Technology and Livelihood Education 8

Technical Drafting
Module 5 – Week 5

DIFFERENT MEASURING TOOLS/INSTRUMENT AND THEIR APPLICATION

An understanding of measurement is essential for all parts of manufacturing and production
technology. Measurements must be uniform so that people have common understanding and application in
the production and use of manufactured objects.
Measuring tools are used for the purpose of measuring dimensions, implementing any work with
precision. The measuring tools are also used largely for carrying out different types of measurements.

Different Measuring Tools

1. T-Square is used as guide in drawing horizontal lines and in measuring up to 48” straight line.

T - SQUARE

2. Triangles are used for drawing vertical and oblique lines. The most commonly used triangles are the
45 and the 30x 60. Illustrations below show the proper use of drawing lines and measuring angles
using the T-square and triangle.

3. Ruler is the most popular type of measuring tool. It is usually 6 or 12 inches’ in length. It is needed for
measuring sizes and distances.
4. Triangular Scale is used in general drawing. Its main purpose is to reproduce the dimension in full size
or to reduce or enlarge them on a drawing. Scales help a drafter keeps the proportions accurate.

Steps in Using a Scale

a. Place the edge of the scale parallel to the line being measured.
b. Face the edge of the scale that you're reading toward your non dominant side (if it’s oriented vertically) or
away from you (if it's oriented horizontally). This helps keep you from casting shadows on the relevant face
of the scale as you work.
c. Make light marks to indicate the distance you're measuring or drawing out, as measured by the scale.
d. Adjust dividers with the scale by making a pencil line as long as the dividers should be wide, using the
scale as a guide. Then adjust the dividers by orienting the points on the ends of the pencil line. Adjusting
the dividers by placing the points directly on the scale might nick the surface of the scale, making it hard to
read.

5. Protractor is used for measuring and setting of angles other than those obtainable with the triangles.

Figure below can be measured and drawn using a protractor

6. Tape or tape ruler is a concave, spring-steel blade ranging from 1/4" to 1" wide and 6 to about 300 feet
in length, coiled inside a carrying case. Metric tape ruler comes in comparable widths and lengths up to 10
meters. It provides an easy means for accurately measuring curved surfaces.
7. Compass is used to draw circles, arcs, radii, and parts of many symbols.

Steps in Using a Compass

a. Place the point of the drafting compass at the center point of the circle you intend to draw. If you're
drawing an arc, imagine that the arc extends all the way around into a circle and place the point of
the compass at the center of that imaginary circle.
b. Adjust the leaded end of the compass so that it touches where you'd like the edge of the arc--or
circle--to be. If you're drawing an arc at a specific distance from the center point, make a line of the
desired distance, adjust the point and leaded end of the compass against the ends of that line, then
place the point of the compass back at the center point of your circle or arc.
c. Grasp the middle of the compass between your thumb and fingers. Twist your fingers, applying light
downward pressure on the compass to mark out the desired length of arc or circle with the leaded
end of the compass.

8. Divider is similar to the compass in construction. As the name implies, divider issued for dividing
distances into a number of equal parts by the trial-and-error method.

Steps in Using a Divider

a. Align each arm of the dividers so that one point is laying on the start point of the measurement you want
to transfer and the other divider point is laying on the endpoint of that same measurement.
b. Lift the dividers off the measurement you intend to transfer, being careful not to change their alignment.
c. Place the dividers over the location you'd like to transfer the measurement to, and make a pencil mark to
indicate where each of the dividers' pointers sits. This duplicates the measurement.
Selecting the right instrument for the job
one of the essential part of this module that you need to learn is selecting the right instrument to be
used to accomplish the given task/job.

 Ruler can be defined as a tool or device used to measure length and draw straight lines.
A ruler can be used to measure lengths in both metric and customary units. Here, the ruler is
marked in centimeters (cm) along the top and in inches along the bottom.

https://rb.gy/m8gopa
The marks or intervals on a ruler are called hash marks.
Measuring Objects using a Ruler: 
To measure the length of an object, place the zero hash mark of the ruler exactly along one end of the
object. Align the object you are measuring along the edge of the ruler. Note the hash mark on the ruler
along which the other side of the object ends.
Here, the shoelace is 17.6cms long in metric units of length, and 7 inches long in customary units of
length. 

 Protractor is used for measuring and setting of angles other than those obtainable with the
triangles.

Figure below can be measured and drawn using a protractor

 Compass - A compass and a protractor are two of the most basic tools used in geometry. Along
with a ruler, they are the tools most students are expected to master. Once the basic techniques
are understood, you can use a compass and protractor for many different purposes, including
drawing regular polygons, bisecting lines and angles, and drawing and dividing circles.
Figure out how your compass makes marks. A compass has two arms, one of which generally
ends in a metal point. The other arm should have a place to attach a pencil, or a small pencil
lead that fits into the end of the arm. Sharpen the pencil or use sandpaper to file a compass lead
to a fine point.
Draw a circle with the compass. Place the metal point in the approximate middle of a piece of
paper gently, trying not to poke through the paper. Holding this point steady, bring the pencil end
of the compass down and rotate the compass, drawing the pencil end in a circle around the point
and creating a perfect circle.

 T-Square - A t square is a measuring device, much like that of a ruler that is utilized in technical
drawing such as drafting floor plans over the drawing board. A t square is a very important
instrument for engineers, architects and illustrators alike. This instrument is one of the most basic
drawing tools in order to create plans for buildings, landscapes, houses, and the like.

