ENGLISH11

📖 စာတတ္ခ်င္လၽွင္ စာဖတ္သင္ (၁၁) 📖

The evening sun shone down on him as he walked; it was a very large red sun, the
same red as his father's tunic.
The evening sun shone down on him as he walked; - သူ လမ္းေလၽွက္ေနစဥ္တေလၽွာက္ ညေနခင္းရဲ့ ေ
နေရာင္က သူ ႔အေပၚျဖာက်ေနတယ္။
it was a very large red sun, - အလြန္ႀကီးမားတဲ့ အနီေရာင္ေနလုံ းႀကီး
the same red as his father's tunic. သူ ႔အေဖ့ အကၤ်ီလို ပဲ အနီေရာင္

The heat it gave out made him sweat and long for something to drink.
The heat it gave out - ဒီကထြက္လာတဲ့ အပူ ဟာ
made him sweat and long for something to drink. - သူ ႔ကို ေခၽြးထြက္ေစၿပီး၊ ေသာက္စရာတခု ခု ကို
အာသီသျဖစ္ေစတယ္။
ဒီမွာ long for someone or something - ဆႏၵရွိတာ။ ေတာင့ ္တတာ၊ တမ္းတတာ ဆို တဲ့ အသုံ းေလးမွတ္ပါ။
စာေၾကာင္းေလးေတြနဲ႔ ေလ့ လာၾကည့ ္ရေအာင္-
1. I long for the carefree days of my youth. အပူ အပင္ကင္းတဲ့ လူ ငယ္ဘဝေန႔ရက္ေတြကို တမ္းတမိတယ္။
- carefree days - အပူ အပင္ကင္းမဲ့ ေသာေန႔ရက္မ်ား
2. She is longing for her old friends. သူ မက သူ မရဲ့သူ ငယ္ခ်င္းေဟာင္းေတြကို သတိရတမ္းတေနတယ္။
3. Walter longed for his hometown in the mountains. Walter က ေတာင္ေပၚကသူ ႔ၿမိဳ့ ေလးကို
သတိရတမ္းတေနတယ္။
4. After so many years in a stuffy office job, she longed for adventure around the
world. ႏွစ္ေပါင္းမ်ားစြာ က်ဥ္းက်ပ္ပိတ္ေလွာင္ေနတဲ့ ႐ုံ းအလု ပ္ကိုလု ပ္ကိုင္အၿပီးမွာ သူ မက ကမၻာပတ္ စြန႔္စားသြားခ်င္လွၿပီ

Perhaps there would be enough money left over to buy himself a pomegranate.
အေမမွာတာေတြ ဝယ္ၿပီးရင္ သူ ႔ဖို သလဲသီးတလုံ းေတာ့ ဝယ္စားဖို့ရာ ပို က္ဆံ ပို ေကာင္း ပို နို င္ပါရဲ့။ (ပို ရင္ဝယ္စားမယ္)

He couldn't wait to take one home and show his friends how large they were in this
barbaric land.
He couldn't wait to take one home - ဒီသလဲသီးကို သူ ႔ေမြးရ ပ္ကအိမ္ကို ယူ သြားခ်င္လွၿပီ
and show his friends how large they were in this barbaric land. ဒီအသီးေတြဟာ အရို င္းအစို
င္းေတြရဲ့ေဒသမွာ ဘယ္ေလာက္ေတာင္ျဖစ္ထြ န္းတယ္ဆိုတာ သူ ႔သူ ငယ္ခ်င္းေတြကို ျပဖို့ (ယူ သြားခ်င္လွၿပီ)
- barbaric /adj/ uncivilised and uncultured - မယဥ္ေက်းေသာ၊ ရို င္းစို င္းေသာ
ဒီမွာ အေပၚက He couldn't wait မွာပါတဲ့ can’t wait to do sth - ဆို တဲ့ ဘာလု ပ္ခ်င္လွၿပီ၊ ညာလု ပ္ခ်င္လွၿပီ... တ
ခု ခု လု ပ္ခ်င္လွၿပီဆို တဲ့ အသုံ းေလးအေၾကာင္း ဒီမွာတခါထဲေျပာခ်င္လို့။ ဒါေလးက အေတာ္အသုံ းဝင္တယ္။
ဥပမာ - 1. I can’t wait to see you. ငါမင္းကို ျမင္ခ်င္ေတြ႕ခ်င္လွၿပီ။
2. I can’t wait to see Dad_ it’s been a year. အေဖ့ ကို ေတြ႕ခ်င္လွၿပီ။ မေတြ႕ရတာ တႏွစ္ေတာင္ရွိေပါ့။
3. I am so eager for my birthday to come. I just can’t wait. ေမြးေန႔ေရာက္ဖို့ကို ေမၽွာ္ေ
နရတာ။ ျမန္ျမန္ေရာက္ပါေတာ့ ။
4. I’m glad it’s almost summertime_ I just can’t wait to go swimming. ေႏြေရာက္လာတာ ဝ
မ္းသာတယ္။ ငါေရကူ းခ်င္လွၿပီ။
ဒါေတြကေတာ့ can’t wait နဲ႔ပတ္သ က္တဲ့ နမူ နာအသုံ းေလးေတြပါ။ ဒီအသုံ းေလးက စကားေျပာရာမွာေကာ၊ စာေရးရာ
မွာပါ အသုံ းဝင္ပါတယ္။ မွတ္ထားပါ။

