ECM 366 | EC110 5H

INDEX

Item Pages

Introduction 2

Basic concepts 3-5

Method 6-9

Analysis 10

Results 11

Discussion 12

Conclusion 13

References 13

Appendix 14

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT : TAKING OFF BEAM | 1

 ECM 366 | EC110 5H

INTRODUCTION

This assignment will involve creating a taking off sheet and bill of quantities for the
ground beams of a proposed residential complex construction project. The taking off sheet will
quantify the materials required for the ground beams, including the amount of reinforcing steel,
concrete, and formwork needed. The bill of quantities will then use this information to estimate
the cost of the ground beams, including the cost of materials, and other expenses.

The purpose of this assignment is to calculate the amount of materials needed and the
total cost of construction of the beams (A/1-2) and (B/2-4) that are shown below :

The dimensions for the beam are 200 x 450mm (A/1-2) and 200 x 400mm (B/2-4).
Reinforcement used in the beams are 2T16 (A/1-2), 2T16 (B/2-4) bottom reinforcement and
2T12 (B/2-4) top reinforcement. The links specification for the beams are R10-200 (A/1-2) and
R10-250 (B/2-4). The Grade of concrete used in this project is Grade 30 and the thickness of
the formworks is 38mm and the nominal concrete cover is 25mm.

The task will require reviewing the project plans, identifying the materials required and
quantifying them, and creating a detailed list of everything that is required to complete the
ground beams. Then, using this information, you will create a bill of quantities that estimates the
cost of the ground beams. It's important to keep in mind any potential challenges or limitation
that we discussed in the previous answers, and relate them to the main question of this task.

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 ECM 366 | EC110 5H

BASIC CONCEPTS
TAKING OFF SHEET FOR BEAM A/1-2

TIMESING DIMENSION SQUARRING DESCRIPTION

(i) Concrete volume

1/ Length 11.5
11.7 add (+)
0.2 2(1/2)(column)
0.45 2 (1/2)(0.2) 0.2
1.053 m^3 11.7

(ii) Formwork

1/ A. Outerside
11.7 Length 11.5
0.45 add (+)
5.27 m^2 2(1/2)(column) 0.2
11.7

1/ B. Innerside
11.3 Length 11.5
0.45 less (-)
5.09 m^2 2(1/2)(column)
2(1/2)(0.2) 0.2
11.3

(iii) Reinforcement

A. Top 2T16
1/ Length 11.5
2/ 11.826 add (+)
2(1/2)(0.2) 0.2
23.652 m less (-) 2 cover
(-) 2(0.025) 0.05
add (+) 2(5.5d)
(+) 2(5.5)(0.016) 0.176
11.826

B. Bottom 2T16
1/ Length 11.5
2/ 11.826 add (+)
2(1/2)(0.2) 0.2
23.652 m less (-) 2 cover
(-) 2(0.025) 0.05
add (+) 2(5.5d)
(+) 2 (5.5)(0.016) 0.176
11.826

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 ECM 366 | EC110 5H

(iv) Link R10-200

1/ Length 0.45
58/ less (-) 2 cover
1.34 (-) 2(0.025) 0.05
77.72 m 0.4
2(0.4) 0.8

Length 0.2
less (-) 2 cover
(-) 2(0.025) 0.05
0.15
2(0.15) 0.3

Total length (0.8+0.3) 1.1

add (+) 2 hook (12d)
2(12)(0.01) 0.24
1.34
No of R10
11.3+1
0.2 57.5 = 58

TAKING OFF SHEET FOR BEAM B/2-4

TIMESING DIMENSION SQUARRING DESCRIPTION

(i) Concrete volume
1/
11.2 Length 11
0.2 add (+)
0.4 2(1/2)(column)
0.896 m^3 2 (1/2)(0.2) 0.2
11.2

(ii) Formwork

1/ A. Outerside
11.2 Length 11
0.4 add 2(1/2)(column) 0.2
4.48 m^2 11.2

1/ B. Innerside
10.8 Length 11
0.4 less (-)
4.32 m^2 2(1/2)(column)
2(1/2)(0.2) 0.2
10.8

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 ECM 366 | EC110 5H

(iii) Reinforcement
A. Top 2T12
1/ Length 11
2/ add (+)
11.762 2(1/2)(0.2) 0.2
23.524 m less (-) 2 cover
(-) 2(0.025) 0.05
add (+) 2(5.5d)
(+) 2(5.5)(0.012) 0.132
add (+) lapping (40d)
(+) 40(0.012) 0.48
11.762