T - SQUARE

 Triangular scale - A triangular scale is a ruler that has a 3-lobed cross-section with 6 different
types of scales on the edges (2 on each face) used for measuring and preparing scale drawings
such as blueprints and maps. It is also called an architect’s scale. Some types have a bamboo core
and are coated with other material on the surface. Others are made of synthetic resin or aluminum.
But they are usually 15cm or 30cm long. They should not be confused with set squares (triangular
squares) which have a different shape and function altogether.
  Tape or tape ruler - A tape measure is a portable measurement device used to quantify the size of
an object or the distance between objects. The tape is marked along the tape edge in inches and
fractional inches, typically in quarter-, eight-, sixteenth-inch increments.
Tape measures are relatively safe and easy to use. Extend the tape from point to point placing the
end-clip at the location you want to measure from. Most tape measures have a clip that can be
attached to a fixed object to measure spans easily. Many steel blade tapes have tension-control
brakes that lock the blade in place for measuring spans. Longer tapes have a crank on the side of
the case to retract the cloth tape.

Inches designationOn a tape

measure that uses imperial units –
as opposed to the metric system –
the most prominent markings are
typically the inch marks, designated
by long, thin lines and larger
numbers. You will see a foot
designation marked every 12 inches
(sometimes in a box as in the
picture, or sometimes thenumber will https://rb.gy/
be shown in red) orledt

Metric tape measure - centimeters,

and millimeters. Numbers shown
represent meters, decimeters
(sometimes shown in red-see
example picture), and centimeters.
Metric is based on ‘tens’. There are
10 decimeters in a meter, 10
centimeters in a decimeter, and 10
millimeters in a centimeter.

Summary
T-Square is used as guide in drawing horizontal lines and in measuring up to 48” straight line.
Triangles are used for drawing vertical and oblique lines. The most commonly used triangles are the
45 and the 30x 60.
Ruler is the most popular type of measuring tool. It is usually 6 or 12 inches’ in length. It is needed for
measuring sizes and distances.
Triangular Scale is used in general drawing. Its main purpose is to reproduce the dimension in full
size or to reduce or enlarge them on a drawing.
Protractor is used for measuring and setting of angles other than those obtainable with the triangles.
Tape or tape ruler is a concave, spring-steel blade ranging from 1/4" to 1" wide and 6 to about 300
feet in length, coiled inside a carrying case.
Compass is used to draw circles, arcs, radii, and parts of many symbols.
Divider is similar to the compass in construction. As the name implies, divider is used for dividing
distances into a number of equal parts by the trial-and-error method
 Technology and Livelihood Education 8
Technical Drafting
Module 5 – Week 5

NAME: ____________________________________ GRADE & SECTION: _______________

I. ASESSMENT
Multiple Choice Direction. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Encircle your answer.
1. These are used for the purpose of measuring dimensions.
A. Cutting Tools B. Measuring Tools C. Lining Tools D. Testing Tools
2. This is used as guide in drawing horizontal lines.
A. Ruler B. Scale C. Triangle D. T- Square
3. Which of the following instrument is used to draw circles, arcs, radii, and parts of many symbols?
A. Compass B. Divider C. Protractor D. Tape ruler
4. It is a concave, spring-steel blade ranging from 1/4" to 1" wide and 6 to about 300 feet in length
A. Meter stick B. Tape ruler C. Triangle D. Ruler
5. It helps a drafter keep the proportions accurate.
A. Ruler B. Scale C. Triangle D. T- Square
6. Which of these measuring tool used to layout an angle or an arc?
A. Compass B. Divider C. Protractor D. Tape ruler
7. Which of the following tool is the most popular type of measuring tool, usually 6 or 12 inches in length?
A. Tape ruler B. Triangle C. Ruler D. Scale
8. Its main purpose is to reproduce, reduce or enlarge the dimension of size on a drawing.
A. Tape ruler B. Triangle C. Ruler D. Scale
9. It is used for drawing vertical and oblique lines.
A. Ruler B. Scale C. Triangle D. T- Square
10. It provides an easy means for accurately measuring curved surfaces.
A. Compass B. Divider C. Protractor D. Tape ruler

B. TEXT TWIST
Directions: Under column A are disarranged words or words of different forms used in drafting when
requesting, receiving and inspecting needed materials, tools and instruments. Arrange it to form the correct
word or words.
Column A Column B
ROIFYVT MNOENF 11. ________________________________
RLVCDPYT EEEEIIR 12. ________________________________
PRESO ROBRWIL 13. ________________________________
SODEAR CUPREAH 14. ________________________________
FITIMEON SIRUROQ 15. ________________________________
C. FILL IN THE BLANKS
Directions: Accomplish the table.

WORD DEFINITION

Custodianship 16.

Property Custodianship 17.

Inventory 18.

Inventory form 19.

Inspection 20.

II. WRITTEN WORKS

Direction. Enumerate what is being asked. Write your answer inside the box. You will be rated by the given
rubric (10 points)

Criteria Score Students score

Student enumerated all the inspection procedures for specific item. 10

Student enumerated 3 inspection procedures for specific item. 8

Student enumerated 2 inspection procedures for specific item. 6

Student enumerated 1 inspection procedures for specific item. 5

No answer 0

 Inspection procedures for specific item

 III. PERFORMANCE TASKS
Directions: Answer the following scenario. Write your answer inside the box. You will be rated by the given
rubric (10 points)

Criteria Standard Score Score

It is convincing and consistent manner 5

Well prepared and organized 3

It is clearly explained 2

Total 10

 Why is it important to observe protocols on retrieving tools and equipment?