Marcus, his best friend, would undoubtedly have seen one as big because his father
had commanded a whole army in these parts, but the rest of the class would still be
impressed.
Marcus, his best friend, would undoubtedly have seen one as big - သူ ႔သူ ငယ္ခ်င္း မားကပ္စ္ကေ
တာ့ ဒီေလာက္ႀကီးတာကို ျမင္ဖူးဖို့ေသခ်ာတယ္။
- undoubtedly /adv/ without doubt; certainly - အေသအခ်ာ၊ သံ သယစစ္စရာမလို
because his father had commanded a whole army in these parts, - ဘာေၾကာင့ ္လဲဆို ေတာ့
သူ ႔အေဖက ဒီေဒသေတြမွာ စစ္တပ္ႀကီးတခု လုံ းကို အု ပ္ခ်ဳပ္ခဲ့ဖူ းတယ္။
- command /v/ have authority over; be in charge of (unit) - ကြ ပ္ကဲတာ။ အု ပ္ခ်ဳပ္တာ။
but the rest of the class would still be impressed. - ဒါေပမယ့ ္ မားကပ္စ္ကလြဲလို့ က်န္တဲ့သူ ေတြ
ကေတာ့ အထင္ႀကီးၾကမွာ ေသခ်ာတယ္။
- impress /v/ make (someone) feel admiration and respect - အထင္ႀကီးေလးစားေအာင္လုပ္တာ
ဒီမွာ the rest/the rest of…ဆို တဲ့ အသုံ းေလးလည္းမွတ္ပါ။
the rest/the rest of - what is left after everything or everyone else has gone or
been used/dealt with/mentioned…
က်န္ခဲ့တဲ့ သူ မ်ား၊ အရာမ်ား၊ လက္က်န္ စသျဖင့ ္သုံးပါတယ္။
1. You carry these two bags, and I’ll bring the rest. ဒီအိတ္ႏွစ္လုံး မင္းသယ္၊ က်န္တာ ငါသယ္ခဲ့မယ္။
2. Two of the attackers were killed, and the rest escaped. တို က္ခိုက္သ ူေတြထဲက ႏွစ္ေယာက္ေ
သတယ္၊ က်န္တဲသူ ေတြေတာ့ လြတ္သြ ားတယ္။
3. Does anyone want the rest of the pizza? ပီစာလက္က်န္ကို ဘယ္သူစားခ်င္သလဲ။
4. He will be in wheelchair for the rest of his life. သူ ႔ဘဝလက္က်န္ေန႔ေတြကို ဘီးတပ္ကုလားထို င္ေ
ပၚမွာပဲျဖတ္သန္းရေတာ့ မယ္။
ဒါေတြက the rest/the rest of… ရဲ့ နမူ နာအသုံ းေတြပါ။

The village to which his mother had sent him was only two miles from the compound
and the dusty path ran alongside a hill overlooking a large valley.
The village to which his mother had sent him was - သူ ႔အေမ သူ ႔ကို လြတ္တဲ့ရြာက
only two miles from the compound - သူ တို့တပ္ဝန္းနဲ႔ ႏွစ္မိုင္ပဲေဝးတယ္။
and the dusty path ran alongside a hill overlooking a large valley. ဒီတပ္အဝန္းအဝို င္းကေန
ရြာကို သြားတဲ့ လမ္းက ဖု န္ထူၿပီး ေတာင္ကုန္းကို ပတ္ၿပီးေဖာက္ထားတယ္ၿပီ ေတာင္ေတြၾကားကေျမျပန႔္ကို ဆီးျမင္ေနရတယ္။
- dusty path - ဖု န္ထူေသာလမ္း
- overlook /v/ have a view from above - အေပၚဆီးက ျမင္ရတာ။
- valley /n/ a low area of land between hills or mountains - ေတာင္ေတြၾကားကေျမျပန႔္

The road was already crowded with travellers who would be seeking shelter in the
village.
The road was already crowded with travellers - လမ္းက ခရီးသြားေတြနဲ႔ ျပည့ ္ေနၿပီ
- crowd /v/ fill (a space) almost completely - ျပည့ ္ေနတာ။
who would be seeking shelter in the village. - ရြာထဲမွာ တည္းၾကမယ့ ္သူေတြ
- seek /v/ attempt to find (something) - ရွာေဖြတာ
- shelter - နားခို ရာနေရာ။

All of them had come down from the hills at the express orders of his father,
whose authority had been vested in him by the Emperor himself.
All of them had come down from the hills - အားလုံ းက ေတာင္ေပၚေတြကလာၾကတာ
at the express orders of his father, - သူ ႔အေဖရဲ့ အမိန႔္ေၾကာင့ ္
whose authority had been vested in him by the Emperor himself. - ဒီလု ပ္ပိုင္ခြင့ ္က ဧကရာဇ္ဘုရင္ႀ
ကီးကို ယ္တို င္က သူ ႔အေဖကို အပ္ႏွင္းထားတာ။
- authority - အာဏာ၊ လု ပ္ပိုင္ခြင့ ္
- be vested in /v/ confer or bestow (power, authority, property, etc.) on someone -
အာဏာေပးတာ၊ လု ပ္ပိုင္ခြင့ ္ေပးတာ။ ဒါေလးလည္းမွတ္ထား။
ဥပမာ - Executive power is vested in the President. သမၼတႀကီးကို အထူ းလု ပ္ပိုင္ခြင့ ္အာဏာ အပ္ႏွင္း
ထားတယ္။
He have been vested with the authority to implement whatever changes he sees fit.
သူ ႔ကလု ပ္သင့ ္တယ္လို့ယူ ဆတဲ့ ေျပာင္းလဲမွုတို င္းကို အေကာင္အထည္ေဖာ္ဖို့ သူ ႔ကို အာဏာ၊ လု ပ္ပိုင္ခြင့ ္ေပးထားတယ္။
- implement - အေကာင္အထည္ေဖာ္ေဆာင္ရြက္တ ာ။
- see fit - လု ပ္သင့ ္လုပ္ထိုက္တ ယ္လို့ထင္လို့လု ပ္တာ။သင့ ္ေတာ္တယ္လို့ ထင္တာကို လု ပ္တာ။ာ ဒီအတြဲေလးလည္းမွတ္ထား။
ဥပမာ - You can leave it here or take it home with you, whichever you see fit. ဒီမွာ
ထားခဲ့ ခ်င္လည္းရတယ္။ ဒါမွမဟု တ္ အိမ္ျပန္သ ယ္သြ ားခ်င္လည္း ရတယ္။ မင္းအဆင္ေျပသလို လု ပ္။

Once he was sixteen, he too would serve the Emperor.

သူ လည္း အသက္ဆယ့ ္ေျခာက္ႏွစ္ျပည့ ္ရင္ေတာ့ ဘု ရင္ႀကီးဆီမွာ အမွုေတာ္ထမ္းရမယ္။

His friend Marcus wanted to be a soldier and conquer the rest of the world.
သူ ႔သူ ငယ္ခ်င္း မားကတ္စ္ကေတာ့ စစ္သားလု ပ္ၿပီး ဘု ရင္ႀကီးမသိမ္းပို က္ရေသးတဲ့ က်န္တဲ့ ကမၻာတျခမ္းကို သိမ္းပို က္မယ္ေျပာတယ္။
- conquer - ေအာင္နိုင္တာ

But he was interested in the law and teaching his country's customs to the heathens
in strange lands.
ဒါေပမယ့ ္ သူ ကေတာ့ ဥပေဒပညာရယ္ သူ ႔တို့လူ ယဥ္ေက်းေတြရဲ့ ေနပုံ ထို င္ပုံေတြကို ဒီသိမ္းပို က္လိုက္တဲ့နယ္ေျမေတြက အရို င္းအစို
င္းေတြကို သင္ေပးဖို့ စိတ္ဝင္စားတယ္။
- customs - ဓေလ့ ထုံ းတမ္းမ်ား
- heathen /n-inf/ a person regarded as lacking culture or moral principles - မယဥ္ေ
က်းသူ ၊ အရို င္းအစို င္း
Marcus had said, 'I'll conquer them and then you can govern them.'
မားကတ္စ္ကေျပာတယ္... ငါက အနို င္ယူသိမ္းပို က္မယ္... မင္းက သူ တို့ကို အု ပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေပါ့ဆို ၿပီး (ေျပာတယ္)

A sensible division between brains and brawn he had told his friend, who didn't
seem impressed and had ducked him in the nearest bath.
A sensible division between brains and brawn - ဦးေႏွာက္နဲ႔ ကာယအစြမ္းၾကားမွာ သမာသမတ္က်တဲ့
ခြဲျခမ္းစိတ္ျဖာမွုလို့
- sensible - သမာသမတ္က်ေသာ
- brawn /n/ physical strength in contrast to intelligence - ကို ယ္ကာယစြမ္းအား
he had told his friend, - သူ က သူ ႔သူ ငယ္ခ်င္း(မားကတ္စ္) ကို ေျပာတယ္
who didn't seem impressed - သူ ေျပာတာကို သူ ႔သူ ငယ္ခ်င္းက စိတ္မဝင္စား၊ အထင္မႀကီးဘူ း
and had ducked him in the nearest bath. - သူ ႔ကို အနားက ေရခ်ိဳးဇလုံ ထဲကို ႏွစ္ခ်လို က္တ ယ္
- duck /v/ push or plunge (someone) under water playfully - တြန္းတာ၊ ႏွစ္တာ(စသလို ေနာက္
သလို နဲ႔)

The boy quickened his pace as he knew he had to be back in the compound before the
sun disappeared behind the hills.
The boy quickened his pace - ေကာင္ေလးက ေျခလွမ္းကို ခပ္သြ က္သြက္လွမ္ းတယ္။
- quicken /v/ make or become faster - ခပ္ျမန္ျမန္လုပ္တာ။
as he knew he had to be back in the compound - တပ္ဝင္းထဲကို သူ ျပန္ေရာက္ဖို့လို တယ္ဆိုတာ သူ သိတယ္။
before the sun disappeared behind the hills. - ေနလုံ းက ေတာင္စြယ္ေနာက္မွာ ေပ်ာက္မသြားခင္
- disappear - ကြယ္ေပ်ာက္သြ ားတာ။

His father had told him many times that he must always be locked safely inside
before sunset.
His father had told him many times that - သူ ႔အေဖက သူ ႔ကို ခဏခဏေျပာထားတယ္။
he must always be locked safely inside before sunset. - ေနမဝင္ခင္ လုံ ျခဳံ တဲ့ ဒီဝန္းထဲမွာရွိေနရမ
ယ္လို့။

He was aware that his father was not a popular man with the locals, and he had
warned his son that he would always be safe while it was light as no one would dare
to harm him while others could watch what was going on, but once it was dark
anything could happen.
He was aware that - သူ သတိထားမိတယ္
his father was not a popular man with the locals, - ေဒသခံ ေတြၾကားက သူ ႔အေဖကို သေဘာ
မေတြ႕ဘူ းဆို တာ (ေၾကာက္လို့သာ ဆက္ဆံ ေနရတာ)
and he had warned his son that - သူ ႔အေဖကလည္း သူ ႔ကို သတိေပးထားတယ္။
he would always be safe while it was light - အလင္းေရာင္ရွိေနသေရြ႕ အႏၲရာယ္ကင္းမယ္
as no one would dare to harm him while others could watch what was going on, အလ
င္းေရာင္ရွိေနေတာ့ တခု ခု ျဖစ္ေနရင္ တျခားလူ ေတြကျမင္ေတာ့ ဘယ္သူမွ မင္းကို အႏၲရာယ္ မျပဳရဲဘူ း
- dare /v/ have the courage to do sth - တခု ခု လု ပ္ရဲတာ။
- harm /v/ အႏၲရာယ္ျပဳတာ
- go on /phr v/ happen - တခု ခု ျဖစ္ပ်က္တ ာကို ေျပာတဲ့ phrasal verb ေလးပါ။
1. What’s going on. ဘာေတြျဖစ္ေနတာလဲ
but once it was dark anything could happen. - ဒါေပမယ့ ္ ေမွာင္လာရင္ေတာ့ ဘာမဆို ျဖစ္နိုင္တယ္။

One thing he knew for certain: when he grew up he wasn't going to be a tax
collector or work in the census office.
One thing he knew for certain: - တခု ေတာ့ သူ အေသအခ်ာသိတယ္။
when he grew up - သူ ႀကီးလာရင္
he wasn't going to be a tax collector - အခြန္အတု တ္ေကာက္တဲ့အလု ပ္ သူ မလု ပ္ဘူး
- tax collector - အခြန္ေကာက္သူ
or work in the census office. လူ ဦးေရစာရင္းျပဳစု တဲ့ ႐ုံ းမွာလည္း မလု ပ္ဘူး
- census /n/ an official count or survey, especially of a population - သန္းေခါင္စာရင္း၊
လူ ဦးေရစာရင္းစစ္တမ္း

When he reached the village he found the narrow twisting lanes that ran between
the little white houses swarming with people who had come from all the neighbouring
lands to obey his father's order and be registered for the census, in order that
they might be taxed.
When he reached the village - သူ ရြာထဲကို ေရာက္ေတာ့
he found the narrow twisting lanes that ran between the little white houses - အျဖဴေ
ရာင္အိမ္ေလးေတြၾကားက ေႁ မြလိမ္ေႁ မြေကာက္လမ္းက်ဥ္းေလးေတြဟာ
- twisting lanes - အခ်ိဳးအေကြမ်ားပါေသာလမ္းကေလးမ်ား
swarming with people who had come from all the neighbouring lands - ပတ္ဝန္းက်င္နယ္ေတြက
လာတဲ့ လူ ေတြနဲ႔ ျပည့ ္ေနတာကို ( ေကာင္ေလးေတြ႕ရတယ္)
- swarm with /phr v/ (of a place) crowded or overrun with moving people or things -
ျပည့ ္ႏွက္ေနတာကို သုံ းတဲ့ Phrasal Verb ပါ။
to obey his father's order and be registered for the census, - သူ ႔အေဖရဲ့အမိန႔္ကို နာခံ ၿပီး
လူ ဦးေရစာရင္းလာတင္ၾကတာ
- obey /v/ comply with (a law) - လို က်နာတာ။ နာခံ တာ။
in order that they might be taxed. - သူ တို့လည္း အခြန္ေပးရတဲ့ သူ ေတြျဖစ္ဖို့

The boy dismissed the plebs from his mind. (It was Marcus who had taught him to
refer to all foreigners as plebs.)
The boy dismissed the plebs from his mind. ေကာင္ေလးက ေအာက္တ န္းစားေတြဆို တဲ့ စကားလုံ းကို သူ ႔ေခါ
င္းထဲက ထု တ္ပစ္လိုက္တ ယ္။ (ႏွိမ္ေခၚတာ)
- plebs /n/ commoners - သာမာန္လူ (ဒီစကားလုံ းက ေရာမစကား plebeians ဆို တဲ့ စကားကလာတာပါ။ သာမာန္ အု
ပ္ခ်ဳပ္ခံ လူ တန္းစားေပါ့။ မင္းမ်ိဳးမင္းႏြယ္ေတြကေတာ့ ေအာက္တန္းစားဆို တဲ့ သေဘာမ်ိဳး ႏွိမ္သုံးၾကပါတယ္။)
(It was Marcus who had taught him - တကယ္ေတာ့ ဒီစကားလုံ းကို သူ ႔ကို မားကတ္စ္က သင္ေပးတာ
to refer to all foreigners as plebs.) - နို င္ငံ ျခားသားေတြအားလုံ းကို ေအာက္တန္းစားေတြလို့ေခၚဖို့...
- refer to - ရည္ညႊန္းတာ

When he entered the market place he also dismissed Marcus from his mind and began
to concentrate on the supplies his mother wanted.
When he entered the market place - သူ ေစ်းထဲကို ေရာက္ေတာ့
he also dismissed Marcus from his mind - သူ မားကတ္စ္ကိုလည္း ေခါင္းထဲကထု တ္ပစ္လိုက္တ ယ္။
and began to concentrate on the supplies his mother wanted. သူ ႔အေမမွာတာေတြပဲ အာ႐ုံ စူ းစို
က္ေတာ့ တယ္။
- concentrate /v/ focus all one’s attention on a particular object or activity -
အာ႐ုံ စူ းစို က်ထားတာ။

He mustn't make any mistakes this time or he would undoubtedly end up with that
thrashing from his father.
He mustn't make any mistakes this time - ဒီတခါေတာ့ အမွားလု ပ္လို့ မျဖစ္ေတာ့ ဘူ း
or he would undoubtedly end up with that thrashing from his father. - ဒီတခါမွားရင္ေတာ့
သူ ႔အေဖဆီက ေဆာ္ပေလာ္တီးခံ ရဖို့ အေသအခ်ာပဲ။
- undoubtedly - အေသအခ်ာပဲ။ သံ သယရွိစရာမလို ။
- end up with - အဆုံ းသတ္တ ာ

He ran nimbly between the stalls, checking the food carefully.