B. Bottom 2T16
1/ Length 11
2/ add (+)
11.966 2(1/2)(0.2) 0.2
23.932 m less (-) 2 cover
(-) 2(0.025) 0.05
add (+) 2(5.5d)
(+) 2 (5.5)(0.016) 0.176
add (+) lapping (40d)
(+) 40(0.016) 0.64
11.966

(iv) Link R10-250

1/ Length 0.4
44/ less (-) 2 cover
1.24 (-) 2 (0.025) 0.05
54.56 m 0.35
2(0.35) 0.7

Length 0.2
less (-) 2 cover
(-) 2 (0.025) 0.05
0.15
2(0.15) 0.3

Total length (0.7+0.3) 1

add (+) 2 hook (12d)
2(12)(0.01) 0.24
1.24
No of R10
10.8+1
0.25 44.2 = 44

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 ECM 366 | EC110 5H

METHOD

DRAWING FOR BEAM A/1-2

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 ECM 366 | EC110 5H

DRAWING FOR BEAM B/2-4

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 ECM 366 | EC110 5H

MEASUREMENT PROCESS

In construction projects, it is crucial to have an accurate measurement process to

determine the amount of materials needed for the ground beams. In this essay, we will describe
a measurement process that is consistent with the methods and objectives outlined in the
introduction of the proposed residential complex construction project. This process involves
thoroughly reviewing the project plans, identifying the materials required, measuring the beams,
calculating the volume of the beams, determining the amount of reinforcing steel required,
calculating the amount of concrete required, creating a detailed list of everything required, and
using this information to create a bill of quantities.

The first step in the measurement process is to thoroughly review the project plans,
including any architectural, structural, and electrical drawings. This will provide a clear
understanding of the specific dimensions, reinforcement, and other specifications for the beams.
By reviewing the project plans, we can identify all the materials required for the ground beams,
including the amount of reinforcing steel, concrete, and formwork needed.

The next step is to measure the length, width and depth of the beams. This step is very
important as it is the foundation of the calculation process. It is important to measure the beams
twice or even more to ensure the accuracy of the results. This will allow us to calculate the
volume of the beams which is essential for determining the amount of concrete required.

Once we have the measurements, we can use them to calculate the volume of the
beams. For example, if the length of the beam is 200mm, the width is 450mm and the depth is
400mm, the volume of the beam is 200 x 450 x 400 = 36,000,000 mm^3. With this information,
we can then determine the amount of reinforcing steel required using the dimensions and
reinforcement specifications for the beams.

The next step is to calculate the amount of concrete required. This is done by using the
volume of the beams and the dimensions of the formwork. It is important to take into
consideration the thickness of the formwork and the nominal concrete cover. With this
information, we can create a detailed list of everything required for the construction of the
ground beams, including the amount of reinforcing steel, concrete, and formwork needed.

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 ECM 366 | EC110 5H

Finally, we use this information to create a bill of quantities that estimates the cost of the
ground beams, including the cost of materials and other expenses. This bill of quantities will be
an important tool for the project management to evaluate the project budget and check if the
project will be profitable or not.

By following this measurement process, we are able to accurately determine the amount
of materials required for the ground beams in a residential complex construction project, and to
create a bill of quantities that accurately estimates the cost of the beams. This process is
consistent with the methods and objectives outlined in the introduction, as it involves thoroughly
reviewing the project plans, identifying the materials required, measuring the beams, calculating
the volume of the beams, determining the amount of reinforcing steel required, calculating the
amount of concrete required, creating a detailed list of everything required, and using this
information to create a bill of quantities. By having an accurate measurement process, we can
ensure that the construction project will be completed on time, within budget, and to the desired
standards.

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 ECM 366 | EC110 5H

ANALYSIS

The cost of construction for beam A/1-2 and beam B/2-4 is calculated using a table of
Bill of Quantities (BoQ). In this table, the amount of materials required for the beams is
quantified, including the volume of concrete, the area of formwork, and the length of reinforcing
steel and links.

To calculate the volume of concrete needed for the beams, the concrete volume for each
beam was added together, resulting in a total of 1.949 m^3. The formwork for both the outer and
inner sides of the two beams was also combined, yielding a total area of 19.16 m^2.

The reinforcing steel for the beams was calculated by adding together the lengths of
both the top and bottom reinforcement T16 for the two beams, resulting in a total of 71.236 m.
For beam B/2-4, the top reinforcement T16 was 23.524 m. The links R10-200 were also
combined, yielding a total of 132.28 m.

