242 International Journal of Culture and Modernity 242

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Poetic Texts Research as an Object of Pragmatics

Hakimov Muhammad Xo‘jaxonovich

Professor at Ferghana State University, Doctor of Philological sciences (DSc)
Nosirova Umidaxon Ikromovna
Associate professor at Fergana regional center for retraining and advanced training of public
educators Doctor of Philosofy in Philologi (PhD)
Ernazarova Laylo Abdusaitovna
1st year Master of Linguistics (Uzbek language) at Fergana State University

ANNOTATION: The article discusses the semiotic approach to language, the emergence of
pragmalinguistics, linguists working in this field and their scientific views, and pragmatic
features of the poetic text.

KEY WORDS: semiotics, semiotic approach, semantics, anthropocentric theory, pragmatics,

pragmatic tasks, pragmalinguistics.

Introductiion
Science, technology and culture, in general, all aspects of society are constantly evolving,
changing and renewing. Language is not only a means of communication, but also a complex
social phenomenon that has been studied and researched for many years. There are internal
and external factors in language development. While the internal factors of language
development are based on the specific development of levels in the language system, external
factors are reflected in linguistic, more precisely extralinguistic phenomena such as language
and society, interlinguistic relations and influences, speech process, assimilation,
stratification. Accordingly, linguistics is divided into two parts: internal linguistics and
external linguistics. While internal linguistics studies the internal structure and system of
language, external linguistics studies the social significance and function of language, that is,
how a person lives in a society, how the speaker uses language, and the impact of language
on society, as well as the same and different language family. examines the interrelationships
of belonging languages, changes that occur as a result of external influences on language.
The main part
A new branch of linguistics, pragmalinguistics, emerged on the basis of a semiotic approach
to language. Pragmatics studies the functional use of linguistic symbols in speech. Therefore,
this branch of linguistics is one of the branches of semiotics. "Pragmatics" is derived from the
Greek word "pragma", meaning "work done, being done, work to be done" and the word
"pragmatico" meaning "capable, hardworking, enterprising" [9, 8]. The history of the
formation of pragmatics is connected with such fields as semiotics, philosophy, logic,
psychology and linguistics. The origin of the term is associated with the pragmatism of
philosophy, and the term was introduced to science by Ch.I. Morris in the 1930s. He divides
semiotics into components such as semantics, syntax, and pragmatics. Just as each science
has its own stage, history, and period of development, so too has the science of linguistics

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gone through certain stages. During this period, linguistics was formed both practically and
theoretically on the basis of differences of opinion and doctrine. Today's linguistics is divided
into extralinguistics, intralinguistics, and comparative linguistics, in which the speaker is
studied. In particular, all human social behavior in the world is reflected, first of all, in his
speech activity. Therefore, the study of human speech provides an opportunity to get
acquainted with the spiritual world. Let's take a look at Utkir Hoshimov's thoughts on
"Mother Tongue" in his book "Inscriptions in the Notebook Frame":
Qancha ko‘p tilni bilsangiz, shuncha yaxshi. Biroq odam ona tilida tafakkur qiladi, ona tilida
tush ko‘radi, ona tilida yig‘laydi…O‘lim oldidan onasini ona tilida yo‘qlaydi.
This text reveals the author's personality and spiritual world. For example, it is good for a
writer to learn other languages, but the language that enters a person's blood and soul is his
mother tongue. The author reveals a person's love for his mother tongue through the simple
facts of life. The speech process, which expresses the social activity of such a person, the
pragmatic study of issues related to the communicative intent of the participants, the impact
of the speech situation.
The development of pragmatics is associated with the names of philosophers such as
Ch.Pierce, U.James, D.Dune, Ch.Morris. Because their work (late nineteenth and early
twentieth centuries) identified theories about the system of signs and linguistic signs, the
basic concepts of semiotics, and pointed out the differences between syntax, semantics, and
pragmatics. The emergence and separation of pragmatics as a new object of study in
linguistics, as noted above, is a speech act based on the ideas of Ch.S.Pierce, as well as the
logical-philosophical views of J.R. Austin, J.R.Serl and Z. Wendler in the 60-70s. , Can be
seen in the pragmatic analysis of meaning by Paula Grays and in the teachings of L. Pinsky,
J.R.Serl, P.F.Stroson as a pragmatic theory of reference [10, 389]. Influenced by the
teachings of the theory of speech act by J.R. Austin, J.R.Serl, and Z.Wendler, certain
foundations were laid for the formation of linguistic pragmatics. Because, in essence, the
concept of a speech act reflects the communicative intention of the speaker. Communicative
intention, on the other hand, manifests itself in speech as manifestations of speech acts.
Speech acts, on the other hand, constitute the content of speech. The speaker's attitude is
shaped by the act of speaking. In this case, the linguistic features of human language, from its
primitive formation to its complex semantic structure, are interpreted as problems of speech
act. Each research interpretation specific to the theory of speech acts takes into account the
speech levels of the speech subject's perceptions of knowing and feeling the world. For
example:
Yomonlarni ehtiyot qiling! Yomon yo‘q bo‘lsa, yaxshining qadri bilinmay qoladi.
(O„tkir Hoshimov. “Yomonlarni asrang”)
In this text, the author forms a pragmatic approach based on the antinomy of bad and good
words. When we all complain about the bad, the author emphasizes that in order to
understand the good, it is necessary to protect the bad, and thus urges the reader to appreciate
the good people. Such expression in poetic texts is an appellate function of language and is
studied in the pragmatic field of linguistics.
In poetic texts, language units appear in different forms, and the poetic features of linguistic
means are expressed in different stylistic colors, creating their own subtle nuances of

