Module 11
General and Standard form of
Quadratic Function
What I Need To Know
•transform the quadratic function defined by (y=ax^2+bx+c) into the form
y=x^2-4x+3
y=A(x-h)^2+k
y=A(x-(-4))^2+3
y=A(x+4)^2+3
y=A(x-2)(x+2)^2+3
y=A(x+2)^3-4A(x+2)+3
y=x^2-4x+3
General: F(x)=Ax^2+Bx+C
Standard form: F(x)=a(x-h)^2+k
In this equation, A=1, h=-2, C=3
y=x^2-4x+3
y=1(x-2)^2+3
y=1(x+2)^2+3
y=[1(x+2)]^2+3
Module 12
Graphs of Quadratic Functions
What I Need To Know
•graph a quadratic function: (a) domain; (b) range; (c) intercepts; (d) axis of symmetry;
(e) vertex; (f) direction of the parabola.
The graph of f(x)=x^2-4x+3
General: F(x)=Ax^2+Bx+C
Standard: F(x)=a(x-h)^2+k
f(x)=1(x+4)^2+3
x^2-4x+3+3=8x+24
y=2(x-3)(x+4)
In this situation, there are 2 points of intersection with x: x=3 and x=-4.
The graph of this equation:
(0,12), (1,7)
(2,9)
(3,16)
(4,24)
(5,30)
Module 13
The Effects of a, h and k in the
Graph of Quadratic Function
What I Need To Know
•analyze the effects of changing the values of a, h and k in the equation y=a(x-h)^2+k in
the equation y=a(x-h)^2+k of a quadratic function on its graph.
y = 2x2
Vertex: (0,0)
Axis of symmetry: x = 0
Opening of graph: Up ward
Module 14a
Finding the Equation of a
Quadratic Function Given Table
of Values
What I Need To Know
• determine the equation of a quadratic function given a table of values.
Module 14b
Finding the Equation of a
Quadratic Function Given the
Graph
What I Need To Know
• determine the equation of a quadratic function given the graph.
and (3,5) as one point (x, y);
Solve for a,
y = a(x – h)2 + k
5 = a(3 – 1)2 – 3
5 = a(1)2 – 3
5 = a(1) – 3
5=a–3
5 + 3 = a or a = 8
Substitute 8 for a, and (1,-3) for (h, k) in the standard form
y = a(x-h)2 + k, so
y = 8(x – 1)2 – 3
or in general form, y = ax2 + bx + c
y = 8(x2 – 2x + 1) – 3
y = 8x2 – 16x + 8 – 3
y = 8x2 – 16x + 5
Module 14c
Finding the Equation of a
Quadratic Function Given the
Zeros
What I Need To Know
• determine the equation of a quadratic function given the zeros.
Derive the quadratic function, given the zeros -2 and 3.
Solution:
If the zeros are -2 and 3, then
x = -2 and x = 3
It follows that
x + 2 = 0 or x - 3 = 0, then
(x + 2) (x – 3) = 0
x2 – x – 6 = 0
The equation of the quadratic function f(x) = (x2 – x – 6) is not unique since
there are other quadratic functions whose zeros are -2 and 3 like
f(x) = 2x2 -2x -12, f(x) = 3x2 – 3x – 18 and many more. These equations of
functions are obtained by multiplying the right-hand side of the equation
by a nonzero constant. Thus, the answer is f(x) = a(x2 – x – 6) where a is
any nonzero constant.
Alternative method of finding the quadratic function given its zeros:
Using sum and product of roots
Recall the formula in finding the equation of the quadratic equation given
the roots:
2. Find the quadratic function with zeros 8 and 5.
Solution:
Let x2 - (sum of roots)x + product of roots = 0. If 8 and 5 are the
zeros, then
sum of roots → 8 + 5 = 13 and
product of roots →8(5) = 40
Hence, x2 – 13x + 40 = 0.
Thus, f(x) = a(x2 – 13x + 40), where a is a nonzero constant.
3. Find the quadratic function whose zeros are 3 ± √2.
Solution:
Let x2 – (sum of roots)x + product of roots = 0. If 3 + √2
and 3 - √2 are the zeros, then
sum of roots → (3 + √2)+(3− √2) = (3 +3) + (√2− √2) = 6 + 0 = 6
product of roots → (3 + √2)(3− √2) = 9 – 3√2 + 3√2 − √4 = 9 – 2 = 7
Substitute the result to x2 – (sum of roots)x + product of roots = 0
x2 – (6)x + 7 = 0
Hence, x2 – 6x + 7 = 0
Thus, f(x) = a(x2 – 6x + 7), where a is a nonzero constant.