He ran nimbly between the stalls, - ေစ်းဆို င္တန္းေတြၾကားမွာ သူ က ဖ်တ္လတ္သြ က္လက္စြာ လွုပ္ရွားသြားလာတယ္။
- nimbly /adv/ in a nimble way; move quickly or lightly; agilely - ဖ်တ္လတ္သြ က္လ က္စြာ၊ ေပါ့ပါး
စြာ
- stalls - ေစ်းဆို င္တန္းမ်ား
checking the food carefully. - အစားအစာေတြကို ေသေသခ်ာခ်ာၾကည့ ္ရွုၿပီး

Some of the local people stared at the fair-skinned boy with the curly brown hair
and the straight, firm nose.
Some of the local people stared at - ေဒသခံ တခ်ိဳ့ က စို က္ၾကည့ ္ၾကတယ္။
the fair-skinned boy with the curly brown hair and the straight, firm nose. - ဆံ ပ
င္ေကာက္ေကာက္၊ ႏွာတံ ေျဖာင့ ္စင္းစင္းနဲ႔ အသားျဖဴျဖဴေကာင္ေလးကို
- fair-skinned - အသားျဖဴတာကို ဒီလို သုံ းပါတယ္။ (ဆံ ပင္ျဖဴတာက်ေတာ့ gray hair လို့သုံ းတယ္)
- curly - လိမ္ေကာက္ေနေသာ

He displayed no imperfections or disease like the majority of them.

He displayed no imperfections or disease- သူ ႔မွာ အျပစ္အနာအဆာ မရွိဘူ း။ ေရာဂါဘယလည္း မရွိဘူ း
- display /v/ ျပသတာ
- imperfection /n/ a fault, blemish, or undesirable feature - အျပစ္အနာအဆာ
like the majority of them - ဒီက ေဒသခံ အမ်ားစု မွာ ရွိၾကသလို မ်ိဳး-
- majority - အမ်ားစု

Others turned their eyes away from him; after all, he had come from the land of the
natural rulers.
Others turned their eyes away from him; - တခ်ိဳ့ က်ေတာ့ မ်က္ႏွာလႊဲသြားတယ္
after all, - အဆုံ းမေတာ့ လည္း
he had come from the land of the natural rulers. - သူ (ေကာင္ေလး)က အု ပ္ခ်ဳပ္သူလူ တန္းစားေတြဆီ
ကလာသူ ေလ

These thoughts did not pass through his mind.

ဒီအေတြးက ေကာင္ေလးစိတ္ထဲမွာ ဘယ္ေတာ့ မွ ေပ်ာက္မသြားဘူ း( ငါက အု ပ္ခ်ဳပ္သူပဲဆို တဲ့ အေတြး)

All the boy noticed was that their native skins were parched and lined from too
much sun.
All the boy noticed was that - ေကာင္ေလးသတိထားမိတာကေတာ့
their native skins were parched - ဒီေဒသကလူ ေတြရဲ့ အသားက ေျခာက္ကတ္ေနတယ္ (ေနေလာင္လို့)
- parch /v/ make or become dry through intense heat - အပူ ေၾကာင့ ္ ေျခာက္ေသြ႕တာ
and lined from too much sun. - ေနေၾကာင့ ္ အေရးအထင္းေတြ ေပၚေနတယ္။

He knew that too much sun was bad for you: it made you old before your time, his
tutor had warned him.
He knew that too much sun was bad for you: - ေနနဲ႔တအားထိေတြ႕တာ မေကာင္းဘူ ဆို တာ သူ သိတယ္
it made you old before your time, - အရြယ္မတို င္ခင္ အို မင္းေစတယ္
his tutor had warned him. - သူ ႔ကို စာသင္ေပးတဲ့ သူ ႔ဆရာက သတိေပးေျပာဖူ းတယ္။

At the end stall, the boy watched an old woman haggling over an unusually plump
live chicken and
as he marched towards her she ran away in fright, leaving the fowl behind her.
At the end stall, - ေနာက္ဆုံးဆို င္မွာ
the boy watched an old woman haggling over - ေကာင္ေလးက အဖြားႀကီးတေယာက္ ေစ်းဆစ္ေနတာကို
ၾကည့ ္ေနတယ္။
- haggle /v/ dispute or bargain persistently, especially over the cost of something
- ေစ်းဆစ္တာ
an unusually plump live chicken - ၾကက္အ ရွင္ ခပ္ထြ ားထြားတေကာင္ကို
- unusually - ပုံ မွန္မဟု တ္ပဲ
- plump /adj/ rather fat - ခပ္ဝဝ ဖို င့ ္ဖိုင့ ္၊ ခပ္ထြ ားထြား
- live chicken - ၾကက္အ ရွင္
and as he marched towards her she ran away in fright, - ေကာင္ေလးက အဲဒီအဖြားႀကီးဆီ ဦးတ
ည္ေလၽွာက္သြ ားေတာ့
- march - လမ္းေလၽွာက္တ ာ။ ခ်ီတက္တ ာ။
- in fright - ေၾကာက္လန႔္တၾကား
leaving the fowl behind her. - အဲဒီၾကက္ကို ထားခဲ့ ၿပီး
- fowl - ၾကက္

He stared at the stall-keeper and refused to bargain with the peasant.

He stared at the stall-keeper - သူ က ဆို င္ရွင္ကိ ု စို က္ၾကည့ ္လိုက္တ ယ္။
- stall-keeper - ေစ်းေရာင္းသူ ၊ ဆို င္ရွင္
and refused to bargain with the peasant. - ဒီလယ္ယ ာထြက္ကုန္ေရာင္းသူ ဆို င္ရွင္နဲ ႔ ေစ်းဆစ္ဖို့ ျငင္းဆန္တယ္ ။ မလို
ဘူ းလို့ ယူ ဆတယ္။
- refuse - တခု ခု လု ပ္ဖို့ ျငင္းဆန္တာ
- bargain /v/ negotiate the terms and conditions of a transaction - ေစ်းဆစ္တာ
- peasant - လယ္သမား၊ လယ္ယ ာထြက္ကုန္ေရာင္းသူ

It was beneath his dignity.