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meaning. In a poetic text, the essence of life is expressed in words in a vivid, observable way.
Lexical units serve to express both external and internal changes in the human psyche,
aesthetic-emotional relations. Words and linguistic units, which are artistically colored in the
context and serve for the expression of different meanings, expand the possibilities of
expression of the text, create contrasting situations, serve for the perfection of the plot, form a
pragmatic meaning and imagination. Linguistic pragmatics studies these aspects of poetic
texts.
The basic information on the formation of linguistic pragmatics is widely covered in the
research of ND Arutyunova, YE Paducheva. They point out that in many works on traditional
linguistics, semantics is equated with encyclopedic knowledge, and pragmatics is not
understood at all. Later, the study of semantics aroused interest in pragmatic phenomena. A
number of research works in this field have been created in Uzbek linguistics by
A.Nurmonov, N.Mahmudov, M.Khakimov, M.Gaziyeva, Sh.Safarov and others. The work of
linguist M. Khakimov in this direction is significant. U. Nosirova's research on the pragmatic
features of poetic texts also shows that the field is being studied in detail.
This branch of linguistics, unlike structural linguistics, began to study language and speech
problems in relation to human speech activity. The linguistic expression of the realities of
existence now has its own logical, philosophical and linguistic interpretation. Any poetic text
has a pragmatic status with its own functions, such as attracting attention, arousing interest,
emotional impact, updating the structure of knowledge, reflecting the conceptual worldview.
Based on the above tasks, the speaker expresses his attitude to the world and social life. For
example:
Odam o‘z farzandining yil sayin o‘sib, kamol sari ketayotganini biladi-yu, o‘z ota-onasining
yil sayin cho‘kib zavol sari ketayotganini bilmaydi.
(O„tkir Hoshimov. “Kamol va zavol”)
How bitter the truth is in this text, in which the writer does not criticize or advise the reader,
but influences him through his speech. Any reader who reads the text will analyze himself
and draw conclusions. Yu.M. Lotman in his book “O poetax i poezii. Analysis of poetic text”
[4] emphasizes that the text was created by an individual for a specific purpose and performs
several functions - spiritual, moral, philosophical, political, social. In poetic texts, the author
paints poetically on the formal and semantic construction of linguistic means to express his
inner purpose in speech, creating a holistic, holistic linguistic and pragmatic system that
expresses a particular content. In the formation of this system, the forms of expression of the
word, the units of language are saturated with a poetic spirit, with a poetic dress. Any poetic
text is complete and gives information about an event. This information is reflected in the
system and structure of a particular language through the author's individual approach, a
subjective approach to reality. This means that any poetic text is pragmatic and contains the
information that the author conveys to the reader.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the processing of existing information in the author's mind into a synthesis of
poetic thinking, its manifestation as a product of cognitive knowledge and their pragmatic
study on the basis of anthropocentric principles is important in the development of
pragmatics in modern linguistics.

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