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    AVR's

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    Marco Antonio Salomon
    The document summarizes how an automatic voltage regulator (AVR) works to maintain constant voltage output from an AC generator. The AVR uses a potential transformer and current transformer to detect voltage and current. It contains a full-wave rectifier, capacitor, carbon pile resistance, and operating coil to control the generator's field excitation. The AVR also has resistors to trim the voltage during operation and synchronize the generator. Modern AVRs use a Zener diode bridge and silicon-controlled rectifier to regulate voltage by varying the field excitation current based on voltage differences detected in the bridge.

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    AVR's

    Uploaded by

    Marco Antonio Salomon
    24 views3 pages
    The document summarizes how an automatic voltage regulator (AVR) works to maintain constant voltage output from an AC generator. The AVR uses a potential transformer and current transformer to detect voltage and current. It contains a full-wave rectifier, capacitor, carbon pile resistance, and operating coil to control the generator's field excitation. The AVR also has resistors to trim the voltage during operation and synchronize the generator. Modern AVRs use a Zener diode bridge and silicon-controlled rectifier to regulate voltage by varying the field excitation current based on voltage differences detected in the bridge.

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    The document summarizes how an automatic voltage regulator (AVR) works to maintain constant voltage output from an AC generator. The AVR uses a potential transformer and current transformer to detect voltage and current. It contains a full-wave rectifier, capacitor, carbon pile resistance, and operating coil to control the generator's field excitation. The AVR also has resistors to trim the voltage during operation and synchronize the generator. Modern AVRs use a Zener diode bridge and silicon-controlled rectifier to regulate voltage by varying the field excitation current based on voltage differences detected in the bridge.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    24 views3 pages

    AVR's

    Uploaded by

    Marco Antonio Salomon
    The document summarizes how an automatic voltage regulator (AVR) works to maintain constant voltage output from an AC generator. The AVR uses a potential transformer and current transformer to detect voltage and current. It contains a full-wave rectifier, capacitor, carbon pile resistance, and operating coil to control the generator's field excitation. The AVR also has resistors to trim the voltage during operation and synchronize the generator. Modern AVRs use a Zener diode bridge and silicon-controlled rectifier to regulate voltage by varying the field excitation current based on voltage differences detected in the bridge.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    AVR's

    R1-Sets
    volts value
    R2-Trimming resistor (Power factor correction)
    R3-Trimmer
    Carbon pile-Control resistance for AVR
    Operating coil-Along with carbon pile form the controlling elements
    CCT and PT-Are the detecting elements, the CCT acts as a feed forward device
    indicating future voltage changes by detecting variation in current flow
    Stabilising element-Is the capacitor across the Exciter (may be replaced by a
    resistor)

    The A.C. voltage is applied to the operating coil through a full wave
    rectifier. This A.C. voltage supply induced in the potential transformer and the
    circulating current transformer may vary under varying load conditions such as direct
    on line starting of relatively large motors. The capacitor connected across the coil
    smoothes the D.C. output from the rectifier.

    If the A.C. applied voltage falls, the field of the solenoid weakens, and
    the resistance of the carbon pile decreases. With less exciter circuit resistance the
    current in the exciter field increases thus increasing the output voltage of the A.C.
    generator.

    The automatic voltage regulator voltage output may be adjusted with the
    hand regulator R1 in the exciter field. Before synchronizing the alternator the open
    circuit voltage is adjusted with the hand regulator R1.
    After synchronizing, and after the kW loading has been adjusted on the
    prime mover governor, the field excitation under steady load conditions may be
    adjusted using the Trimming resistor R2. Using the trimming resistor the power
    factor of the incoming machine will be equalized with the machines already in use.

    If the load power factor now changes then the terminal voltage will
    regulate badly, e.g. a rise from 0.8 to Unity Power factor will cause a rise in terminal
    voltage of about 20 %. So a small Voltage Trimmer R3 is provided across each
    current transformer to adjust terminal voltage when there is a change in overall
    power factor

    Modern A.V.R. (Zener Bridge)

    Voltage across the Zener diodes remains almost constant independent of


    current variations. Smoothed D.C. output is applied to the voltage reference bridge.
    This bridge is balanced at the correct generator voltage output with no potential
    difference between 'A' and 'B'.

    If the generator voltage fails, current through the bridge arms falls and
    current flows from 'A' to 'B' through the amplifier.

    If the generator voltage falls, current through the bridge arms falls and
    current flows from 'B' to 'A' through the amplifier.

    If the generator voltage rises, Current through the bridge arms rises with
    current flow from 'A' to 'B' through the amplifier.

    The signal from the amplifier will automatically vary the field excitation
    current, usually through a silicon controlled rectifier ( Thyristor ) control element.
    The Silicon Controlled Rectifier (Thyristor) is a four layer, three terminal,
    solid state device with the ability to block the flow of current, even when forward
    biased, until the gate signal is applied. This gate signal could come from a Zener
    diode Voltage reference bridge. The gate signal will switch on the forward biased
    S.C.R. and current flows through the exciter field. When reverse biased the S.C.R.
    will again block current flow. Due to inductance of the field winding the S.C.R. would
    continue to pass current for a part of the negative cycle. By fitting a 'free wheeling'
    diode the current though the Thyristor falls quickly at the end of the positive cycle.
    In some circuits the excitation current is designed to be excess of requirements, so
    that the gate signal reduces flow.

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