ADVANCED AUTOCAD

LABORATORY MANUAL
For

I YEAR II SEMESTER DIPLOMA

(Common to all branches)

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ANURAG ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(II-Shift Polytechnic)
Ananthagiri (Village & Mandal), Suryapet (Dt), Telangana.
ANURAG Engineering College

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Layers
2. Working with blocks and Attributes
3. Viewing entities in Three Dimensions
4. Create 3D entities using different methods.
5. Editing in Three Dimensions
6. Edit Three Dimensional solids
7. 3D CAD Drawings
8. Practice exercises 3D drawings
9. Practice the selection of material from library

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LAYERS

Aim: To study the AutoCAD layers in detail

Requirements:

1. AUTOCAD software
2.Computer setup

AutoCAD Layers:

The Layer command is a very important tool of AutoCAD. It lets you create layers to separate
your drawing objects. Layers are used to group, change the visibility and to control objects.
Layers allow you to easily control properties of a group of objects; line-weight, color, line-type.
Layers allow you to turn object or group of objects off, both on screen and on the plot.
Each layer you create has its own associated properties that are unique to that layer. A list of
things you can do using layers:
Control objects by locking and unlocking layers so they are not accidentally modified.
Allow layers to be plotted or not.
Create as many layers as you want.

Group layers by colors, line types, names, etc... Also, you can create a group filter inside the
layer manager that can be saved within the drawings so other sharing users can use it later.
• Isolate layers and objects with the same properties in the drawing space. For example, you
want to show only walls and hide all doors
• Change the visibility of drawing layouts.

• Turn on or off, freeze or thaw layers in model space or in the viewport layouts in paper space.

• Globally change objects properties.

Steps to create a layer:

1. Type LAYER in the command line or select from the layer toolbar.

2. By default AutoCAD will name the layer “layer1”.

3. Double click and rename it.

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4. In the right column you can assign color, line type to the layer, freeze or thaw it.

5. Select the object in the drawing to which the layer will be assigned.

6. Click on the layer icon bar and select the appropriate layer.

Layer Settings:

The following are the most commonly used layer settings in the Layer Properties Manager. You
click the icon to turn the setting on and off.

Turn off layers. You turn off layers to reduce the visual complexity of your drawing while you
work.

Freeze layers: You freeze layers that you do not need to access for a while. Freezing layers is
similar to turning them off, but improves performance in very large drawings.

Lock layers: You lock layers when you want to prevent accidental changes to the objects on
those layers. Also, the objects on locked layers appear faded, which helps reduce the visual
complexity of your drawing, but still lets you see the objects faintly.

Set default properties: You set the default properties for each layer, including color, linetype, line
weight, and transparency. New objects that you create will use these properties unless you
override them. Overriding layer properties is explained later in this topic.

Result: We studied about AutoCAD layers and practiced with an example.

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EXAMPLE:

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WORKING WITH BLOCKS AND ATTRIBUTES

Aim: To study the Working with blocks and attributes.

Requirements:

1. AUTOCAD software
2. Computer setup

Create a Blocks
Create the objects you want to use in the block definition.
Click Insert tab Block Definition panel Create Block. ...
In the Block Definition dialog box, enter a block name in the Name box.
Under Objects, select Convert to Block. ...
Under Base Point and Objects, make sure Specify On-screen is not selected.
Select Objects.

Inserting Blocks

1. Choose Insert, Insert Block or

2. Click the Insert icon from the INSERT toolbar.
3. Type INSERT at the command prompt. Command: INSERT
4. Choose the name to insert a local block and Browse...to insert a Wblock.
5. Choose the insertion point, scale, and rotation of the block.

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Typing Insert (-INSERT)

1. Type INSERT at the command prompt. Command: -INSERT

2. Type Block name to insert. Insert block name or (?) type name
3. Pick An insertion
Point. Insertion
point: pick point
4. Press ENTER to keep the same x scale factor as the original block.
5. Press ENTER to keep the same x scale factor as the original block.
6. Press ENTER to keep a rotation angle of zero. Rotation angle: or
7. Pick A rotation angle.

Defining Attributes

1. Choose Draw, Block, Define Attributes... or

2. Type ATTDEF at the command prompt. Command: ATTDEF

3. Choose TAG to specify each attribute occurrence in the drawing.

4. Choose Prompt to fill in the prompt that the user sees when placing the attribute.

5. Choose Value to fill in a default value.

6. Pick An insertion point for each attribute

7. Create a block which includes the new attributes.

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Toggle the following mode settings to on or off .

