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INTERNAL VERIFICATION – ASSESSMENT DECISIONS
Programme title BTEC Higher National Diploma in Computing

Assessor Internal Verifier

Unit(s) Unit 11 : Maths for Computing

Assignment title Importance of Maths in the Field of Computing

Student’s name Abilash Suntharalingam – COL/A-069053

List which assessment Pass Merit Distinction
criteria the Assessor
has awarded.
INTERNAL VERIFIER CHECKLIST
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awarded match those shown in the Y/N
assignment brief?

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awarded justified by the assessor’s Y/N
comments on the student work?
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accurately?
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Give details:
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for improved performance?
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amending?
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0|Page Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

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1|Page Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

Higher Nationals – Summative Assignment Feedback Form

Student Name/ID Abilash Suntharalingam – COL/A-069053

Unit Title Unit 11 : Maths for Computing

Assignment Number 1 Assessor

30/07/2021 Date Received
Submission Date
1st submission
Date Received 2nd
Re-submission Date
submission
Assessor Feedback:
LO1 Use applied number theory in practical computing scenarios.
Pass, Merit & P1 P2 M1 D1
Distinction Descripts
LO2 Analyse events using probability theory and probability distributions.

Pass, Merit & P3 P4 M2 D2

Distinction Descripts

LO3 Determine solutions of graphical examples using geometry and vector methods.
Pass, Merit & P5 P6 M3 D3
Distinction Descripts
LO4 Evaluate problems concerning differential and integral calculus.

Pass, Merit & P7 P8 M4 D4

Distinction Descripts

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

Resubmission Feedback:

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

Internal Verifier’s Comments:

Signature & Date:

2|Page Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

* Please note that grade decisions are provisional. They are only confirmed
once internal and external moderation has taken place and grades
decisions have been agreed at the assessment board.

General Guidelines

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3|Page Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

 10. If you use other people’s work or ideas in your assignment, reference
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I hereby, declare that I know what plagiarism entails, namely, to use another’s work and to
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2. I understand the plagiarism and copying policy of the Edexcel UK.
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4|Page Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

Feedback Form

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5|Page Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

 Student’s
Signature Date

Assignment Brief

Student Name /ID Number Abilash Suntharalingam – COL/A-069053

Unit Number and Title Unit 11 : Maths for Computing

Academic Year 2021/2022

Unit Tutor Mr. Ruskshan Nizar

Assignment Title Importance of Maths in the Field of Computing

Issue Date

Submission Date

IV Name & Date

Submission Format:
This assignment should be submitted at the end of your lesson, on the week stated at the front of this
brief. The assignment can either be word-processed or completed in legible handwriting.

If the tasks are completed over multiple pages, ensure that your name and student number are present on
each sheet of paper.

Unit Learning Outcomes:

LO1 Use applied number theory in practical computing scenarios.

LO2 Analyse events using probability theory and probability distributions.

6|Page Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

LO3 Determine solutions of graphical examples using geometry and vector methods.

LO4 Evaluate problems concerning differential and integral calculus.

Assignment Brief and Guidance:

Activity 01

Part 1

1. A tailor wants to make square shaped towels. The required squared pieces of cloth will
be cut from a ream of cloth which is 20 meters in length and 16 meters in width.
a) Find the minimum number of squared pieces that can be cut from the ream of cloth
without wasting any cloth.
b) Briefly explain the technique you used to solve (a).

2. On the first day of the month, 4 customers come to a restaurant. Afterwards, those 4
customers come to the same restaurant once in 2,4,6 and 8 days respectively.
a) On which day of the month, will all the four customers come back to the restaurant
together?
b) Briefly explain the technique you used to solve (a).
Part 2

3. Logs are stacked in a pile with 24 logs on the bottom row and 10 on the top row. There
are 15 rows in all with each row having one more log than the one above it.
a) How many logs are in the stack?
b) Briefly explain the technique you used to solve (a).

4. A company is offering a job with a salary of Rs. 50,000.00 for the first year and a 4%
raise each year after that. If that 4% raise continues every year,
a) Find the total amount of money an employee would earn in a 10-years career.
b) Briefly explain the technique you used to solve (a).

