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Brief Linux Presentation: July 10th, 2006

This document summarizes the history and key features of Linux. It describes how Linux originated from earlier systems like MULTICS and UNIX and was developed through collaborations between researchers. It then provides an overview of Linux components like the kernel, GNU tools, and popular distributions. The rest of the document outlines commands for common Linux tasks like file management, running programs, and system monitoring. It concludes by acknowledging people who contributed to Linux development.

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85 views34 pages

Brief Linux Presentation: July 10th, 2006

This document summarizes the history and key features of Linux. It describes how Linux originated from earlier systems like MULTICS and UNIX and was developed through collaborations between researchers. It then provides an overview of Linux components like the kernel, GNU tools, and popular distributions. The rest of the document outlines commands for common Linux tasks like file management, running programs, and system monitoring. It concludes by acknowledging people who contributed to Linux development.

Uploaded by

ijagdishrai
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Brief Linux Presentation

July 10th, 2006


Elan Borenstein

History
1965 - Bell Labs (AT&T), GE and MIT Project to develop a new (multiuser, multitasking) operating system - MULTICS. (not successful)

History
1965 - Bell Labs (AT&T), GE and MIT Project to develop a new (multiuser, multitasking) operating system - MULTICS. (not successful) 1969 - Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie implemented the first UNIX system for the PDP-7.

History
1965 - Bell Labs (AT&T), GE and MIT Project to develop a new (multiuser, multitasking) operating system - MULTICS. (not successful) 1969 - Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie implemented the first UNIX system for the PDP-7. 1973 - The UNIX system was rewritten in the C programming language.

History
1965 - Bell Labs (AT&T), GE and MIT Project to develop a new (multiuser, multitasking) operating system - MULTICS. (not successful) 1969 - Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie implemented the first UNIX system for the PDP-7. 1973 - The UNIX system was rewritten in the C programming language. 1982 - University of California, Berkeley (UCB) Developed BSD UNIX because new commercial UNIX releases no longer included the source code.

History (continued)
1984 - Richard Stallman started the GNU project to create a free operating system.
By 1991 they created a lot of the tools but no kernel.

History (continued)
1984 - Richard Stallman started the GNU project to create a free operating system.
By 1991 they created a lot of the tools but no kernel.

Professor Andrew Tanenbaum wrote the operating system MINIX from scratch to teach his students the inner workings of a real operating system.

History (continued)
1984 - Richard Stallman started the GNU project to create a free operating system.
By 1991 they created a lot of the tools but no kernel.

Professor Andrew Tanenbaum wrote the operating system MINIX from scratch to teach his students the inner workings of a real operating system. Apr 1991 - At age 21, Linus Torvalds starts working on a new operating system inspired by MINIX. September 1991 - Linux version 0.01 is released.

Overview
-GNU/Linux Linux Kernel GNU tools

Overview
-GNU/Linux Linux Kernel GNU tools -Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) Gnome KDE

Overview
-GNU/Linux Linux Kernel GNU tools -Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) Gnome KDE -Distributions Debian Mandrake Red Hat Ubuntu

Logging In and Out


-Need account on machine(s) you want to log in to: username and password -Local Login -Remote Login ssh [-X] username@machineAddress -Opening a Terminal (command line prompt) -Exiting and Logging Out exit

The Unix Filesystem

Common Commands
pwd - shows the current directory

Common Commands
pwd - shows the current directory cd - changes directory
/ -absolute path ./ -relative path ../ - directory one level up Tab Completion!

Common Commands
pwd - shows the current directory cd - changes directory
/ -absolute path ./ -relative path ../ - directory one level up Tab Completion!

ls - lists files [-al]


permissions: d|rwx|rwx|rwx

Common Commands
pwd - shows the current directory cd - changes directory
/ -absolute path ./ -relative path ../ - directory one level up Tab Completion!

ls - lists files [-al]


permissions: d|rwx|rwx|rwx

man - manual (help)

Common Commands
pwd - shows the current directory cd - changes directory
/ -absolute path ./ -relative path ../ - directory one level up Tab Completion!

ls - lists files [-al]


permissions: d|rwx|rwx|rwx

man - manual (help) emacs, gedit, vim ,pico ,... - file editors

Common Commands
pwd - shows the current directory cd - changes directory
/ -absolute path ./ -relative path ../ - directory one level up Tab Completion!

ls - lists files [-al]


permissions: d|rwx|rwx|rwx

man - manual (help) emacs, gedit, vim ,pico ,... - file editors less, more, cat, tail - examines files

More Common Commands


mkdir - makes directory

More Common Commands


mkdir - makes directory rmdir - removes directory

More Common Commands


mkdir - makes directory rmdir - removes directory cp - copies

More Common Commands


mkdir - makes directory rmdir - removes directory cp - copies mv - moves

More Common Commands


mkdir - makes directory rmdir - removes directory cp - copies mv - moves rm - removes [-r]

More Common Commands


mkdir - makes directory rmdir - removes directory cp - copies mv - moves rm - removes [-r] lpr -Pprintername filename - prints file on selected printer
hp4si hp5si

Even More Common Commands


command

& - runs command in background

Even More Common Commands


& - runs command in background | - (pipe) links commands together (right side runs on output of left side)
command

Even More Common Commands


& - runs command in background | - (pipe) links commands together (right side runs on output of left side) grep - finds matching expressions
command

selections * - any number of characters ? - one character

Even More Common Commands


& - runs command in background | - (pipe) links commands together (right side runs on output of left side) grep - finds matching expressions
command

selections * - any number of characters ? - one character

up arrow - previous commands

Finding and Killing Processes


ps - shows running processes [-aux]

Finding and Killing Processes


ps - shows running processes [-aux] kill - kills a process [-9]

Finding and Killing Processes


ps - shows running processes [-aux] kill - kills a process [-9] find - finds files whose name matches pattern [-name]

GNOME
-Terminal -Multiple Desktops -Places -Applications Firefox Web Browser Open Office Maple (maple or xmaple -cw) Matlab (matlab) Ansys (launcher90 -runae fontsize 18) Nessus (NESSUS) -Quick Launcher

Acknowledgments
Yuriy Gulak Haym Benaroya

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