ဒီလို လု ပ္တာဟာ သူ ႔ဂု ဏ္သိကၡာကို ထိခို က္ေစတယ္လို့ သူ ယူ ဆတယ္။
- beneath one’s dignity - (ဒါလု ပ္ရင္) ဂု ဏ္သိကၡာထိေစတာ။ (ယဥ္ေက်းတဲ့ သူ ေတြက ဒါမ်ိဳးေတြမလု ပ္ဘူး)
ဥပမာ - 1. I consider it was beneath my dignity to argue with the likes of him. သူ
လို ေကာင္မ်ိဳးေတြနဲ႔ ျငင္းခုံ ရတာ မတန္ဘူး။ ငါ့သိ ကၡာထိခို က္တ ယ္( မျငင္းခုံ ဘူ း)။ ဒီလို သုံ းလို့ရပါတယ္။
- the likes of him - သူ လို ေကာင္မ်ိဳးေတြ ဆို တဲ့ အသုံ းေလးလည္းမွတ္ပါ။

He pointed to the chicken and gave the man one denarius.

သူ က ၾကက္ကိုလက္ည ႇို းထို းျပၿပီး ဒီေရာင္းတဲ့ သူ ကို ေငြျပားတျပားေပးလို က္တ ယ္။
- denarius /n/ the standard Roman silver coin - ေရာမေငြေၾကးတမ်ိဳး

The man bit the round silver coin and looked at the head of Augustus Caesar, ruler
of half the world.
The man bit the round silver coin - ဆို င္ရွင္က ေငြစစ္ မစစ္သိေအာင္ ေငြျပားကို ပါးစပ္နဲ႔ကို က္ၾကည့ ္တယ္
and looked at the head of Augustus Caesar, - ေငြျပားေပၚက ေအာ္ဂတ္စတတ္ဆီဇာဘု ရင္ႀကီးရဲ့ ပုံ ကို ၾ
ကည့ ္တယ္။
ruler of half the world. ကမၻာတျခမ္းကို အု ပ္စိုးထားသူ ၊ ေအာင္နို င္ထားသူ (ေအာ္ဂတ္စတတ္ဆီဇာ)

(When his tutor had told him, during a history lesson, about the Emperor's
achievements, he remembered thinking, I hope Caesar doesn't conquer the whole world
before I have chance to join in.)
(When his tutor had told him, - သူ ႔ကို စာသင္ေပးတဲ့ ဆရာက သူ ႔ကို ေျပာျပေတာ့
during a history lesson, about the Emperor's achievements, - ဘု ရင္ႀကီးရဲ့ ေအာင္ျမင္မွုေတြ
ကို သမို င္းသင္ခန္းစာသင္ေနခ်ိန္ (သူ ႔ကို ေျပာျပေတာ့ )
- achievement - ေအာင္ျမင္မွု
he remembered thinking, - သူ ႔ဘာသာသူ ကေလးဘာဝ ေတြးမိတာေလး ျပန္အမွတ္ရတယ္
I hope Caesar doesn't conquer the whole world - ကမၻာတျခမ္းကို အနို င္စိုးထားတဲ့ ဆီဇာဘု ရင္ႀကီးကို
တကမၻာလုံ းကို အနို င္မရေစခ်င္ေသးဘူ း
before I have chance to join in.) - ငါအသက္ႀကီးလာၿပီး သူ ႔တပ္ထဲမဝင္ခင္မွာ (ဆီဇာဘု ရင္ႀကီးက သူ တပ္ထဲဝင္ဖို့
အသက္မျပည့ ္ခင္မွာ တကမၻာလုံ းကို ေအာင္နိုင္သြားရင္ သူ တို က္ပြဲဝင္စရာ မရွိေတာ့ မွာစို းလို့ မနို င္ရင္သိပ္ေကာင္းမွာပဲလို့ ကေလးေတြးေတြး
တာ)

The stallkeeper was still staring at the silver coin.

ဆို င္ရွင္က ေငြျပားကို စစ္ေဆးေနတု န္းပဲ

`Come on, come on, I haven't got all day,' said the boy sounding like his father.
`Come on, come on, - လု ပ္ပါဟ....လု ပ္ပါဟ
I haven't got all day,' - ငါ့မွ ာ အခ်ိန္မရွိဘူ း။ (ဒါေလးမွတ္ထား။ ငါ့မွ ာ အခ်ိန္မရွိဘူ း... ျမန္ျမန္လုပ္..ဆို ရင္ ဒါ
မ်ိဳးေျပာလို့ရတယ္။)
said the boy sounding like his father. ေကာင္ေလးက သူ ႔အေဖရဲလက္သ ုံးစကားကို ယူ သုံ းၿပီး လူ ႀကီးေျ
ပာေျပာတယ္။

The local did not reply because he couldn't understand what the boy was saying.
The local did not reply - ဒီေဒသခံ ေစ်းသည္က ျပန္မေျပာဘူ း
because he couldn't understand what the boy was saying. အေၾကာင္းကေတာ့ သူ က ေကာင္ေလးရဲ့
ဘာသာစကားကို နားမလည္ဘူး

