CRICKET

PROJECT
Submitted By :- Anutsek Pathak
Class- X-C
Submitted to :-Mr Amod Sir
 HISTORY OF CRICKET
◦ First cricket match was played in 1709 between the teams of London and Kent. The golden era of Cricket emerged
in 1760, when the first England Cricket Club, namely Hembuldon club, was formed.
◦ In 1787 MCC (Melbourne Cricket Club) was constituted. The first test match was played in 1877 between Australia
and England in Melbourne. Australia won it.
◦ The imperial cricket conference was formed in 1909. It was changed to ICC in 1965. First, a day match was played
on January 5, 1971.
◦ Britishers are credited with introducing Cricket in India. In 1792 (Now Kolkata) Calcutta cricket club was formed.
India played its first test match in 1932 against England.
◦ Cricket World Cup was introduced in the year 1975 in England.
 HISTORY OF CRICKET
◦ Cricket, is England’s national summer sport. It is now played throughout the world, particularly in Australia, India,
Pakistan, the West Indies, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Kenya, Bangladesh, New Zealand and Sri Lanka.
FIELD DESCRIPTION
 DESCRIPTION
◦ Cricket is played with a bat and ball and involves two teams having 11 players. The field is oval with a rectangular
area in the middle, known as the pitch. It is 22 yards (20.12 metres) by 10 feet (3.04 metres) wide.

◦ Two sets of three sticks, called wickets, are set in the ground at each end of the pitch. Across the top of each wicket
lie horizontal pieces called bails.

◦ The sides take turns at batting and bowling (pitching). Each turn is called an “innings”. Sides have one or two innings
each, depending on the prearranged duration of the match. The aim of the game is to score the maximum runs.

◦ The bowlers, delivering the ball with a straight arm, try to hit the wicket with the ball so that the bails fall. This is one
of several ways that the batsman is dismissed, or put out. A bowler delivers six balls at one wicket. Six bowls
delivered by the bowler at one go is called an “over”. A different player from his side bowls six balls to the opposite
wicket. The batting side defends its wicket.
FIELD DESCRIPTION
CRICKET PITCH
 PITCH DESCRIPTION
◦ In the game of cricket, the cricket pitch consists of the central strip of the cricket
field between the wickets. It is 22 yd (20.12 m) long and 10 ft (3.05 m) wide.
◦ The surface is flat and is normally covered with extremely short grass, but can be
completely dry or dusty soil with barely any grass or, in some circumstances (that
are rarely seen in high level cricket), made from an artificial material. Over the
course of a cricket match, the pitch is not repaired or altered
◦ The protected area or danger area is the central portion of the pitch – a rectangle
running down the middle of the pitch, two feet wide, and beginning five feet from
each popping crease. Under the Laws of Cricket, a bowler must avoid running on
this area during his follow-through after delivering the ball.
 DESCRIPTION
◦ During normal play, thirteen players and two umpires are on the field.

◦ Two of the players are batsmen and the rest are all eleven members of the fielding team.

◦ Some players are skilled in both batting and bowling so are termed, all-rounders.

◦ Of the eleven fielders, three are in the shot. The other eight are elsewhere on the field, their positions determined on
a tactical basis by the captain or the bowler.

◦ The captain is often the most experienced player in the team, certainly the most tactically astute, and can possess
any of the main skillsets as a batsman, a bowler or a wicket-keeper. The wicket-keeper and the batsmen wear
protective gear.
 GENERAL RULES
❑ Players:
(i) Cricket is played among two teams and each team has 11 players.
(ii)Match is always started by toss and captain of each team announces the names of players before the
toss.

❑ Extra players:
An extra player can replace the nominated player in a game if the player gets ill or for some other
reasons, but with prior permission of umpire. Umpire may permit extra player to :
(i) If filder is injured,
(ii) If the batsman gets injured,
(iii) If a player leaves the ground to change his shoes or clothing, extra player would not replace that
player.
(iv) Extra player can’t do batting, bowling or wicket keeping.
 CRICKET KIT
1
1. Helmet 7 4
2. Batting gloves 8
3. Batting leg pads
4. Abdomen guard
5. Arm guard
6. Thigh guard
7. Chest guard 5
8. Groin guard
9. Shoes 3
9

2
6
CRICKET KIT INVENTORY
 DISMISSALS
❑ In cricket, a dismissal occurs when a batsman's period of batting is brought to an
end by the opposing team. It is also known as the batsman being out, the batting
side losing a wicket, and the fielding side taking a wicket.

❑ The ball becomes dead (so no further runs can be scored off that delivery), and
the dismissed batsman must leave the field of play permanently for the rest of their
team's innings, and is replaced by a teammate.

❑ A team's innings ends if 10 of the 11 team members are dismissed—as players

bat in pairs, when only one player is not out it is not possible for the team to bat any
longer. This is known as bowling out the batting team, who are said to be all out.

