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MADE EASY 2 0 23
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@| Detailed Explanations of
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Electronics Engineering
Signals and Systems
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MADE EASY Introduction
@ Detalled Explanation
wt
Try Yourself Questions
ee)
f
(a)
So if we use the above formulae we candetermine
option (a),
Peng
(b)
The signal x(t) = u(-t+ 5)—u-t- 4)
at even part ofx(t)is represented as signal given in
a)
= wT
Now we Reed to find y(t) = x(-2¢+ 2)
To find (1) first of all we will ind x(t + 2) Le. left shit signal x(0) by 2, then we will ind x(2¢+ 2) i.e. scaling
the signal x(¢ + 2) by factor of 2 and then we will find x(-2¢+ 2) i.e. time reversal of signal x(2t+ 2)
x02) x(at+2) yt) =xb-2r+2)
I ls a
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(a)
the expression ofa) 's Ml)= Slt 4k)-8(0— 4k
So x(t) is a subtraction of two signals each periodic with period 4, So x(t) is periodic with period 4
The signal is, x(t) = 8etu(t)
Now, energy of signal will be E,= f[Se'Pat=45
o
Berry
E
The signal x(t) is (1)?
We need tofind J x0) 8(¢~ Nat = x(t)
So, x(t) = (4
So answer is ‘0
Persad
(b)
Cosine function is a periodic signal. Asaall periodic signals are power signals, therefore the given signal is.
power signal.
Peary
(c)
Af) = uo) + ut 1) + (t= 2)u(t—2)
Peed
(b)
Output forinput x.(2) is y(t) = (2).
Output for input xy) i yal) = t(0.
2. Output for input ax) + (tis
Hd = ate, (0} + Blt]
HO = ay) + BAD
The given system is linear systom
Delay input by “t,” units, we get output as
elt 1) (1)
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a
Replace t with “t
we get
At~t) = (t= t x(t
As eqn. (1) # (2), the given system is time variant.
(2)
Peery
(c)
x(t+ 5)*8((-7) = x(t+ 5-7)
=x(t-2)
Deed
(c)
IF (u(t is shifted to right side by ¢, then the function can be expressed as t= t).cAt— 1.)
ed
(b)
For-2sts-1
x)= C42
For-1 2
(t+ 1) = (t= 1) + (t= 2)
{+ 24t-2=0
+2; -2
2
So powers = SIP
4
Publ Fourier Transform
@ Detalled Explanation
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Try Yourself Questions
)
The Fourier transform is X(w) = u(w)— u(w— 2), we know that
+ If signal is real then X(o) is conjugate symmetric
+ If signalis imaginary then X(o) is conjugate ant-syrmmetric
‘The given X(o) is nelther conjugate symtmetia nor conjugate ant-symmetric
So x(t) is complex signal.
(a)
1
We know that it ettu() St
and
ead
(c)
Given Foutier transform of e-' u(t) is
‘Pant
1 ' t
Now Fourier transform of +75. will be 8/u(-f) using the cluaity theorem.
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Poway
(a)
5, +21
Fourier transform is G(@) =
y= OF +8
2
So, Go) = 2421 4,2
oP 50 ar 48 | oF +9
‘As we know that Fourier transform of e4'lis
So att) = 8(t) + 2exp(-3)t!)
(d)
Given that the signal is conjugate symmetric, that is.¥(t) = x'(-)
Let x(t) SEs xtoi)
then $s xo)
Since x(Q=8400 = Xo) = (0)
So X() is real
@
Given that x() = 24
ase
2
Since Fr, 78
Fre
then (using duality)
Given that x() = § Sa(2t) (where Sais sampling functions)
Using the definition of sampling function, we get
dsin(nd
x(g = Sinn)
Ont
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The Fourer transform ot x(t) willbe Srect (/4n)
We need to tind J X(w)at
1 F x(wjer
Since, x)= 55 [xe ‘dw
2nx(0) = f X(w)aw
So, J X@)do = 2nx(0)=31.4
oC)
Properties of distortionless system are
* Magnitude should be constant wart. frequency.
* Phase should depend linearly on frequiency.
‘Only function given in option (c) followtthe given conditions.
Deer
(b)
Given A(t) a\cost u(t)
Then system will be causal, uistable and dynamic.
Dera
(a)
The signal x(t) = (2 +e) u(t) then final value i.e. x(c) will be 2.
E
eee
(d)
Differentiation H(s) = s = jo
‘So magnitude vary linearly wert. frequency and has constant phase.