Invisible Does not display, but allows extraction.

Constant All occurrences of this Attribute have the same value.

Verify Issues extra prompts to verify a proper value.

Preset Does not prompt for this Attribute during Block insertion

Editing Attributes:
1. Choose Modify, Object, Attribute, Single... or

2. Click the Edit Attribute icon from the Modify II Toolbar. Or

3. Type ATTEDIT at the command prompt Command: ATTEDIT

4. Pick The block to edit and Select block: pick

Block Attribute Manager

1. Open a drawing with attributes.

2. Type BATTMAN at the command prompt. Command: BATTMAN or

3. Choose Modify, Object, Attribute, Block Attribute Manager or

4. Click the Block Attribute Manager icon from the Modify II Toolbar

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Result: We studied and practiced about AutoCAD blocks and attributes practiced with an
example.

EXAMPLE:

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VIEWING ENTITIES IN THREE DIMENSIONS

Aim: To study and practice the Viewing entities in three dimensions in AUTOCAD software.

Requirements:

1. AUTOCAD software
2. Computer setup
Procedure:

1. STEPS TO SET A NEW VIEWING DIRECTION IN 3D:

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STEPS TO DYNAMICALLY SET A VIEW DIRECTION:

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STEPS TO DRAW 2D ENTITIES IN 3D SPACE:

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Result: We studied and practiced about viewing entities in three dimensions in AUTOCAD
software.

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CREATE 3D ENTITIES USING DIFFERENT METHODS

Aim: To study or practice of creating 3D entities using different methods in AutoCAD software.

Requirements:

1. AutoCAD software
2. Computer setup
Procedure:

You can create three-dimensional entities using any of the following methods:
1. Draw two-dimensional entities in three-dimensional space.
2. Convert two-dimensional planar entities into three-dimensional entities by applying elevation
and thickness.
3. Convert two-dimensional planar entities into three-dimensional entities by revolving or
extruding.
4. Create three-dimensional entities such as boxes, cylinders, cones, domes, spheres, and wedges.

Convert 2d entities into 3d by applying thickness and elevation:

AutoCAD program creates new two-dimensional entities with a zero elevation and thickness.
The easiest way to create a three-dimensional entity is to change the elevation or thickness
property of an existing two-dimensional entity.
The elevation of an entity is its z-coordinate position in relation to the xy plane in which the
entity is drawn. An elevation of 0 indicates that the entity is drawn on the xy plane of the current
UCS. Positive elevations are above this plane; negative elevations are below it.

To set the current elevation

Do one of the following to choose Elevation:
On the ribbon, choose Draw > Elevation (in Settings).
On the menu, choose Format > Elevation.
On the Format toolbar, click the Elevation tool.
Type elev and then press Enter.
Specify the New Current Value for Elevation, and then press Enter.

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To set the current thickness

Do one of the following to choose Thickness:
On the ribbon, choose Draw > Thickness (in Settings).
On the menu, choose Format > Thickness.
On the Format toolbar, click the Thickness tool.
Type thickness and then press Enter.
Specify the New Current Value For Thickness, and then press Enter.
To set the current elevation and thickness using a dialog box
Do one of the following to choose Drawing Settings:
On the ribbon, choose Home > Drawing Settings (in Utilities) or choose Tools > Drawing
Settings (in Manage).
On the menu, choose Tools > Drawing Settings
On the Tools toolbar, click the Drawing Settings tool.
Type settings and then press Enter.
To change the thickness and elevation of an existing entity
Do one of the following to choose Properties:
On the ribbon, choose the Application button then choose Options, or choose Tools > Options (in
Manage).
On the menu, choose Modify > Properties.
On the Modify toolbar, click the Properties tool.
Type entprop and then press Enter.

Creating three-dimensional faces

You can create a three-dimensional face, which consists of a section of a plane in three-
dimensional space. You define a three-dimensional face by specifying the x,y,z coordinates of
three or more corners.
To create a three-dimensional face
On the ribbon, choose Draw 3D > 3D Face (in Draw 3D Meshes).
On the menu, choose Draw > 3D Meshes > Face.
On the Draw 3D Meshes toolbar, click the Face tool.
Type face and then press Enter.

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Specify the first point of the three-dimensional face.