Part 3

5. Define the multiplicative inverse in modular arithmetic and identify the multiplicative
inverse of 6 mod 13 while explaining the algorithm used.

7|Page Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

 6. Prime numbers are important to many fields. In the computing field also prime numbers
are applied. Provide examples and in detail explain how prime numbers are important in
the field of computing.

Activity 02

Part 1

1. Define ‘Conditional Probability’ with a suitable example.

2. The manager of a supermarket collected the data of 25 customers on a certain date. Out
of them 5 purchased Biscuits, 10 purchased Milk, 8 purchased Fruits, 6 purchased both
Milk and Fruits.
Let B represents the randomly selected customer purchased Biscuits, M represents
the randomly selected customer purchased Milk and F represents the randomly
selected customer purchased Fruits.
Represent the given information in a Venn diagram. Use that Venn diagram to answer
the following questions.
a) Find the probability that a randomly selected customer either purchased Biscuits
or Milk.
b) Show that the events “The randomly selected customer purchased Milk” and
“The randomly selected customer purchased Fruits” are independent.

3. Suppose a voter poll is taken in three states. Of the total population of the three states,
45% live in state A, 20% live in state B, and 35% live in state C. In state A, 40% of
voters support the liberal candidate, in state B, 30% of the voters support the liberal
candidate, and in state C, 60% of the voters support the liberal candidate.
Let A represents the event that voter is from state A, B represents the event that voter
is from state B and C represents the event that voter is from state C. Let L represents
the event that a voter supports the liberal candidate.
a) Find the probability that a randomly selected voter does not support the liberal
candidate and lives in state A.
b) Find the probability that a randomly selected voter supports the liberal candidate.
c) Given that a randomly selected voter supports the liberal candidate, find the
probability that the selected voter is from state B.

4. In a box, there are 4 types [Hearts, Clubs, Diamonds, Scorpions] of cards. There are 6

8|Page Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

 Hearts cards, 7 Clubs cards, 8 Diamonds cards and 5 Scorpions cards in the box. Two
cards are selected randomly without replacement.
a) Find the probability that the both selected cards are Hearts.
b) Find the probability that one card is Clubs and the other card is Diamonds.
c) Find the probability that the both selected cards are from the same type.

Part 2

5. Differentiate between ‘Discrete Random Variable’ and ‘Continuous Random

Variable”.

6. Two fair cubes are rolled. The random variable X represents the difference between the
values of the two cubes.

a) Find the mean of this probability distribution. (i.e. Find E[X] )

b) Find the variance and standard deviation of this probability distribution.
(i.e. Find V[X] and SD[X])
The random variables A and B are defined as follows:
A = X-10 and B = [(1/2)X]-5
c) Show that E[A] and E[B].
d) Find V[A] and V[B].
e) Arnold and Brian play a game using two fair cubes. The cubes are rolled, and
Arnold records his score using the random variable A and Brian uses the random
variable B. They repeat this for a large number of times and compare their scores.
Comment on any likely differences or similarities of their scores.

7. A discrete random variable Y has the following probability distribution.

Y=y 1 2 3 4 5
P(Y=y) 1/3 1/6 1/4 k 1/6
where k is a constant.
a) Find the value of k.
b) Find P(Y≤3).
c) Find P(Y>2).

Part 3

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 10. The “Titans” cricket team has a winning rate of 75%. The team is planning to play 10
matches in the next season.

a) Let X be the number of matches that will be won by the team. What are the
possible values of X?
b) What is the probability that the team will win exactly 6 matches?
c) What is the mean number of matches that the team will win?
d) What are the variance and the standard deviation of the number of matches that
the team will win?

11. In a boys’ school, there are 45 students in grade 10. The height of the students was
measured. The mean height of the students was 154 cm and the standard deviation was
2 cm. Alex’s height was 163 cm. Would his height be considered an outlier, if the
height of the students were normally distributed? Explain your answer.