Module 15
Problems Involving Quadratic
Functions
What I Need To Know
• solve problems involving quadratic function.
The maximum height reached by the object is the ordinate of the vertex of
the parabolaof the function S(t) = 80t – 16𝑡2. By transforming this equation
into the completedsquare form, we have
The vertex is (5/2 , 100). Thus, the maximum height reached by the object is 100 ft from
the top of the building. This is 196 ft from the ground./
Module 1
Illustrating Situations That
Involves The Different
Variations
What I Need To Know
• illustrate situations that involve the following variations: (a) direct; (b) inverse; (c)
joint; (d) combined.
Module 2
Translating Variation Statements
What I Need To Know
• translate into variation statement a relationship between two quantities given by: (a)
a table of values; (b) a mathematical equation; (c) a graph, and vice versa.
A. The fare F of a passenger varies directly as the distance d of his
destination. Answer: 𝐹 = 𝑘𝑑
B. The cost C of fish varies directly as its weight w in kilograms. Answer: 𝐶
= 𝑘𝑤
C. An employee’s salary S varies directly as the number of days d he has
worked. Answer: 𝑆 = 𝑘𝑑
D. The area A of a square varies directly as the square of its side s.
Answer: 𝐴 = 𝑘𝑠
Module 3
Solving Problems Involving
Variations
What I Need To Know
• solve problem involving variations
The circumference of a circle varies directly with its
diameter. If the circumference of 7-diameter circle is 7,
what is the circumference of the circle whose diameter is
10cm? 15 cm?
Solution:
The statement “ The circumference of a circle varies directly with its
diameter.” can be expressed as c kd . Substituting the given values of
c and d in the equation:
Therefore, c kd can be expressed as c d by substituting in place
of k. To solve for c:
when d 10 cm,
c (10)
c 10cm
when d 15 cm,
c (15)
c 15cm
Therefore, if the circumference of a circle varies directly as its
diameter, then when the diameter of the circle is 7 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm,
the
corresponding circumference is 7cm, 10cm, 15cm.
Module 4
Positive and Negative Integral
Exponents
What I Need To Know
• apply the laws involving positive integral exponents to zero and negative integral
exponents.
a. Multiplication: am. an = am+n
Examples:
1.) 23. 23 = 23+3 Add the exponents
= 26
= [Link].2.2 26 in factored form
= 64
2.) a4. a-3 = a4 + (-3) Add exponents
= a1 or a
b. Powers of Power: (am)n = amn
Examples:
1.) (22)2 = 22(2) Get the product of the exponents
= 24
= [Link] 24 in factored form
= 16
2.) (32)2 = 32(2) Get the product of the exponents
= 34
= [Link] 34 in factored form
= 81
c. Division: am÷ an = am-n
Examples:
1.) 85÷ 83 = 85-3 Subtract the exponents
= 82
= 8. 8 82 in factored form
= 64
2.) (2)−3 ÷ (2)2 = 2−3−2 Subtract the exponents
= 2−5
= 125 make the exponent positive
= [Link].2 125 in factored form
= 1 32
3.) 67 ÷67 = 67-7 = 60 = 1 Subtract the exponents
4.) 15a6÷ 3a6 = 5a6-6 Divide the numerical coefficients and
subtract the exponents
= 5a0 = 5(1) = 5
5.) x7y4÷ x4y2 = 𝑥7−4 𝑦4−2 Subtract the exponents of expressions
having the same base
= x3y2
Module 5
Simplifying Expressions with
Rational Exponents
What I Need To Know
• simplify expressions with rational exponents.
y=x^1/2-2x^3/4+x
Simplify: (x^1/2)^3-(2x^3/4)^2+x
(x^1/2)^3-(2x^3/4)^2+x=0
(2x^1/2)(x^1/2)(x^1/2)-(8x^6/16)^2+x
2x+2x+x=0
(2x+1)^3
(2x+1)(2x+1)(2x+1)
2x^3+4x^2+2x
2x^3+4x^2+2x=2^3(x+1/2)^3
2(x+1/2)=2^((x+1/2)/3)
x+1/2=2^(((x+1/2)/3)