Specify the second, third, and fourth points.
Specify the third and fourth points for additional faces.
To complete the command, press Enter.
Any or all edges of a three-dimensional face can be invisible to allow you to more accurately
model entities with holes in them.
Creating rectangular meshes
You can create a three-dimensional rectangular mesh consisting of four-sided polygons. You
determine the size of the mesh by specifying the number of vertices along the primary (M-
direction) and secondary (N-direction) mesh axes and then specifying the coordinates for each
vertex.
To create a rectangular mesh
Advanced experience level
Do one of the following to choose Mesh:
On the ribbon, choose Draw 3D > Meshes (in Draw 3D Meshes).
On the menu, choose Draw > 3D Meshes > Mesh.
On the Draw 3D Meshes toolbar, click the Mesh tool.
Type mesh and then press Enter.
Specify the number of vertices along the primary mesh axis.
Specify the number of vertices along the secondary mesh axis.
Specify the coordinates for each vertex.
Specifying the coordinates for the last vertex completes the mesh and ends the command.
Although creating rectangular meshes manually can be exacting, they are useful for representing
complex surfaces such as three-dimensional terrain models.

Creating ruled surface meshes

You can create a ruled surface, which is a three-dimensional polygon mesh that approximates the
surface between two existing entities. You select the two entities that define the ruled surface.
These entities can be arcs, circles, lines, points, or poly lines.

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To create a ruled surface mesh

Advanced experience level
Do one of the following to choose Ruled Surface:
On the ribbon, choose Draw 3D > Ruled Surface (in Draw 3D Meshes).
On the menu, choose Draw > 3D Meshes > Ruled Surface.
On the Draw 3D Meshes toolbar, click the Ruled Surface tool.
Type rulesurf and then press Enter.
Select the first defining entity.
Select the second defining entity.

Creating extruded surface meshes

You can create an extruded surface, which is a three-dimensional polygon mesh that
approximates the surface generated by extruding a path curve along a direction vector.
To create an extruded surface mesh
Advanced experience level
Do one of the following to choose Extruded Surface:
On the ribbon, choose Draw 3D > Extruded Surface (in Draw 3D Meshes).
On the menu, choose Draw > 3D Meshes > Extruded Surface.
On the Draw 3D Meshes toolbar, click the Extruded Surface tool.
Type tabsurf and then press Enter.
Select the entity to extrude.
Select the extrusion path.

Creating revolved surface meshes

You can create a surface of revolution, which is a three-dimensional polygon mesh that
approximates the surface generated by rotating a two-dimensional profile around an axis. You
select the two entities that define the profile and the axis. You also specify the starting angle and
the number of degrees to revolve the profile.

To create a revolved surface mesh

Advanced experience level
Do one of the following to choose Revolved Surface:

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On the ribbon, choose Draw 3D > Revolved Surface (in Draw 3D Meshes).
On the menu, choose Draw > 3D Meshes > Revolved Surface.
On the Draw 3D Meshes toolbar, click the Revolved Surface tool.
Type revsurf and then press Enter.
Select the entity to revolve.
Select the entity to be used as the axis of revolution.
Specify the starting angle.
Specify the number of degrees to revolve the entity.

Create 3-D entities:

BOX: This creates a three dimensional solid box. At the command prompt enter box Center/ :
Specify a point (1), enter c, or press enter Corner of a box Specifying a point or pressing defines
the first corner of the box. Cube/length /: specify a point (2) or enter an option center Creates the
box by a specified center point

CONE: This creates a 3D solid cone. A cone is solid primitive with a circular or elliptical based
tapering symmetrically to a point perpendicular to its base.
At the command prompt enter cone Elliptical /: specify a point, press enter

CYLINDER: This creates a 3D solid cylinder. A cylinder is solid primitive with a circular or
elliptical based to a point perpendicular to its base without a taper. At the command prompt enter
cylinder Elliptical /: specify a point , press enter

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SPHERE: This creates a 3D solid sphere. A sphere is positioned so that its central axis is parallel
to the Z-axis of the current UCS. Latitudinal lines are parallel to the XY plane. At the command
prompt enter sphere 21 CAD/CAM LAB MECH Center of the sphere : specify a point, enter e or
press enter

WEDGE: This creates a three dimensional solid with a sloped face tapering along X axis.
At the command prompt enter wedge Center : specify a point , press enter Follow the prompting

TORUS: Specify center point or [ 3P/ 2P/ TTR]: Specify a point (1) or or enter an option, create
a torus by specifying the center, then the radius or diameter of the torus, and then the radius or
diameter of the tube that surrounds the torus. You can control the smoothness of curved 3D
solids, such as a torus, in a shaded or hidden visual style with the FACETRES system variable.

PYRAMID: a pyramid is defined by the center of the base point, a point on the middle of the edge,
and another point that determines the height. Initially, the default base radius is not set to any

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value. During a drawing session, the default value for the base radius is always the previously
entered base radius value for any solid primitive.