12. The battery life of a certain battery is normally distributed with a mean of 90 days and
a standard deviation of 3 days.
For each of the following questions, construct a normal distribution curve and provide
the answer.
a) About what percent of the products last between 87 and 93 days?
b) About what percent of the products last 84 or less days?
For each of the following questions, use the standard normal table and provide the
answer.
c) About what percent of the products last between 89 and 94 days?
d) About what percent of the products last 95 or more days?

13. In the computing field, there are many applications of Probability theories. Hashing
and Load Balancing are also included to those. Provide an example for an application
of Probability in Hashing and an example for an application of Probability in Load
Balancing. Then, evaluate in detail how Probability is used for each application while
assessing the importance of using Probability to those applications.

10 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

Activity 03

Part 1

1. Find the equation (formula) of a circle with radius r and center C(h,k) and if the Center
of a circle is at (3,-1) and a point on the circle is (-2,1) find the formula of the circle.

2. Find the equation (formula) of a sphere with radius r and center C(h, k, l) and show that
x2 + y2 + z2 - 6x + 2y + 8z - 4 = 0 is an equation of a sphere. Also, find its center and
radius.

3. Following figure shows a Parallelogram.

If a=(i+3j-k) , b=(7i-2j+4k), find the area of the Parallelogram.

Part 2

4. If 2x - 4y =3, 5y = (-3)x + 10 are two functions. Evaluate the x, y values using

graphical method.

5. Evaluate the surfaces in R 3 that are represented by the following equations.

i. y=4
ii. z=5

11 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

 6. Following figure shows a Tetrahedron.

Construct an equation to find the volume of the given Tetrahedron using vector methods
and if the vectors of the Tetrahedron are a=(i+4j-2k) , b=(3i-5j+k) and c=(-4i+3j+6k),
find the volume of the Tetrahedron using the above constructed equation..

Activity 04

Part 1
1. Determine the slope of the following functions.
i. f(x) = 2x – 3x4 + 5x + 8
ii. f(x) = cos(2x) + 4x2 – 3

2. Let the displacement function of a moving object is S(t) = 5t 3 – 3t2 + 6t. What is the
function for the velocity of the object at time t.
Part 2

3. Find the area between the two curves f(x) = 2x2 + 1 and g(x) = 8 – 2x on the interval
(-2) ≤ x ≤ 1 .

4. It is estimated that t years from now the tree plantation of a certain forest will be
increasing at the rate of 3t 2 + 5t + 6 hundred trees per year. Environmentalists have
found that the level of Oxygen in the forest increases at the rate of approximately 4
units per 100 trees. By how much will the Oxygen level in the forest increase during the
next 3 years?

Part 3

5. Sketch the graph of f(x) = x5- 6x3 + 3 by applying differentiation methods for analyzing
where the graph is increasing/decreasing, local maximum/minimum points [Using the
second derivative test], concave up/down intervals with inflection points.

12 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

 6. Identify the maximum and minimum points of the function f(x)= 2x 3 - 4x4 + 5x2 by
further differentiation. [i.e Justify your answer using both first derivative test and
second derivative test.]

13 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

Grading Rubric

Grading Criteria Achievem Feedback

ent
(Yes/N
o)
LO1 : Use applied number theory in practical
computing scenarios.
P1 : Calculate the greatest common divisor and least
common multiple of a given pair of numbers.

P2 : Use relevant theory to sum arithmetic and

geometric progressions.
M1 : Identify multiplicative inverses in modular
arithmetic.
D1 : Produce a detailed written explanation of the
importance of prime numbers within the field of
computing.
LO2 : Analyse events using probability theory
and
probability distributions.
P3 : Deduce the conditional probability of different
events occurring within independent trials.
P4 : Identify the expectation of an event occurring
from a discrete, random variable.

M2 : Calculate probabilities within both binomially

distributed and normally distributed random
variables.

D2 : Evaluate probability theory to an example

involving hashing and load balancing.

LO3 : Determine solutions of graphical examples

using
geometry and vector methods.
P5 : