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2FreeFall Impulse

1. The document discusses concepts related to kinematics including free fall, projectile motion, forces, Newton's laws of motion, momentum, and impulse. 2. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculations for free fall problems, projectile motion, forces, and conservation of momentum. 3. Key concepts explained include equations for free fall, projectile motion, Newton's laws of motion, momentum, impulse, and the law of conservation of momentum.

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Kyle Denster Alvarez
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43 views7 pages

2FreeFall Impulse

1. The document discusses concepts related to kinematics including free fall, projectile motion, forces, Newton's laws of motion, momentum, and impulse. 2. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculations for free fall problems, projectile motion, forces, and conservation of momentum. 3. Key concepts explained include equations for free fall, projectile motion, Newton's laws of motion, momentum, impulse, and the law of conservation of momentum.

Uploaded by

Kyle Denster Alvarez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Free Fall

1. 𝑣2 = 𝑣1 + 𝑔𝑡
1 2
2. 𝑑 = 𝑣1𝑡 + 2
𝑔𝑡
2
3. 𝑣2 = 𝑣1 + 2𝑔𝑑

3 Cases of Free Fall


1. Thrown upward
2. Thrown downward
3. Dropped

Examples
1. Vincent drops a stone from a bridge 25 m above the water. With what velocity does
it hit the water?

Given: 𝑑 = 25 𝑚
𝑣1 = 0
2
𝑔 =− 9. 8 𝑚/𝑠

Unknown: 𝑣2 =?

2
Solution: 𝑣2 = 𝑣1 + 2𝑔𝑑
2 2
= (0) + 2(− 9. 8 𝑚/𝑠 )(− 25 𝑚)
2 2
= 0 + 2(245 𝑚 /𝑠 )
2 2
= 0 + 490 𝑚 /𝑠
= 22. 14 𝑚/𝑠

2. A tightly packed relief good is dropped by a hovering helicopter. How far will the
pack fall in 2 sec?

Given: 𝑣1 = 0
𝑡 = 2 𝑠𝑒𝑐
2
𝑔 =− 9. 8 𝑚/𝑠

Unknown: 𝑑 =?

1 2
Solution: 𝑑 = 𝑣1𝑡 + 2
𝑔𝑡
1 2 2
= (0)(2 𝑠𝑒𝑐) + 2
(− 9. 8 𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐 )(2 𝑠𝑒𝑐)
1 2 2
=0+ 2
(− 9. 8 𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐 )(4 𝑠𝑒𝑐 )
1
=0+ 2
(− 39. 2 𝑚)
= 0 + (− 19. 6 𝑚) =− 19. 6 𝑚

PROJECTILE MOTION

Examples
1. Given: 𝑣1𝑥 = 30 𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑑𝑦 =− 3 𝑚
𝑣1𝑦 = 0

Unknown: 𝑑𝑥 =?; 𝑡 =?
1 2
Solution: 𝑑𝑦 = 2
𝑔𝑡
2
2𝑑𝑦 = 𝑔𝑡
2 2𝑑𝑦 2(−3 𝑚) −6 𝑚 2
𝑡 = 𝑔
= 2 = 2 = 0. 61 𝑠𝑒𝑐
−9.8 𝑚/𝑠 −9.8 𝑚/𝑠
2
𝑡= 0. 61 𝑠𝑒𝑐 = 0. 78 𝑠𝑒𝑐

𝑑𝑥 = 𝑣𝑥𝑡
= (30 𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐)(0. 78 𝑠𝑒𝑐) = 23. 4 𝑚

FORCE

2. Electromagnetic Force
3. Strong Nuclear Force
4. Weak Nuclear Force

Newton’s First Law: Law of Inertia


A body at rest will remain at rest and a body in motion will remain in motion and will
continue to move
INERTIA - property of a body that tends to resist change in its state of motion

Newton’s Second Law: Law of Acceleration

Examples:
1. A 2.0 kg object is moving at 20 m/s starting from rest in 5.0 s. What is the
magnitude of the net force acting on the object?

