Reviewer in RPH
Reviewer in RPH
Reviewer in RPH
What is History?
WRITTEN PH HISTORY:
a.) Written by the educated and rich Filipino
b.) written by colonizers
HISTORICAL METHOD
- the process of critically examining and analyzing the records and survivals of the past.
- A system that relics on collected data system that confines itself to the data of experience.
- A philosophical school or system not just in history but it also general philosophical system.
HISTORIOGRAPHY – the practice of historical writing; the imaginative reconstruction of the past from the data derived by
that process.
THEORIES IN HISTORY
THEORIES constructed by historians in Investigating history:
a. Factual History - presents the readers the plain and basic information (4 W’s).
b. Speculative theory - it tries to speculate on the cause and effect of an event (Cantal, Cardinal, Espino and Galindo
2014); goes beyond facts, concerned about Why and How.
Total past
History-as-record
NOTE: All artifacts are relict but not all relics are artifacts.
Secondary sources – Gottschalk simply defines secondary sources as the testimony of anyone who is not an eyewitness
that is one who was not present at the event of which he tells.
2 Parts:
a. external criticism
b. Internal criticism
1. External criticism – refers to genuineness of the documents. It is looking into the authenticity of evidence by
examining the physical characteristics and historical characteristics of the documents.
The following are series of question to establish the genuine next of a document or relic according to key (1994).
a. Does the language and writing style conform to the period in question and is it typical of other work done by the
author?
b. Is there evidence that the author exhibits ignorance of things or events that man of his training and time should
have known?
c. Did he report about things, events or places that could have been known during the period?
d. Has the original manuscript been altered wither intentionally or unintentionally by copying? e. is the document
an original draft or a copy?
2. Internal criticism – refers to the meaning and truthfulness of the documents. It talks about the value and worth of
its content.
Key (1997), provides the following questions to check content source of information:
Contextual Analysis – considers specifically the time, place, and situation when the primary source was written. The
analysis as well includes the author’s background, authority on the subject and intent perceptible, and its relevance and
meaning to people and society today (Ligo, et.al., 2018).
NOTE: Content and contextual analysis is an indispensable approach to strengthen the students critical and analytical
thinking skills and their ability to articulate their own ideas, views and perspectives on a certain primary data or source. In
order to achieve this, primary sources will be used and utilized for analysis.
Antonio Pigafetta -
1491- 1534
- Born in Vicenza
- Eldest son of Giovanni Pigafetta to second wife Angela Zoga - Studied Astronomy, Geography and
cartography.
- Accompanied Ferdinand Magellan in his voyage
- Returned to Spain on September 6, 1522 aboard the Victoria with Juan Sebastian Elcano and more than a dozen
more survivors.
- Presented his work to Charles V.- Magellan’s Voyage, “A narrative Account of the first Circumnavigation “ -
Worked in ships owned by Knights of Rhodes James Alexander Robertson
• The Royal crown of Spain supported the plan of Ferdinand Magellan to go to east sailinga westward, a proposal
that was not supported by Portugal.
“The First Voyage Around the World” (book) About the book….
- It is the main source about the first encounter of the Spaniards and the Filipinos
- The original journal of Pigafetta didn’t survive in history (what was handed is just copies of the manuscript that
never came out the press during his life time.)
- James A. Richardson –made an English version of ambrosian copy and it appeared in the Philippine Island. -
Pigafettas travelogue contributed immensely to the enrichment of Philippine Historiography - It was vivid
description of: o Physical appearance, social life, Religious Belief and cultural practices (Samar, Leyte, and Cebu.
o Economic activities of local folks and the goods they offered for trade.
o He got all of this through the help of Enrique de Malacca (Magellan’s Interpreter)
- Lastly, Pigafetta gave us an eyewitness account of the battle of Mactan which resulted to the death of Magellan
ang him getting wounded.
VERSION OF THE BOOK
- Three of them were in French and two are kept in the Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris.
- The third one was originally owned by the British Collector Sir Thomas Philipp.
- The fourth copy was written in mixed Italian, Spanish and Venetian language and could be found in Ambrosian
Library in Milan.
- In 1800, Carlo Amoretti published an Italian version of it and the following year a French version came out in
Paris. - Pinkerton of his part translated it to English and published it in 1819.
- James A. Richardson made his own English version of the Ambrosian copy and it appeared in The Philippine
Islands.
- This is the copy that is widely circulated in the Philippines.
Important persons
a. Fernao de Magalhaes (Captain General Ferdinand Magellan)- the leader of the expedition
b. Antonio Pigafetta (Italian)- official Chronicle of the expedition.
c. Raia Colambu- (raja Kulambu)- King of Mazua (Limasawa)
d. Raia Siaui (Raja Siagu)- King of butuan
e. Raia Humabon- King of Zubu(Cebu)
f. Raia Cilapulapu and Raia Zula- Chiefs of matan (Mactan).
Chronology of dates
➢ March 18, 1521- Spanish colonizers arrived at Zamal (Samar).
➢ March 17, 1521 landed at Humunu (homonhon) and which he named, Acquada da li buoni segnialli and later the
entire group of islands as Archipelago of St. Lazaro (Former name of Philippines).
➢ March 18, 1521- Exchange goods w ancestors in Zuluan
➢ March 25, 1521- Anchored near Mazaua (Limasawa) and met the king in balanghai
➢ March 31, 1521- went ashore to say mass and set up cross on summit of the mountain.
➢ April 07, 1521- baptized our ancestors from zubu and few from neighboring islands.
➢ April 14, 1521- Entered the port of Zubu.
➢ April 26, 1521- Raia Zula came to seek help to Fight the other chief of matan
➢ April 27, 1521- Wave shore in the island of matan and fighting commenced between them and men of Raia
Cilapulapu and lead to death of Magalhaes.
➢ May 1, 1521- Massacred by the Zubuanos thus forcing the remaining Spaniards to depart to zubu immediately.
Descriptions of Male
- Naked, with cloth woven from a bark of a tree about(cover) their privies.
- Dark, Fat and painted (tattooed)
- Anointed with their bodies with coconut and benessed oil as a protection against sun and wind.
- Some have dark Hair that hung to the waist.
Description of female
- Clad in tree cloth from waist down - Hair is black and reaches the ground.
- They are as white and as large as the Spaniards
- Holes on their ears which are filled with gold(earrings).
- Constant chewing a fruit which they call areca which resembles as pear, cut into four and wrapped with
betre(betel) leaves,
Culture Christianization
- Unique musical instruments - Conversion of early Filipinos
- Tattoos’= arts Christianity.
- Rituals
Burial practices
-
Worship of anitos
- Inferiority: Warfare weapons, manner
- of dressing, system of writing.
- 1491- 1534
- Fray Joan Puerto de Carrero del Convento de Villanueva dela Serena
- Grew up in plasencia
- Belonged to Franciscan Order
- Among the First Batch of Missionaries bound in the Philippines in May 1577.
- Assigned to do mission works in Southern Tagalog converting People to Christianity.
- Also helped in the foundation and organization of numerous provinces. - Honored as “Venerable”
Community
- Barangay- Tribal Gathering ruled by Chiefs.
- It is called a “barangay” because they associate themselves with the “Malay” who are one of the first people to
arrive in the Philippines through a boat in which they call “balangay”.
- Some consisted of around 30-100 houses
- Barangays also have some sort of diplomacy
- All barangays were equal in terms of status and political structure.
Datu – the chiefs of the village: they governed the people as captains even in wars, were obeyed, and revered: any
subject who committed any offense against them, or spoke to their wives and children, were severely punished.
Social Hierarchy
- There are three statuses/castes within a barangay, Maharlica, Aliping Namamahay, Aliping sa Guiguilar.
1. Maharlica are those who are born free.
2. Aliping namamahay are those who serve their masters however, they can have their own properties.
3. Aliping sa Guiguilir, are those considered to be slaves who serve their masters or can be sold off.
Maharlica (noble)
- He would keep their status for a lifetime however, this can be taken if she/he marries slave.
- In this case, the kids would be divided and they would inherit the status of their mother or father. - People
who are born free - Do not need to pay taxes
- Must accompany the datu’s in war.
Status of women
- Women in pre-colonial Philippine society had the right to inherit property, engage in trade and industry, and
succeed to the chieftain shift of the barangay in the absence of male and heir.
- They also had right to name their children
- The men walked behind them as sign of respect.
Property
- The land area was divided among the whole barangay, especially the irrigated portions.
- No one from the different barangay could cultivate land unless they inherit or buy the land.
- The land on the tingues, or mountain ridges, are not divided but owned by the barangay as a whole. - Any
individual (regardless of their barangay)