Creating extruded solids

You can extrude the entity along a selected path, or you can specify its height and taper angle.
To create an extruded solid
Do one of the following to choose Extrude:
On the ribbon, choose Draw 3D > Extrude (in Draw 3D Solids).
On the menu, choose Draw > 3D Solids > Extrude.
On the Draw 3D Solids toolbar, click the Extrude tool.
Type extrude and then press Enter.
Select the entity to extrude.
Select the extrusion path, or specify the height

Creating revolved solids

You can create three-dimensional solids by revolving closed entities, such as polylines,
polygons, circles, ellipses, and regions. You can revolve the entity about a defined axis, line,
polyline, or two points.

To create a revolved solid

Do one of the following to choose Revolve:

• On the ribbon, choose Draw 3D > Revolve (in Draw 3D Solids).

• On the menu, choose Draw > 3D Solids > Revolve.
• On the Draw 3D Solids toolbar, click the Revolve tool.
• Types revolve and then press Enter.
• Select the entity to revolve.
• Do one of the following to define the axis of revolution:
• Specify a start point and an end point.
• Type o and press Enter to select an entity that determines the axis.
• Type x and press Enter to select the x-axis.
• Type y and press Enter to select the y-axis.
• Specify the angle of revolution.

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Creating composite solids

• You can create composite three-dimensional solids by combining, subtracting, and

finding the intersection of two or more solids.
• To combine solids
• Do one of the following to choose Union
• On the ribbon, choose Draw 3D > Union (in Solids Editing).
• On the menu, choose Modify > Solids Editing > Union.
• On the Solids Editing toolbar, click the Union tool.
• Type union and then press Enter.
• Select the entities to combine.

To subtract solids

• On the ribbon, choose Draw 3D > Subtract (in Solids Editing).

• On the menu, choose Modify > Solids Editing > Subtract.
• On the Solids Editing toolbar, click the Subtract tool.
• Type subtract and then press Enter.

To intersect solids
Do one of the following to choose Intersect:
On the ribbon, choose Draw 3D > Intersect (in Solids Editing).
On the menu, choose Modify > Solids Editing > Intersect.
On the Solids Editing toolbar, click the Intersect tool.

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Types intersect and then press Enter.

Select the entities to intersect.

Result: We studied and practiced creating 3D entities using different methods in AutoCAD
software.

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EDITING IN THREE DIMENSIONS

Aim: To study or practice 3-dimensional EDITING commands used in AutoCAD software.

Requirements:
1. AutoCAD software
2. Computer setup

List of 3D EDITING commands:

3D Rotate
Type 3DROTATE at the command prompt.
Command: 3DROTATE
Current positive angle in UCS: ANGDIR=counterclockwise
ANGBASE=0
Select objects: pick object and press enter
Specify base point: pick point
Pick a rotation axis: select X axis
Specify angle start point: -90

3DAlign
Type 3DALIGN at the command prompt.
Command: _3dalign
Select objects: pick and press enter
Specify source plane and orientation ...
Specify base point or [Copy]:
Specify second point or [Continue] <C>:
Specify third point or [Continue] <C>:
Specify destination plane and orientation ...
Specify first destination point:
Specify second destination point or [eXit] <X>:
Specify third destination point or [eXit] <X>:

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3D Mirror
Type MIRROR3D at the command prompt.
Command: mirror3D
Select objects: pick the circle
Select objects: enter
Specify first point of mirror plane (3 points) or
[Object/Last/Zaxis/View/XY/YZ/ZX/3points] <3points>: P1
Specify second point on mirror plane: P2
Specify third point on mirror plane: P3
Delete source objects? [Yes/No] <N>: enter

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3D Rectangular Array
Type 3DARRAY at the command prompt.
Command: 3darray
Select objects: pick object and press enter
Enter the type of array [Rectangular/Polar] <R>: R
Enter the number of rows (---) <1>: 3
Enter the number of columns (|||) <1>: 4
Enter the number of levels (...) <1>: 2
Specify the distance between rows (---): 5
Specify the distance between columns (|||): 4
Specify the distance between levels (...): 8

3D Polar Array
Type 3DARRAY at the command prompt.
Command: 3darray
Select objects: pick cube
Select objects: enter
Enter the type of array [Rectangular/Polar] <R>: P
Enter the number of items in the array: 5
Specify the angle to fill (+=ccw, -=cw) <360>: enter
Rotate arrayed objects? [Yes/No] <Y>: enter
Specify center point of array: mid of axis line
Specify second point on axis of rotation: pick

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Result: We practiced 3- dimensional Editing commands used in AutoCAD software.