Given: 𝑚 = 2. 0 𝑘𝑔 Unknown: 𝐹 =?
𝑣1 = 0 𝑣2 = 20 𝑚/𝑠
𝑡 = 5. 0 𝑠
𝑣2−𝑣1
Solution: 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎 = 𝑚( 𝑡
)

20 𝑚/𝑠−0
= (2. 0 𝑘𝑔)( 5.0 𝑠
)

2 2
= (2. 0 𝑘𝑔)(4 𝑚/𝑠 ) = 8 𝑘𝑔 𝑚/𝑠 or 8 N

2. A 0.050 kg tennis ball approaches a racket at 25 m/s. It is in contact with the racket’s
strings for 0.005 sec, then rebounds at 25 m/s. What is the average force the racket
exerts in the ball?

Given: m = 0.05 kg
𝑣1 = 25 𝑚/𝑠
𝑡 = 0. 005 𝑠
𝑣2 =− 25 𝑚/𝑠

Unknown: 𝐹 =?

𝑣2−𝑣1
Solution: 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎 = 𝑚( 𝑡
)
−25 𝑚/𝑠−25 𝑚/𝑠
= (0. 05 𝑘𝑔)( 0.005 𝑠
)
2
= (0. 05 𝑘𝑔)(− 10 000 𝑚/𝑠 )
2
=− 500 𝑘𝑔 𝑚/𝑠 =− 500 𝑁

Newton’s Third Law: Law of Interaction


For every action, there is an equal but opposite reaction
- Action and reaction forces are equal in magnitude but oppositely directed
- Forces always come in pairs, that is an action and reaction

Equilibrium (State of balance)


- Static
- Dynamic

Forces in Equilibrium
- Center of gravity
- Point where the weight of an object is concentrated
- CG of objects: Regular/Irregular

Conditions for State of Equilibrium


a. Stable
b. Unstable
c. Neutral

Momentum and Impulse


Momentum is the product of the mass and velocity

𝑃 = 𝑚𝑣 where 𝑃 = 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚
𝑚 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝑣 = 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦

UNIT: 𝑘𝑔 𝑚/𝑠 or 𝑔 𝑐𝑚/𝑠

Impulse is the product of the force and time interval on which the force acts on an object. It
is also a change in momentum

𝐼 = 𝐹𝑡 where 𝐼 = 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒
𝐹 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒
𝑡 = 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

UNIT: 𝑘𝑔 𝑚/𝑠 or 𝑁 𝑠𝑒𝑐


𝑔 𝑐𝑚/𝑠 or 𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐

𝐼 = 𝐹𝑡; 𝐹𝑡 = 𝑚𝑣2 − 𝑚𝑣1


= 𝑃2 − 𝑃1
= 𝑚𝑣2 − 𝑚𝑣1

𝐼=𝑃
𝐹𝑡 = 𝑚𝑣

Collision
- Elastic - “separate”
- Inelastic - “stick together”

Law of Conservation of Momentum


𝑚1𝑣1 + 𝑚2𝑣2 = 𝑚1𝑣1' + 𝑚2𝑣2'

Example:
- A 0.2 kg ball moves to the right with a speed of 3 m/s. It hits a 0.5 kg ball which is at
rest. After the collision, the second ball moves to the right with a speed of 1 m/s.
What is the speed of the first ball after collision?

Given: 𝑚1 = 0. 2 𝑘𝑔 𝑚2 = 0. 5 𝑘𝑔
𝑣1 = 3 𝑚/𝑠 𝑣2 = 0
𝑣1' =? 𝑣2' = 1 𝑚/𝑠

Unknown: 𝑣1' =?

Solution:
𝑚1𝑣1 + 𝑚2𝑣2 = 𝑚1𝑣1' + 𝑚2𝑣2'
(0. 2 𝑘𝑔)(3 𝑚/𝑠) + (0. 5 𝑘𝑔)(0) = (0. 2 𝑘𝑔)𝑣1' + (0. 5 𝑘𝑔)(1 𝑚/𝑠)
0. 6 𝑘𝑔 𝑚/𝑠 + 0 = 0. 2 𝑘𝑔 𝑣1' + 0. 5 𝑘𝑔 𝑚/𝑠
0. 2 𝑘𝑔 𝑣1' = 0. 6 𝑘𝑔 𝑚/𝑠 − 0. 5 𝑘𝑔 𝑚/𝑠
0.6 𝑘𝑔 𝑚/𝑠 − 0.05 𝑘𝑔 𝑚/𝑠
𝑣1' = 0.2 𝑘𝑔
= 0. 5 𝑚/𝑠

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