit. All router interfaces are configured with an IP address and are
operational. If no routing protocols or static routes are configured, what information will
be included in the show ip route command output for router A?
All of the 192.168.x.0 networks will be in the routing table.

* Routes to networks 192.168.1.0/24, 192.168.2.0/24, and 192.168.3.0/24 will be in
the routing table.
The routing table will be empty because routes and dynamic routes have not been
configured.
A default route is automatically installed in the routing table to allow connectivity
between the networks.
7. Which of the following should be considered when troubleshooting a problem with the
establishment of neighbor relationships between OSPF routers? (Choose three.)
* OSPF interval timers mismatch

gateway of last resort not redistributed
* interface network type mismatch
no loopback interface configured
administrative distance mismatch
* inconsistent authentication configuration
8. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator is trying to figure out why BOS does not
have the 10.0.0.0/24 network in its routing table. All routers are configured for OSPF in
area 0. The links between the routers are operational and the administrator is able to
ping between all router interfaces. What is a logical next step that the network
administrator should take to troubleshoot the problem?
Reboot the routers.
Change the OSPF process ID on all of the routers to 0.
Check to see if the cable is loose between BOS and JAX.
Check to see if CDP packets are passing between the routers.
* Use show and debug commands to determine if hellos are propagating.
9. Refer to the exhibit. What two statements are true based on the output shown?
(Choose two.)
the reported distance to network 172.16.1.0 is 2172416
192.168.10.5 and 192.168.10.9 are feasible successors

* neighbors 192.168.10.9 and 192.168.10.5 have auto summary disabled
* router 3 is load balancing traffic to the 172.16.3.0 network across its serial interfaces
all interfaces shown on Router3 are in the passive state and will not send EIGRP
advertisements
10. The network shown in the diagram is having problems routing traffic. It is suspected
that the problem is with the addressing scheme. What is the problem with the
addressing used in the topology?
The address assigned to the Ethernet0 interface of Router1 is a broadcast address for
that subnetwork.
* The subnetwork configured on the serial link between Router1 and Router2 overlaps
with the subnetwork assigned to Ethernet0 of Router3.
The subnetwork assigned to the Serial0 interface of Router1 is on a different
subnetwork from the address for Serial0 of Router2.
The subnetwork assigned to Ethernet0 of Router2 overlaps with the subnetwork
assigned to Ethernet0 of Router3.
11. What is the function of the OSPF LSU packet?
used to confirm receipt of certain types of OSPF packets

used to establish and maintain adjacency with other OSPF routers
used to request more information about any entry in the BDR
* used to announce new OSPF information and to reply to certain types of requests
12. Which of the following are primary functions of a router? (Choose two.)
* packet switching
microsegmentation
domain name resolution
* path selection
flow control
13. Refer to the exhibit. What summary address can Router2 advertise to Router1 to
reach the three networks on Routers 3, 4, and 5 without advertising any public address
space or overlapping the networks on Router1?
172.16.0.0/8
172.16.0.0/10
* 172.16.0.0/13
172.16.0.0/20
172.16.0.0/24
14. What is the first step OSPF and IS-IS routers take in building a shortest path first
database?
* learn about directly connected networks

send hello to discover neighbors and form adjacencies
choose successors and feasible successors to populate the topology table
flood LSPs to all neighbors informing them of all known networks and their link states
15. Which three statements describe the operation of routing with EIGRP? (Choose
three.)
* As new neighbors are discovered, entries are placed in a neighbor table.

If the feasible successor has a higher advertised cost than the current successor route,
then it becomes the primary route.
* If hello packets are not received within the hold time, DUAL must recalculate the
topology.
* The reported distance is the distance to a destination as advertised by a neighbor.
EIGRP maintains full knowledge of the network topology in the topology table and
exchanges full routing information with neighboring routers in every update.
EIGRP builds one routing table that contains routes for all configured routed protocols.
16. A network administrator has configured a default route on Router_A but it is not
being shared with adjacent Router_B and the other routers in the OSPF area. Which
command will save the administrator the time and trouble of configuring this default
route on Router_B and all of the other routers in the OSPF area?
Router_A(config-router)# ospf redistribute default-route

Router_B(config-router)# ospf redistribute default-route
* Router_A(config-router)# default-information originate
Router_B(config-router)# default-information originate
Router_A(config-router)# ip ospf update-default
Router_B(config-router)# ip ospf update-default
17. Which of the following are required when adding a network to the OSPF routing
process configuration? (Choose three.)
* network address
loopback address
autonomous system number
subnet mask
* wildcard mask
* area ID
18. A network administrator has enabled RIP on routers B and C in the network
diagram. Which of the following commands will prevent RIP updates from being sent to
Router A?
A(config)# router rip

