Photography Sensitized Materials
Photography Sensitized Materials
Photography Sensitized Materials
Materials
Different type of Photographic Films
Kinds of Photographic Paper
The term sensitized
materials refers to FILM
and PHOTOGRAPHIC
PAPER that us basically
composed of emulsion
containing silver halides
suspended in a gelatin and
coated on a transparent o
reflective support.
It carry minute specks of metallic silver – so called sensitivity
specks with amount in mass to about 1/1,000,000,000 part of the
silver halide crystals.
It is a compound silver with fluorine , chlorine , bromine or iodine
crystal.
Electric charge on the specks attract silver ions from the
neighboring silver halides, and as the silver ions accumulate ,
they become metallic silver, causing the speck to grow halide
ions at the same time migrates to the surface of the silver halide
crystal and are absorbed by the gelatin emulsion.
It is a cellulose tape or plate where silver salts are suspended
capable of recording lights.
It is primary function is to record the image that is focused upon
it by the lens of the camera.
12
15
18
DIN (Deutche Industri Normen) rating, 21
which is expressed in logarithmic value
24
system. In this system an increase of 3
27
degrees double the sensitivity of the film.
30
33
EMULSION SPEED INDICATORS
The rule is : the lower the emulsion speed rating of the film , the finer is
the grain and conversely, the higher the emulsion speed rating of film ,
the bigger are the grains. Likewise, a film developer will produce a
finer grain that a paper developer when used for film processing.
The earliest attempt to produce colors films involved hand painting the
negative or tinting it dye. Stencil based techniques such as pathechrome and
the handschiel color process were an extension of this . Several dyes were
rolled over the negative , each with an appropriate stencil underneath to
restrict the dye to the desired parts of the print.
Since transparent dye preserve the varying brightness of the black and white
image, the result could look naturalistic, but in fact the choice of what colors
to use and where was made by a person.
Kinemacolor was the first process to capture natural color on film stock.
A color film is consist of 7 layers
1. emulsion
2. base
3. anti – halation backing
4. yellow filter
5. Subbing layer
6. Ultraviolet absorbing layer
7. Super coat.
1. Emulsion – it is the most fundamental layer of a film. It is the emulsion
layers , adhered to the base by means of binder. The emulsion is the
photographic part of the film, consist of dispersion of light sensitive
materials in colloidal medium, usually gelatin , carried as a thin layers on a
film base. Emulsion is made by dissolving silver bullion in nitric acid to
form silver nitrate crystals.
These crystals are dissolved and mixed with other chemical to form silver
halide grains, and then suspended in the gelatin emulsion coating. The size and
degree of light sensitivity of these grains determines the speed or amount of
light required to registered an image.
In color film , three dye layers register in the various parts of the
color, one on top of the another , for the full color effect in cyan ,
magenta and yellow dyes. In fact, each color may have up to three
layers ( fast, medium , slow) to capture the full range of scene
brightness from the deepest shadows to the brightest highlights and
to provide good exposure latitude.
The three component also optimize the color , contrast, and tonal
reproduction of film. In each emulsion layer , color couplers are
dispersed in tiny oil droplets around silver halide crystals. During
subsequent processing steps , the silver is removed, leaving only
colored dye clouds where films grains used to be.
Three types of color coupler in the emulsion layer.