Experiment 4: Mechanical Properties of Metals

Name: Date Performed:

Barraquio, Raniel Angelo
Jatillana, Jilsen Lai
Susano, Lenard Angelo
Castro, Llugene Jericko
Oña, Mark Anthony
Course/Section: BSME C36 Date Submitted:

Group No: Group 3 Instructor: Prof. Chester Kenneth Andra

REPORT SHEET

Experiment 4
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF METALS

RESULTS AND INTERPRETATIONS

Table 4.1 Different points in the stress-strain graphs and the calculated modulus of elasticity of some materials.
Limit of Elastic Upper Yield Lower Yield *0.2% (0.002 strain) Ultimate Fracture Modulus of
Material Proportionality Limit Stress Stress Offset Yield Stress Stress Stress Elasticity
(MPa) (MPa) (MPa) (MPa) (MPa) (MPa) (MPa) (MPa)

Titanium 568 N/A N/A 703 1000.3 454.8 94 909

447.3
Tempered
1096.8 1256.7 N/A N/A 1390.4 1656.6 1628.4 202 667
Steel
Carbon
215.4 230.5 240.6 228.9 240 237.6 253 197 750
Steel
 114.9
Cast Iron 168 N/A N/A 415.5 415.5 415.5 177 000
* If upper and lower yield points are not well-defined, determine the 0.2% offset stress.

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Experiment 4: Mechanical Properties of Metals

CALCULATIONS:

QUESTIONS
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Experiment 4: Mechanical Properties of Metals

1. Compare the mechanical properties of the materials tested. Briefly discuss the reason
behind the observations.

Titanium is solid, radiant, erosion safe. Unadulterated titanium isn't dissolvable in water
however is solvent in concentrated acids. This metal structures a detached however
defensive oxide covering (prompting erosion obstruction) when presented to raised
temperatures in air yet at room temperatures it opposes discoloring.

Tempered Steel is to give it the right material properties for its application. These can be:
Reducing hardness while expanding sturdiness (an extreme material opposes chipping on sway,
where a hard material opposes indenting and will crack prior to bowing)

Carbon steel properties are Ductility, Hardness, High yield strength. and toughness

Cast Iron is a metal bearing high strength in compression but weak in tension. It is hard and
brittle.

2. Which among the tested materials is the stiffest? Briefly explain.

Tempered steel, it needs a lot of stress before it starts bending, because tempering is
used to improve toughness in steel that has been through hardened by heating it.

3. Differentiate between yield point and yield strength on a stress-strain curve. Which
gives the more accurate indication of a material`s fitness for a particular tensile
application?

The yield point is the point on a stress-strain curve that indicates the limit of elastic
behavior and the beginning plastic behavior. Yield strength or yield stress is the material
property defined as the stress at which a material begins to deform plastically whereas
yield point is the point where nonlinear (elastic + plastic) deformation begins. Prior to
the yield point, the material will deform elastically and will return to its original shape
when the applied stress is removed. Once the yield point is passed, some fraction of the
deformation will be permanent and non-reversible. Some steels and other materials

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Experiment 4: Mechanical Properties of Metals

exhibit a behaviour termed a yield point phenomenon. Yield strengths vary from 35 MPa
for a low-strength aluminum to greater than 1400 MPa for very high-strength steels.

In many situations, the yield strength is used to identify the allowable stress to which a
material can be subjected. For components that have to withstand high pressures, such
as those used in pressurized water reactors (PWRs), this criterion is not adequate. To
cover these situations, the maximum shear stress theory of failure has been
incorporated into the ASME (The American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code, Section III, Rules for Construction of Nuclear Pressure Vessels.
This theory states that failure of a piping component occurs when the maximum shear
stress exceeds the shear stress at the yield point in a tensile test.

4. Distinguish between the proportional limit and the elastic limit for each material. Which
is the more important indicator of a material’s mechanical behaviour.
Elastic limit, it is defined as the point up to which the material remain elastic, and
Proportional limit, it is defined as the point up to which the stress and the strain are
directly proportional,Elastic limit is more important, you can measure the maximum
stress that a material can withstand before permanent deformation.

5. Differentiate brittle and ductile materials in terms of degree of plastic deformation.

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6. What is effect of temperature on yield and tensile strengths, and ductility?

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Experiment 4: Mechanical Properties of Metals

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REFERENCES (cite the references that you used)

Callister, W. D. & Rethwisch, D. G. (2016). Fundamentals of materials science and engineering: An

integrated approach (5th ed.). Wiley Global Education, USA.

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