A(config-router)# passive-interface S0/0
B(config)# router rip
B(config-router)# network 192.168.25.48
B(config-router)# network 192.168.25.64
A(config)# router rip
A(config-router)# no network 192.168.25.32
* B(config)# router rip
* B(config-router)# passive-interface S0/0
A(config)# no router rip
19. Which statement is true regarding routing metrics?
All routing protocols use the same metrics.
EIGRP uses bandwidth as its only metric.
* Routers compare metrics to determine the best route.
The larger metric generally represents the better path.
20. Refer to the exhibit. The network is running the RIP routing protocol. Network
10.0.0.0 goes down. Which statement is true regarding how the routers in this topology
will respond to this event?
Router4 will learn about the failed route 30 seconds later in the next periodic update.
Split horizon will prevent Router4 from fowarding packets to the 10.0.0.0 network until
the holddown timer expires.
Router5 immediately flushes the unreachable route from its routing table.
* Router5 will send Router4 a triggered update with a metric of 16 for network
10.0.0.0.
21. What command would the network administrator apply to a router that is running
OSPF to advertise the entire range of addresses included in 172.16.0.0/19 in area 0?

* R1(config-router)# network 172.16.0.0 0.0.31.255 area 0
22. Refer to the exhibit. How many routes are both level 1 and qualify for use as an
ultimate route?
1
*2
3
4
5
6
23. Refer to the exhibit. What will happen if interface Serial0/0/1 goes down on
Router1?
The Dijkstra algorithm will calculate the feasible successor.

* DUAL will query neighbors for a route to network 192.168.1.0.
Neighbor 172.16.3.2 will be promoted to the feasible successor.
Traffic destined to the 192.168.1.0 network will be dropped immediately due to lack of a
feasible successor.
24. Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator issues the command no ip classless
on Router1. What forwarding action will take place on a packet that is received by
Router1 and is destined for host 192.168.0.26?
* The packet will be dropped.

The packet will be forwarded to the gateway of last resort.
The packet will match the 192.168.0.0 network and be forwarded out Serial 0/0.
The packet will most closely match the 192.168.0.8 subnet and be forwarded out Serial
0/1.
25. Which three statements are true regarding the encapsulation and de-encapsulation
of packets when traveling through a router? (Choose three.)
* The router modifies the TTL field, decrementing it by one.

The router changes the source IP to the IP of the exit interface.
* The router maintains the same source and destination IP.
* The router changes the source physical address to the physical address of the exit
interface.
The router changes the destination IP to the IP of the exit interface.
The router sends the packet out all other interfaces, besides the one it entered the
router on.
26. Refer to the exhibit. What is the most efficient summarization of the routes attached
to router R1?
198.18.0.0/16
* 198.18.48.0/21
198.18.32.0/22
198.18.48.0/23
198.18.49.0/23
198.18.52.0/22
27. What are two tasks that must be completed before two routers can use OSPF to
form a neighbor adjacency? (Choose two.)
The routers must elect a designated router.

* The routers must agree on the network type.
* The routers must use the same dead interval.
The routers must exchange link state requests.
The routers must exchange database description packets.
28. Refer to the exhibit. The network is using the RIPv2 routing protocol. If network
10.0.0.0 goes down, what mechanism will prevent Router1 from advertising false
routing information back to Router2?
triggered updates
poison reverse
* holddown timers
split horizon
29. Refer to the exhibit. R1 knows two routes, Path A and Path B, to the Ethernet
network attached to R3. R1 learned Path A to network 10.2.0.0/16 from a static route
and Path B to network 10.2.0.0/16 from EIGRP. Which route will R1 install in its routing
table?
Both routes are installed and load balancing occurs across both paths.
The route via Path B is installed because the EIGRP route has the best metric to network
10.2.0.0/16.
* The route via Path A is installed because the static route has the best metric to
network 10.2.0.0/16.
The route via Path B is installed because the EIGRP route has the lowest administrative
distance to network 10.2.0.0/16.
The route via Path A is installed because the static route has the lowest administrative
distance to network 10.2.0.0/16.
30. Refer to the exhibit. Hosts on the BOS Fa0/0 LAN are able to ping the Fa0/1
interface on the JAX router and all interfaces on the BOS and ORL routers. Why would
hosts from the 10.0.0.0/24 network not be able to ping hosts on the Fa0/0 LAN of the
JAX router?
The JAX router has the wrong process ID.

