Phy Abhi. - X
Phy Abhi. - X
Phy Abhi. - X
M RESIDENTIAL
ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL
Mount Sinai, Parasuvaikal.P.O
(Senior Secondary)
(Affiliated to C.B.S.E Aff.No.SS-00043-1112/930684/2013/930684/2011)
INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
IN
PHYSICS
"INTERNAL RESISTANCE"
Class: XII
Certified that this is a bonafide project work done by me during the periods 2022-2023.
INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVE
APPARATUS
THEORY
PROCEDURE
OBSERVATIONS
CONCLUSION OF EXPERIMENT
SOURCE OF ERROR
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
In today's busy lifestyle an irreplaceable object of
superficial importance is the cell or battery. Battery was
discovered in 1799 by Alessandro Volta. Battery or cell is
also known as voltaic cell. It has been of utmost
importance since as it gives us the chance to transport
small amount of electricity.
є =V++V-
We know
є =V++V-
R is finite and l = 0
V=[(V+)+(V-)] -Ir
= єo- lr
Ie; є >> Ir
We know
V = єo- lr
On comparing
I= єo/(r+R)
1. Primary cell
2. Secondary cell
Primary cell
Its discovery and modification stated since Alessandro
i. Leclanche cell
LECLANCHE CELL
1. Container-Glass vessel
solution
4. Electrode-
4.Electrodes-
These are costly to start with but in the long run they
prove to be cheap as their components are not be
replaced. They are simply recharged at nominal cost.
1. Lead-Acid accumulator
2. Nickel-Iron accumulator
LEAD-ACID ACCUMULATOR
It is also called lead sulphuric acid cell
3. Electrodes –
R=[(L1-L2)R]/L1
10. Remove the plug key at K1 and K2. Wait for some
times and for the same value of current (as shown by the
ammeter), repeat the step 7.
STEP-2
STEP-3
STEP-4
STEP-5
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Observation
E=1.1 V
Temperature-30°C
Emf of cell-1.1V
www.wekipedia.com
www.googleimages.com