❑ The most common methods of dismissing a batsman are (in descending order of
frequency): caught, bowled, leg before wicket, run out, and stumped. Of these, the
leg before wicket and stumped methods of dismissal can be seen as related to, or
being special cases of, the bowled and run out methods of dismissal respectively.
COMMON METHODS OF DISMISSAL
 BOWLED
❑ If a bowler's legitimate (i.e. not a No-ball) delivery hits the wicket and puts it down,
the striker (the batsman facing the bowler) is out. The ball can either have struck
the stumps directly, or have been deflected off the bat or body of the batsman.
However, the batsman is not Bowled if the ball is touched by any other player or
umpire before hitting the stumps.

❑ Bowled takes precedence over all other methods of dismissal. What this means
is, if a batsman could be given out both Bowled and also for another reason, then
the other reason is disregarded, and the batsman is out Bowled.
 CAUGHT
❑ If the batsman hits the ball, from a legitimate delivery (i.e. not a No-Ball), with the
bat (or with the glove when the glove is in contact with the bat) and the ball is
caught by the bowler or a fielder before it hits the ground, then the striker is out.

❑ "Caught behind" (an unofficial term) indicates that a player was caught by the
wicket-keeper, or less commonly by the slips. "Caught and bowled" indicates the
player who bowled the ball also took the catch.

❑ Caught takes precedence over all other methods of dismissal except

Bowled. What this means is, if a batsman could be given out both Caught and also
for another reason (except Bowled), then the other reason is disregarded, and the
batsman is out Caught.
 LEG BEFORE WICKET (LBW)
❑ If a bowler's legitimate (i.e., not a No-ball) delivery strikes any part of the batsman
(not necessarily the leg), without first touching the bat (or glove holding the bat),
and, in the umpire's judgement, the ball would have hit the wicket but for this
interception, then the striker is out.

❑ There are also further criteria that must be met, including where the ball pitched,
whether the ball hit the batsman in line with the wickets, and whether the batsman
was attempting to hit the ball, and these have changed over time.
 RUN OUT
❑ If A batsman is Run out if at any time while the ball is in play, the wicket in the ground closest to him is fairly put
down by the opposing side while no part of the batsman's bat or body is grounded behind the popping crease.

❑ This usually happens while the batsmen are running between the wickets, attempting to score a run. Either the
striker or non-striker can be Run out. The batsman nearest the safe territory of the wicket that has been put
down, but not actually in safe territory, is out. On the line is considered as out; frequently it is a close call whether
or not a batsman gained his ground before the bails were removed, with the decision referred to the Decision
Review System.

❑ The difference between stumped and run out is that the wicket-keeper may stump a batsman who goes too far
forward to play the ball (assuming he is not attempting a run), whilst any fielder, including the keeper, may run out
a batsman who goes too far for any other purpose, including for taking a run.
 RUN OUT
❑ A special form of run out is when the batsman at the non-striker's end attempts to gain an advantage by
leaving the crease before the next ball has been bowled (a common practice known as "backing up", but
against the laws of cricket). The bowler may then dislodge the bails at his/her end without completing the run-
up and dismiss the batsman.

❑ With changes in the Laws of Cricket, a bowler cannot out a batsman once they reach the point in their
delivery where they would normally release the ball. It is considered good etiquette to warn a batsman that he is
leaving his crease early, before attempting a Mankad run out on a subsequent ball.

❑ A run out cannot occur if no fielder has touched the ball. As such, if a batsman plays a straight drive which
breaks the non-striker's stumps whilst he is outside his crease, he is not out. However, if a fielder (usually the
bowler, in this case) touches the ball at all before it breaks the stumps at the non-striker's end, then it is a run
out, even if the fielder never has any control of the ball.
 STUMPED
❑ If the striker steps in front of the crease to play the ball, leaving no part of his body or the bat on the ground
behind the crease, and the wicket-keeper is able to put down the wicket with the ball, then the striker is out.

❑ A stumping is most likely to be effected off slow bowling, or (less frequently) medium-paced bowling when the
wicket-keeper is standing directly behind the stumps. As wicket-keepers stand several yards back from the
stumps to fast bowlers, stumpings are hardly ever effected off fast bowlers. The ball can bounce off a keeper
(but not external non-usual wicketkeeping protective equipment, like a helmet) and break the stumps and still
be considered a stumping.

❑ Stumped takes precedence over Run out. What this means is, if a batsman could be given out both Stumped
and Run out, then Run out is disregarded, and the batsman is out Stumped.
 RETIRED
❑ If any batsman leaves the field of play without the Umpire's consent for any
reason other than injury or incapacity, he may resume the innings only with the
consent of the opposing captain. If he fails to resume his innings, he is out. For the
purposes of calculating a batting average, retired out is considered a dismissal.

❑ A player who retires hurt and does not return to bat by the end of the innings is
not considered out for statistical purposes, though, as substitutes are not permitted
to bat, the impact on play is effectively the same as if they had retired out.
 HIT THE BALL TWICE
❑ If the batsman "hits" the ball twice, he is out. The first hit is the ball striking the
batsman or his bat whilst the second hit is the batsman intentionally making
separate contact with the ball, not necessarily with the bat (it is therefore possible to
be out hitting the ball twice whilst not actually hitting the ball with the bat either
time).