* The JAX router needs the network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 command.
The JAX router needs the network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 command.
The BOS router needs the network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 command.
31. What is the purpose of the TTL field within an IP packet header?
clears an unreachable route from the routing table after the invalid timer expires
prevents regular update messages from inappropriately reinstating a route that may
have gone bad
removes an unreachable route from the routing table after the flush timer expires
* limits the period of time or number of hops a packet can traverse through the network
before it should be discarded
used to mark the route as unreachable in a routing update that is sent to other routers
32. Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator is testing network connectivity by
issuing the tracert command from host A to host B. Given the exhibited output on host
A, what are two possible routing table issues on the network? (Choose two.)
Router1 is missing a route to the 172.16.0.0 network

*Router2 is missing a route to the 172.16.0.0 network
* Router3 is missing a route to the 10.0.0.0 network
33. Refer to the exhibit. Which statement is true concerning the routing configuration?
Using dynamic routing instead of static routing would have required fewer configuration
steps.
The 10.1.1.0/24 and 10.1.2.0/24 routes have adjacent boudaries and should be
summarized.
The static route will not work correctly.
* Packets routed to the R2 ethernet interface require two routing table lookups.
34. Refer to the exhibit. Pings are failing between HostA and HostB. The network
administrator discovers that Router1 does not have a route to the 172.16.0.0 network.
Assuming Router2 is configured correctly, which two static routes could be configured
on Router1 to enable Host A to reach network 172.16.0.0? (Choose two.)
ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 S0/0
ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 S0/1
ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.0.1
* ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.0.2
ip route 192.168.0.1 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 S0/0
* ip route 192.168.0.1 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 S0/1
35. A router has learned about a network through static and dynamic routing processes.
Which route will be used to reach network 192.168.168.0?
D 192.168.168.0/24 [90/2195456] via 192.168.200.1, 00:00:09, Ethernet0

O 192.168.168.0/24 [110/1012] via 192.168.200.1, 00:00:22, Ethernet0
R 192.168.168.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.200.1, 00:00:17, Ethernet0
* S 192.168.168.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.200.1
36. What are three features of CDP? (Choose three.)
tests Layer 2 connectivity

* provides a layer of security
operates a OSI layers 2 and 3
enabled by default on each interface
* used for debugging Layer 4 connectivity issues
* provides information on directly connected devices that have CDP enabled
37. Refer to the exhibit. When troubleshooting a network, it is important to interpret the
output of various router commands. On the basis of the exhibit, which three statements
are true? (Choose three.)
* The missing information for Blank 1 is the command show ip route.

The missing information for Blank 1 is the command debug ip route.
The missing information for Blank 2 is the number 100.
* The missing information for Blank 2 is the number 120.
The missing information for Blank 3 is the letter R.
* The missing information for Blank 3 is the letter C.
38. Which of the following could describe the devices labeled “?” in the graphic?
(Choose three.)
* DCE
* CSU/DSU
LAN switch
* modem
hub
39. Refer to the exhibit. Which three statements are true of the routing table for
Router1? (Choose three.)
The route to network 172.16.0.0 has an AD of 156160.

Network 192.168.0.16 can best be reached using FastEthernet0/0.
* The AD of EIGRP routes has been manually changed to a value other than the default
value.
* Router1 is running both the EIGRP and OSPF routing process.
Network 172.17.0.0 can only be reached using a default route.
* No default route has been configured.
40. Refer to the exhibit. The ORL router is unable to form a neighbor relationship with
the JAX router. What is a possible cause of this problem?
Router JAX has the wrong autonomous-system number.

* The command network 192.168.2.0 is missing from the EIGRP configuration on the
JAX router.
Automatic summarization is not disabled on the JAX router.
Router JAX has the wrong IP address on the Fa0/1 interface.
41. Refer to the exhibit. Routers 1 and 2 are directly connected over a serial link. Pings
are failing between the two routers. What change by the administrator will correct the
problem?
Set the encapsulation on both routers to PPP.

Decrease the bandwidth on Serial 0/1/0 on router 2 to 1544.
Change the cable that connects the routers to a crossover cable.
* Change the IP address on Serial 0/1/0 on router 2 to 192.168.0.1/30.
42. The Suffolk router is directly connected to the networks shown in the graphic and
has a default route that points to the Richmond router. All interfaces are active and
properly addressed. However, when the workstation on network 172.29.5.0/24 sends a
packet to destination address 172.29.198.5, it is discarded by the Suffolk router. What
can be a reason for this result?
The ip classless command is not enabled on the Richmond router.