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EDIT IN THREE DIMENSIONAL SOLIDS

Aim: To study or practice 3-dimensional solid commands used in AutoCAD software.

Requirements:
1. AutoCAD software
2. Computer setup

List of edit in 3D solids commands:

Section Command

Type SECTION at the command

prompt.Command: section
Select objects: pick solid and press enter
Specify first point on Section plane by
[Object/Zaxis/View/XY/YZ/ZX/3points] <3points>:
XYSpecify a point on the XY-plane <0,0,0>: MID of

Slice Command

Type SLICE at the command

prompt.Command: slice
Select objects to slice: 1 found
Specify start point of slicing plane or [planar
Object/Surface/Zaxis/View/XY/YZ/ZX/3points] <3points>:
YZSpecify a point on the YZ-plane <0,0,0>: MID of
Specify a point on desired side or [keep Both sides] <Both>:

HIDE Command

Type HIDE at the command prompt.

Command: hide

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Render Command

Type RENDER at the command prompt.

Creates a photorealistic or realistically shaded image of a three- dimensional wireframe or solid
model.
1. Open an AutoCAD drawing with 3D objects to render.
2. Choose View, Render, Render... or
3. Type RENDER at the command prompt. Command:
RENDER The following render window is the result of
default rendering
SHADING :You can plot a drawing that contains shaded 3D solids as it is displayed in
wireframe with hidden lines removed or as renderred

Result: We practiced 3- dimensional editing solid commands used in AutoCAD software.

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3D CAD DRAWINGS

AIM: To practice the 3D drawings in AutoCAD software.

Requirements: 1. Auto CAD software
2. Computer setup
Procedure:
1. Create the following circles using CIRCLE command from draw panel of home tab;
make sure circle with radius 2.5 units has its center on the circumference of the circle
with radius 26 units.
2. Select Polar Array from the Modify panel of Home tab and select two small circles on the
top of geometry. Now specify the center of the largest circle as the center of the array and
enter 4 in the Number of Items field.
3. Delete the biggest circle and select FILLET command now enter R on the command line
and type 7 as the fillet radius. Now apply this fillet at the intersections of the circle with
R2.5 and R22.5.
4. Trim all the geometries to make it look like the image below.

5. Type J on the command line and press enter then select complete geometry and press
enter again. This will join all external 2D segments into a single unit. You may need to
repeat the JOIN command couple of times to join the geometry completely.
6. Change view to southwest isometric and visual style to Shaded from Views and Visual
styles panel of Visualize tab.
7. Type PRESSPULL on the command line and click at a location inside the geometry,
make sure you are clicking inside the geometry and not on the geometry. Enter the height
of 3 units on the command line and press Enter again.
This command will add the thickness of 3 units to the 2D geometry which we have made
so far and your drawing will look like the image shown.
8. Create a circle of R17 on the top of the object made in previous step, but for making a
circle on top plane you need to make sure that dynamic UCS is turned on. Press F6 to
turn on dynamic UCS then select circle command and move your cursor to the top plane
and click at the center of geometry for circle’s center and enter a radius of 17 units and
press Enter again.

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9. Type EXT on the command line and press enter then select the circle we have drawn in
previous step and press enter again. Enter a height of 5.5 units and press enter again to
exit the extrude command.
10. Now create another circle of radius 14 units with the same center on top of geometry
which we have drawn in the previous step and extrude it by 3.5 units the same way we
did previously.

11. Now type UNION and Press ENTER then select complete geometry and press enter
again, this will ensure that all geometries get combined as a single unit.
12. Create a circle of R11 on the top most surface of the geometry. Now type PRESSPULL
on the command line and press Enter then click inside the circle of radius 11 units and
enter -12 as depth of geometry, this will make a hole in existing geometry.

13. Type F on the command line and press enter to start fillet command, type R on the
command line and enter a radius of 1.5 units for the fillet. Now select the edge between
the flat piece and the biggest cylinder as shown in the image below and press enter twice
to exit the command.

Result: We practiced CAD 3D drawings in AutoCAD software.

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Practice Exercises:

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PRACTICE THE SELECTION OF MATERIAL FROM LIBRARY

AIM: To study or practice the selection of materials from library in AutoCAD software.
Requirements: 1. Auto CAD software
2. Computer setup

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Result: We studied and practiced about the selection of materials from library in AutoCAD
software

Advanced AUTOCAD Lab