It is important to note that the steel, including the reinforcement and links, must be
converted from meters to kilograms using the formula: π x r^2 x length (m) x density of steel
(7850 kg/m^3), and then added into the BoQ table. Therefore, the reinforcement T12 was
converted from 23.524 m to 20.88 kg, reinforcement T16 was converted from 71.236 m to 112.4
kg and link R10 was converted from 132.28 m to 81.5 kg. All this information can now be added
into the Bill of Quantities (BoQ) table and be used to estimate the total cost of construction for
the beams.

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 ECM 366 | EC110 5H

RESULTS

BILL OF QUANTITIES FOR BEAM A/1-2 AND BEAM B/2-4

ITEM DESCRIPTION QUANTITY UNIT RATE (RM) AMOUNT

(A/1-2 + B/2-4) (RM)
1 Concrete volume 1.949 m^cu 255 497.25
(Grade 30)
(0.896 + 1.053)

2 Formwork 19.16 m^sq 50 958.00

A. Outerside
(5.27 + 4.48)
B. Innerside
(5.09 + 4.32)

3 Reinforcement 2T16 112.4 kg 2.66 298.98

(71.236)

4 Reinforcement 2T12 20.88 kg 2.81 59.01

(23.524)

5 Link R10-200 81.5 kg 2.81 229.16

(77.72 + 54.56)

TOTAL AMOUNT 2042.40

Hence, the total amount for beam A/1-2 and beam B/2-4 is RM2042.40.

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 ECM 366 | EC110 5H

DISCUSSION

The purpose of this assignment was to create a taking off sheet and bill of quantities for
the ground beams of a proposed residential complex construction project. The taking off sheet
quantified the materials required for the ground beams, including the amount of reinforcing
steel, concrete, and formwork needed. The bill of quantities then used this information to
estimate the cost of the ground beams, including the cost of materials, and other expenses.

The dimensions of the beams were 200 x 450mm (A/1-2) and 200 x 400mm (B/2-4). The
reinforcement used in the beams were 2T16 (A/1-2) for bottom and 2T16 (B/2-4) for bottom and
2T12 (B/2-4) for top reinforcement. The links specification for the beams were R10-200 (A/1-2)
and R10-250 (B/2-4). The Grade of concrete used in this project was Grade 30 and the
thickness of the formworks was 38mm and the nominal concrete cover was 25mm.

Using this information, the taking off sheet was able to determine the amount of
materials needed for the ground beams, including the amount of reinforcing steel, concrete, and
formwork. The bill of quantities then used this information to estimate the cost of the ground
beams, including the cost of materials and other expenses.

One of the challenges encountered during this process was accurately determining the
amount of materials needed for the ground beams. This required a thorough review of the
project plans, as well as a clear understanding of the specific dimensions, reinforcement, and
other specifications for the beams. Additionally, ensuring that the cost estimates were accurate
and realistic was another challenge.

To overcome these challenges, careful attention was paid to the project plans, and the
specific dimensions, reinforcement, and other specifications for the beams were taken into
account when determining the amount of materials needed. Additionally, to ensure that the cost
estimates were accurate, current market prices for materials were consulted, and any potential
changes in cost were taken into account.

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 ECM 366 | EC110 5H

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, this assignment successfully created a taking off sheet and bill of
quantities for the ground beams of a proposed residential complex construction project. The
taking off sheet quantified the materials required for the ground beams, including the amount of
reinforcing steel, concrete, and formwork needed. The bill of quantities then used this
information to estimate the cost of the ground beams, including the cost of materials, and other
expenses. The final calculations for the materials and cost match the assumption and prediction
which is RM2042.40.

This task required a thorough review of the project plans, as well as a clear
understanding of the specific dimensions, reinforcement, and other specifications for the beams.
Additionally, ensuring that the cost estimates were accurate and realistic was another challenge.
With careful attention paid to these details and by consulting current market prices for materials,
the final taking off sheet and bill of quantities were accurate and realistic. For future
improvements, it is recommended to consider any new technologies or techniques that may
help in more precise calculations and reduction in cost.

REFERENCES

1. Quantity Surveyor Online (2022). “Building Materials Prices”,

http://quantitysurveyoronline.com.my/materials-prices.html, Retrieved on 09/01/2023

2. Wan Zukri bin Wan Abdullah (2022). Test 1 ECM 366 December 2022 UiTM Cawangan
Pahang Kampus Jengka, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam, pp - 6.

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 ECM 366 | EC110 5H

APPENDIX

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 ECM 366 | EC110 5H

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