© Copyright MADE EASY womadeeasypublcations.org Laplace Transform
Detalled Explanation
of
Try Yourself Questions
(©)
To determine the Laplace transtorm of e-*cos 21, we Know that
ot thy oS
cos2t ar:
es cogat Et 543)
(s+3)7 +4
Je*eos2ede Lt, _ (8+3)
a s(s+3)’ +4]
a
(a)
We know that.
uy ts 1
5
etu(y Shs
eral s+t
449 ut ef
ot Du(t +1) ea
etu(t+ 1) iss) Re{s}>-1
“\www.madeeasypublications.org MADE ERSY
© Copyright MADE EASY
pes
E
(a)
Given that Laplace transform of f(t)is [
of signal at ¢
Piers
(b)
Given that
E
ery
(d)
Detailed Explanations of Try Yourself Questions : ESE + GATE 2022 11
©. | then the signal is sinusoidal and we cannot find the value
\F+0°)
H(s) = .then
(5-2)
h(t) = (t# €%9 u(t)
Given that signal is right sided and system is causal and stable then poles of the system should be in left
hand side of the imaginary axis, so option (d) is correct,
Doers
(a)
Given,
So value of H(s) at s > isk
kis 40%)
24%)
#4(% s+ 0
Ais) —
and value of H(s) at's 0 is k.
So the filter is a band stop filter-or notch filter.
Deane
© Copyright
AO = (0) #2,(8)
Ms) = X(9).%G8)
y=.
SK, 5+Ke
s+Ky|
oft ett
Ky+ Re
MADE EASY womadeeasypublcations.org 12. | Hecwonics Engineering Signals and systems MADE EASY
(d)
ur a
149 Hs - SAFI]
1 ] (2s+1)
ur. qd
tA) aa @rs¥
Peed
(c)
MADE ERSY
ub Sampling Theorem and
Discrete Time System
@ Detalled Explanation
wt
Try Yourself Questions
So, value of integral is 0.803,
(a)
Given that vin) = 33 x(n- and
km
We know that yn) = SHR x(n)
‘So comparing the above two relation, we get
h(n) = 3° u(n)
Given bandwidth (B) of the fiter is 3 MHz, lower cut-off frequency is 2 MHz.
So upper cut-off frequency (f,) will be 5 MHz
2A,
The sampling trequeney (f,) is $+ (where f,: upper cutoff frequency; k= integer part of f,/B)
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Publications
f
So, fas
° B
=1.66, So,
a = 10MHz
So, 4-3
Poway
The Nyquist rate, NR = 2[(2x3nx10%) + (4x3nx 10°)]
= 86n x 10% radjsec
MADE ERSY
ub Z-Transform
@ Detalled Explanation
wt
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f
ee)
(b)
Let z-transform of x(n) is X(z)
So, x(n) _21_, X(z)
and (3) s(n) 227 oxt2z)
: py dg
hus, (a) x(n) 285 5 X(22)
Peay
(a)
Given that x(n) fg nen zer9 only for finite values of n, thus ROC of X(z) will be entire z-plane.
i
Par
()
Giver that x(0) = 2° u(n) 4" u(-n= 1)
So the ROC wil be (|2|>2)(|z]<4)
Thus, ROC is 2 < |2| <4
ilar
(a)
Given that the system has h(n) = 0 for n< 0 and system is not necessarily stable then H(z) should have
degree of numerator less than degree of denominators.
Oniy (I) and (ill) satisty the required condition,
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Poesy
(a)
Given thatx(n)is right sided and real, X(z) has two poles, two zeros atorigin and one pole at eM, X(1) = 1.
Since x(n) is real so poles of X(z) should be in conjugate pairs so other pole will be at e°*2,
$0 X0)= oe oe
Gree) Ft
Since, Mi=1 so, k=2
So, X(2) = 22— and |z|>1
Pai
(a)
Signal is a" u(n) then the z-transform will be
(b)
. nN
Given x(n) = () un)
and v0)~ Lyne 9 = 0)
So, Yale gyla) 27 = XC)
5 We) = 7 x2) .- a 2 3
: 7
z} ZY[-5 32
So,
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@ Detalled Explanation
of
Ped
Pier
aufn}* a%ufn]* aun] <—>
© Copyright
Try Yourself Questions
Mo} = natn]
= (0, 1,4,9, 16]
Energy of xn) = 3 Ane
30+ 1 16 +81 +256 = 354
xn} =1 > ris 10
=0; |r>10
alms; \rsN
=0; |>N
srf[ne Jo]
Xe) = — Tay
s(5
o> k-wet-2 105
22
aufn]xaryfn] = ult at ul - 4]
MADE EASY wormmadeeasypublications org 1g | Electronics Engineering © Signals and Systems MADE EASY
ee cstione
a®u(n]* aun} *a°uin) = haa uikja?~* ulm)
= Ykepar=
a
(049042) oo
= Shee a un)
He) = "(3 + 4 cosw + 2cos 20]
ao
Group delay = 2°
Pee So
a
Go 2) 2
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