All he knew for certain was that it would be unwise for him to annoy the invader.
All he knew for certain was that - သူ အေသအခ်ာသိတာကေတာ့
- for certain - အေသအခ်ာ
it would be unwise for him to annoy the invader. က်ဴးေက်ာ္သူကို စိတ္ဆိုးေအာင္လုပ္တာက လိမၼာရာမက်
ဘူ း(ဆို တာေတာ့ သူ သိတယ္)
- unwise /adj/ (of a person or action) not wise or sensible; foolish - မို က္မဲရာက်တာ။ မ
လိမၼာရာက်တာ။
- annoy /v/ make (someone) a little angry; irritate - စိတ္ဆိုးတာ၊ စိတ္မသက္မသာျဖစ္ေစတာ။
- invader /n/ က်ဴးေက်ာ္သူ(နယ္ေျမ၊ ေဒသ၊ တို င္းနို င္ငံ )

The stallkeeper held the chicken firmly by the neck and taking a knife from his
belt cut its head off in one movement and passed the dead fowl over to the boy.
The stallkeeper held the chicken firmly by the neck - ေစ်းသည္က ၾကက္ကိုလည္ပင္းက တင္းတင္းဆု ပ္ကို
င္ၿပီး
- firmly - တင္းတင္းက်ပ္က်ပ္
and taking a knife from his belt - ခါးပတ္ကဓားကို ထု တ္ၿပီး
cut its head off in one movement - တခ်က္တ ည္း ေခါင္းကို ျဖတ္ခ်လို က္တ ယ္။
and passed the dead fowl over to the boy. - ၿပီးေတာ့ ၾကက္ကို ေကာင္ေလးကို လွမ္းေပးလို က္တ ယ္။

He then handed back some of his local coins, which had stamped on them the image of
a man the boy's father described as 'that useless Herod'.
He then handed back some of his local coins, - အဲဒီေနာက္ ဆို င္ရွင္က သူ တို့ေဒသသုံ းေငြေၾကးအျပားတ
ခ်ိဳ့ ကို ျပန္အမ္းေငြအေနနဲ႔ ေကာင္ေလးကို ျပန္ေပးတယ္။
which had stamped on them the image of a man - အဲဒီေငြျပားေပၚမွာ လူ တေယာက္ရဲ့ပုံ ကို ခပ္ႏွိပ္ထားတ
ယ္။
- stamp /v/ make (something) by cutting it out with a die or mould - ပုံ ေလာင္းခပ္ႏွိပ္ထား
တာ။
the boy's father described as 'that useless Herod'. ေကာင္ေလးအေဖကေတာ့ အဲဒီပုံ ထဲကလူ ကို သုံ း
စားမရတဲ့ ဟီေရာ့ လို့ေခၚတယ္။ (ဒီေငြျပားေပၚကပုံ က ဟီေရာ့ ဘု ရင္ႀကီးရဲ့ပုံ ။ ဒါေပမယ့ ္ အဲဒီအခ်ိန္က ဆီဇာက အစၥေ
ရးေဒသအေပၚ သိမ္းပို က္ေအာင္နို င္ထားေတာ့ ေအာင္နို င္သူေတြက ႏွိမ္ၿပီးေခၚတာ)

The boy kept his hand held out, palm open, and the local placed bronze talents into
it until he had no more.
The boy kept his hand held out, palm open, - ေကာင္ေလးက လက္ကိုဆန႔္ထုတ္ၿပီး လက္ဝါးျဖန႔္ထားလို က္တ ယ္
and the local placed bronze talents into it until he had no more. ဒီေဒသခံ ေစ်းေရာင္းသူ
က သူ ႔ရွိသမၽွ ေၾကးျပားေငြစေတြအကု န္လုံးကို ေကာင္ေလးလက္ထဲ ထည့ ္ေပးလို က္တ ယ္။
- bronze - ေၾကးျပား
- talents - ေငြေၾကးတမ်ိဳး ( a piece of money in Assyria, Greece and Rome. This is
the sense in which it is used in the Bible in the parable of the five talents - သ
မၼာက်မ္းစာပါ ေငြေၾကး)

The boy left him talentless and moved to another stall, this time pointing to bags
containing raisins, figs and dates.
The boy left him talentless and moved to another stall, - ေကာင္ေလးက သူ ႔ဆီက ေၾကးျ
ပားေငြကို အကု န္ယူၿပီး ေနာက္တ ဆို င္ကူးတယ္။
this time pointing to bags containing raisins, figs and dates. - ဒီတခါေတာ့ စပ်စ္သီေျခာ
က္၊ သဖန္းသီး နဲ႔ စြံ ပလြံ သီးေတြပါတဲ့ အိတ္ေတြကို လက္ည ႇို းထို းျပၿပီး (စကားနားမလည္ေတာ့ လက္ဟန္ေျခဟန္နဲ႔ဝယ္တ ာ)

The new stallkeeper made a measure of each for which he received five of the
useless Herod coins.
The new stallkeeper made a measure of each - ဆို င္ရွင္က ေဝပုံ က် ခ်ိန္တြယ္တ ယ္
- make a measure - ခ်ိန္တြယ္တ ာ
for which he received five of the useless Herod coins. - သူ ႔လက္ထဲေရာက္လ ာတဲ့ သုံ းစားမရတဲ့
ဟီေရာ့ ေငြ ေၾကးျပားငါးစနဲ႔ ညီမၽွတဲ့ (ဒီအသီးေတြကို အညီအမၽွ ခ်ိန္တြယ္တ ယ္)