❑ The batsman is allowed to hit the ball a second time with his bat or body (but not
a hand that is not in contact with the bat) if this is performed in order to stop the ball
from hitting the stumps.

❑ No batsman has been out hitting the ball twice in Test cricket.
 HIT WICKET
❑ If the batsman dislodges his own stumps with his body or bat, while in the process
of taking a shot or beginning his first run, then he is out. This law does not apply if he
avoided a ball thrown back to the wicket by a fielder, or broke the wicket in avoiding
a run out.

❑ This law also applies if part of the batsman's equipment is dislodged and hits the
stumps.
 OBSTRUCTING THE FIELD
❑ If the batsman, by action or by words, obstructs or distracts the fielding side, then
he is out. This law now encompasses transgressions that would previously have
been covered by handled the ball, which has now been removed from the Laws.
 FORMAT OF CRICKET MATCHES
❑ There are three formats of cricket played at the international level –
➢ Test matches,
➢ One-Day Internationals and
➢ Twenty20 Internationals.

❑ These matches are played under the rules and regulations approved by the International Cricket
Council, which also provides match officials for them.
 TEST MATCHES
❑ Test cricket is the traditional form of the game, which has been played since 1877 and now settled in a five-day
format which comprises two innings each. It is considered the pinnacle form because it tests teams over a
longer period of time. Teams need to exhibit endurance, technique and temperament in different conditions to
do well in this format.
❑ It is played between the countries accredited by the ICC: the International Cricket Council. The main point of
test cricket is to test young players. Tests last for up to five days that is why many also call it "5 day cricket”. It
can still end in a draw match. It is the longest format of cricket.

❑ Test Playing Nations are:

•England
•Australia
•South Africa
•West Indies
•New Zealand
•India
•Pakistan
•Sri Lanka
•Zimbabwe
•Bangladesh
•Afghanistan
•Ireland
 LIMITED OVERS CRICKET

• In these games, the length is determined by the number of overs, and each side has one innings only.

• A special formula, known as the 'Duckworth–Lewis method' is applied if rain reduces the time for play.

• It calculates the target score for the team batting second in a limited overs match interrupted by weather or other
circumstance.
 ONE DAY INTERNATIONALS CRICKET
• One Day Internationals, also known as ODIs, are a pacier format which started in 1971 but gained in popularity
from the 1980s. These are one-innings matches of 50 overs per side, in which teams with a blend of technique,
speed and skill are expected to do well. The ICC’s pinnacle event, the ICC Cricket World Cup, is contested
every four years in this format.

• ODIs are usually restricted to 50 overs batting for each side and each bowler can bowl up to 10 overs maximum.

• The highest team score is England 481-6 against Australia in June 19, 2018.

• The highest individual score is 264 off 173 balls by Rohit Sharma for India against Sri Lanka.

• The 50-over format has developed in more recent years with the ICC also organising the Champions Trophy for
the top eight ranked teams, the ICC Women’s World Cup every four years and the ICC Under 19 Cricket World
Cup every two years.
 TWENTY20 CRICKET (T20 CRICKET)
• Twenty20 Internationals are the newest, shortest and fastest form of the game. This format of 20 overs per side
has brought in new audiences since its advent in 2005 and also triggered new skill sets and innovations.

• A Twenty20 International match is usually competed in three hours and with huge hitting, skillful bowling and
amazing fielding it has been hugely popular with fans right around the world.

• The ICC World Twenty20 is the premier international T20 tournament which started in 2007, and it has been
hosted a further seven times since then with the advent of the ICC Women's World Twenty20 being hosted
alongside the men's event since 2009. However, since 2018 which was played in the Caribbean, it has been a
standalone event.

• Twenty20 cricket has 20 overs for each side and each bowler can bowl up to 4 overs maximum unlike 10 overs
in an ODI match.
 INDIAN PREMIER LEAGUE (IPL)
• The Indian Premier League (IPL), also officially known as TATA IPL for sponsorship reasons is a professional
men's Twenty20 cricket league, contested by ten teams based out of seven Indian cities and three Indian states.
The league was founded by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in 2007.

• It is usually held between March and May of every year. The IPL is the most-attended cricket league in the world
and in 2014 was ranked sixth by average attendance among all sports leagues.

• There have been fourteen seasons of the IPL tournament. The current IPL title holder franchise is Chennai
Super Kings, winning the 2021 season.

• Twenty20 cricket has 20 overs for each side and each bowler can bowl up to 4 overs maximum unlike 10 overs
in an ODI match.
• The highest team score is 263/5 by Royal Challengers Bangalore (RCB) against Pune Warriors India (PWI) in
the 2013 IPL season.

• The highest individual score is 175* off 69 balls by Chris Gayle for RCB in the same match.
 IMPORTANT TOURNAMENTS

◦ Test Match
◦ ICC Trophy (One day)
◦ Champions Trophy (One day)
◦ World Cup Twenty-Twenty
◦ Ranji Trophy (Inter zonal tournament)
◦ IPL