The route was ignored if the Richmond router did not include the 172.29.198.0/24
network in its routing updates.
The Richmond router is in a different autonomous system than the Suffolk router.
The ip subnet-zero command was not configured on the Suffolk router.
* The ip classless command is not enabled on the Suffolk router.
43. When presented with multiple valid routes to a destination, what criteria does a
router use to determine which routes to add to the routing table?
The router selects the routes with the best metric. All routes that have the same best
metric are added to the routing table.
The router first selects routes with the lowest administrative distance. The resulting
routes are then prioritized by metric and the routes with the best metric are added to
the routing table.
* The router selects the routes with the lowest administrative distance. All routes with
the same lowest administrative distance are added to the routing table.
The router installs all routes in the routing table but uses the route with the best metric
most when load balancing.
44. Refer to the exhibit. What are the effects of the exhibited commands on the router?
All passwords are encrypted.

Only Telnet sessions are encrypted.
Only the enable password is encrypted.
* Only the enable password and Telnet session are encrypted.
Enable and console passwords are encrypted.
45. Refer to the exhibit. The routers in the exhibit are running the EIGRP routing
protocol. What statement is true regarding how packets will travel from the
172.16.1.0/16 network to the 192.168.200.0/24 network?
The router chooses the first path that it learned and installs only that route in the
routing table.
The router chooses the path with the lowest administrative distance and installs only
that route in the routing table.
The router chooses the highest routing ID based on the advertised network IP
addresses and installs only that route in the routing table.
The router installs all the equal cost paths in the routing table but sends packets out
only one, holding the others in reserve in case the primary route goes down.
* The router installs all the equal cost paths in the routing table and performs equal cost
load balancing to send packets out multiple exit interfaces.
46. When the show cdp neighbors command is issued from Router C, which devices will
be displayed in the output?
D, SWH-2
A, B, D
SWH-1, SWH-2
* B, D
SWH-1, A, B
A, B, D, SWH-1, SWH-2
47. Refer to the exhibit. Packets destined to which two networks will require the router
to perform a recursive lookup? (Choose two.)
* 10.0.0.0/8
64.100.0.0/16
128.107.0.0/16
172.16.40.0/24
192.168.1.0/24
* 192.168.2.0/24
48. Refer to the exhibit. Which path will traffic from the 172.16.1.0/24 network take to
get to the 10.0.0.0/24 network?
ADC
ABC
It will load balance the traffic between ADC and ABC
* It will send the traffic via ABC, and will use ADC as a backup path only when ABC
fails.
49. Refer to exhibit. A company network engineer enters the following commands in the
routers:
R1(config)# ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.2
R2(config)# ip route 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1
When the engineer enters the show ip route command on R1, the routing table does not
display the static route to the 10.1.1.0 network. All R1 and R2 interfaces are correctly
addressed per the graphic. What is a logical next step that the engineer could take in
order to make the static route display in the routing table in R1?
Enter default routes in R1 and R2.
* Enable the R1 and R2 serial interfaces.
Configure the static route to use an exit interface instead of a next-hop address.
Enter the copy run start command to force the router to recognize the configuration.
50. Refer to the exhibit. A packet enters Router1 with a destination IP of

172.16.28.121. Which routing table entry will be used to forward this packet to the
destination address?
172.16.0.0/16 [1/0] via 192.168.0.1

* 172.16.0.0/20 [1/0] via 192.168.0.9
172.16.16.0/20 [1/0] via 192.168.0.17
0.0.0.0/0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1
51. Refer to the exhibit. A new PC was deployed in the Sales network. It was given the
host address of 192.168.10.31 with a default gateway of 192.168.10.17. The PC is not
communicating with the network properly. What is the cause?
The address is in the wrong subnet.

* 192.168.10.31 is the broadcast address for this subnet.
The default gateway is incorrect.
The host address and default gateway are swapped.
52. Refer to the routing table shown in the exhibit. What is the meaning of the
highlighted value 192?
It is the value assigned by the Dijkstra algorithm that designates the number of hops in
the network.
It is the value used by the DUAL algorithm to determine the bandwidth for the link.
* It is the metric, which is cost.
It is the administrative distance.
53. Using default settings, what is the next step in the router boot sequence after the
IOS loads from flash?
Perform the POST routine.