The man was about to protest about the barter but the boy stared at him fixedly in
the eyes, the way he had seen his father do so often. The stallkeeper backed away
and only bowed his head.
The man was about to protest about the barter - ေစ်းသည္က ဒီမညီမၽွတဲ့ လဲလွယ္မွုကို ကန႔္ကြက္မဲ့ ဟန္ျပင္ေ
တာ့ ( တန္ဖိုးသိပ္မရွိတဲ့ ဟီေရာ့ ေငြေပးၿပီး ပို လို ခ်င္တာ)
- barter - အလဲအလွယ္ျပဳတာ
but the boy stared at him fixedly in the eyes, - ေကာင္ေလးက ေစ်းသည္ကို စို က္ၾကည့ ္လိုက္တ ယ္
the way he had seen his father do so often. - သူ ႔အေဖလု ပ္သလို မ်ိဳး (သူ ႔အေဖ ဒီလို လု ပ္တာ သူ ေတြ႕ဖူ း
တယ္)
- so often - မၾကာခဏ
The stallkeeper backed away and only bowed his head.
ဆို င္ရွင္က ျပန္ေရွာခ်သြားၿပီးေတာ့ (ျငင္းမေနေတာ့ ဘူ း) ေခါင္းငုံ ႔ အရို အေသေပးတယ္။
- back away /phr v/ move away from someone or sth , especially as a fear or
apprehension - ေနာက္ဆုတ္တ ာ
- bow /v/ bend the head or upper part of body as a sign of respect, greeting or
shame - ဦးညႊတ္တ ာ

ဒီေန႔ေတာ့ ဒီေလာက္နဲ႔တင္ ရပ္ထားၾကဦးစို့ (ေနာက္တ ပို င္းမွာ ဇာတ္ရွိန္ကတက္ၿပီ... 🙂

အဂၤလိပ္စာ တကယ္တ တ္ေျမာက္ၾကပါေစ

Edmond Dante
04/06/2020 21:53 hrs
Singapore

Ref - The Collected Short Stories by Jeffrey Archer

Oxford Dictionary of English App
Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English - OALDCE (5th
Edition) by A S Hornby

ဒါကေတာ့ မူ ရင္း အဂၤလိပ္မူပါ....

The evening sun shone down on him as he walked; it was a very large red sun, the
same red as his father's tunic. The heat it gave out made him sweat and long for
something to drink. Perhaps there would be enough money left over to buy himself a
pomegranate. He couldn't wait to take one home and show his friends how large they
were in this barbaric land. Marcus, his best friend, would undoubtedly have seen
one as big because his father had commanded a whole army in these parts, but the
rest of the class would still be impressed.
The village to which his mother had sent him was only two miles from the compound
and the dusty path ran alongside a hill overlooking a large valley. The road was
already crowded with travellers who would
be seeking shelter in the village. All of them had come down from the hills at the
express orders of his father, whose authority had been vested in him by the Emperor
himself. Once he was sixteen, he too would serve the Emperor. His friend Marcus
wanted to be a soldier and conquer the rest of the world. But he was interested in
the law and teaching his country's customs to the heathens in strange lands.
Marcus had said, 'I'll conquer them and then you can govern them.'
A sensible division between brains and brawn he had told his friend, who didn't
seem impressed and had ducked him in the nearest bath.
The boy quickened his pace as he knew he had to be back in the compound before the
sun disappeared behind the hills. His father had told him many times that he must
always be locked safely inside before sunset. He was aware that his father was not
a popular man with the locals, and he had warned his son that he would always be
safe while it was light as no one would dare to harm him while others could watch
what was going on, but once it was dark anything could happen. One thing he knew
for certain: when he grew up he wasn't going to be a tax collector or work in the
census office.
When he reached the village he found the narrow twisting lanes that ran between
the little white houses swarming with people who had come from all the neighbouring
lands to obey his father's order and be registered for the census, in order that
they might be taxed. The boy dismissed the plebs from his mind. (It was Marcus who
had taught him to refer to all foreigners as plebs.) When he entered the market
place he also dismissed Marcus from his mind and began to concentrate on the
supplies his mother
wanted. He mustn't make any mistakes this time or he would undoubtedly end up with
that thrashing from his father. He ran nimbly between the stalls, checking the food
carefully. Some of the local people stared at the fair-skinned boy with the curly
brown hair and the straight, firm nose. He displayed no imperfections or disease
like the majority of them. Others turned their eyes away from him; after all, he
had come from the land of the natural rulers. These thoughts did not pass through
his mind. All the boy noticed was that their native skins were parched and lined
from too much sun. He knew that too much sun was bad for you: it made you old
before your time,his tutor had warned him.
At the end stall, the boy watched an old woman haggling over an unusually plump
live chicken and
as he marched towards her she ran away in fright, leaving the fowl behind her. He
stared at the stall-keeper and refused to bargain with the peasant. It was beneath
his dignity. He pointed to the chicken and gave the man one denarius. The man bit
the round silver coin and looked at the head of Augustus Caesar, ruler of half the
world. (When his tutor had told him, during a history lesson, about the Emperor's
achievements, he remembered thinking, I hope Caesar doesn't conquer the whole world
before I have chance to join in.) The stallkeeper was still staring at the silver
coin.
`Come on, come on, I haven't got all day,' said the boy sounding like his father.
The local did not reply because he couldn't understand what the boy was saying.
All he knew for certain was that it would be unwise for him to annoy the invader.
The stallkeeper held the chicken firmly by the neck and taking a knife from his
belt cut its head off in one movement and passed the dead fowl over to the boy. He
then handed back some of his local coins, which had stamped on them the image of a
man the boy's father described as 'that useless Herod'. The boy kept his hand held
out, palm open, and the local placed bronze talents into it until he had no more.
The boy left him talentless and moved to
another stall, this time pointing to bags containing raisins, figs and dates. The
new stallkeeper made a measure of each for which he received five of the useless
Herod coins. The man was about to protest about the barter but the boy stared at
him fixedly in the eyes, the way he had seen his father do so often. The
stallkeeper backed away and only bowed his head.

to be continued .......