Search for a backup IOS in ROM.
Load the bootstrap program from ROM.
Load the running-config file from RAM.
* Locate and load the startup-config file from NVRAM.
54. Refer to the exhibit. All routers in the network are running RIPv2 and EIGRP with
default routing protocol settings and have interfaces configured with the bandwidths
that are shown in the exhibit. Which protocol will be used and how will traffic between
the Router1 LAN and Router5 LAN be routed through the network?
RIPv2 will load balance across both paths between Router1 and Router5.
EIGRP will load balance across both paths between Router1 and Router5.
RIPv2 traffic will use the path Router1, Router2, Router5 because it has the least hops.
* EIGRP traffic will use the path Router1, Router3, Router4, Router5 because it has the
best metric.
55. Which three statements are true of holddown timers? (Choose three.)
* used by link state routing protocols to prevent routing loops

prevent update messages from reinstating a route that may have gone bad
allow routers to still forward packets to destination networks that are in holddown
* limit the number of hops a packet can traverse through the network before it is
discarded
* prevent a router advertising a network through the same interface from which the
network was learned
permit lower metric updates received from any neighboring router to reinstate the route
to a possibly down network
56. The network administrator configures the router with the ip route 172.16.1.0
255.255.255.0 172.16.2.2 command. How will this route appear in the routing table?
C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0

S 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0
C 172.16.1.0 [1/0] via 172.16.2.2
* S 172.16.1.0 [1/0] via 172.16.2.2
57. Which two router component and operation pair are correctly described? (Choose
two.)
DRAM - loads the bootstrap

RAM - stores the operating system
Flash - executes diagnostics at bootup
* NVRAM - stores the configuration file
ROM - stores the backup configuration file
* POST - runs diagnostics on hardware modules
58. Refer to exhibit. Given the topology shown in the exhibit, what three commands are
needed to configure EIGRP on the Paris router? (Choose three.)
* Paris(config)# router eigrp 100

Paris(config)# router eigrp
Paris(config-router)# network 192.168.6.0
* Paris(config-router)# network 192.168.7.0
* Paris(config-router)# network 192.168.8.0
Paris(config-router)# network 192.168.9.0

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CCNA Exploration 4.0: (II) Routing Protocols and

Chapter 1: Introduction to Routing and Packet Forwarding

The destination networks do not exist.

This router only has two interfaces.

8. Which are functions of a router? (Choose three.)

The passwords are encrypted.

source IP address: 192.168.10.129

13. What is the outcome of entering these commands?

R1(config)# line vty 0 4

ensures that a password is entered before entering user EXEC mode

* load bootstrap, load IOS, apply configuration

* the last restart method

Router1# copy running-config flash

NVRAM, FLASH, ROM

only the Layer 2 source address

Chapter 2: Static Routing

administrative distance of 0 and metric of 0

2 What address can be used to summarize networks 172.16.1.0/24, 172.16.2.0/24,

192.1.1.0/26 and 192.1.1.64/27

6 A network administrator enters the following command into Router1: ip route

The rate would be negotiated by both routers.

* WinterPark(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.146.1

9 Hosts on two separate subnets cannot communicate. The network administrator

R1(config)# ip route 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1

* A(config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 s 0/1/0

A(config)# no network 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 172.16.40.2

* The route is removed from the table.

* The destination network no longer exists.

16 Why is it advisable to enter a next-hop IP address when creating a static route

Serial0/1 is up, line protocol is down.

ip route 192.168.0.0 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0

the serial port of the router

CDP running on Router D will gather information about routers A, B, C, and E.

21 Which two statements describe functions or characteristics of CDP? (Choose two.)

Interface speed and duplex

Chapter 3: Introduction to Dynamic Routing Protocols

* Administrative distance refers to the trustworthiness of a particular route.

* sends subnet mask information in routing updates

5. Which statement is true regarding routing protocols?

the network requires a special hierarchical design

7. What is the purpose of a routing protocol?

It is used to build and maintain ARP tables.

They use hop count as their only metric.

9. Which of the following is associated with link-state routing protocols?

low processor overhead

RIP uses bandwidth as a metric.

14. The following line of code is displayed in a routing table:

R 209.165.201.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.252.2, 00:00:16, S0/0/0

What can be concluded from this output?

15. What will be the result of the following commands?

ORL(config)# interface fastethernet 0/0

* The administrative distance of this route is 1.

Router1 will have 6 directly connected networks.

18 The following line of code is present in the routing table:

O 10.16.1.0/27 [110/129] via 192.168.1.5, 00:00:05, Serial0/0/1

What does the number 129 indicate in this output?

* The cost for this link has a value of 129.

Chapter 4: Distance Vector Routing Protocols

1 What is a routing loop?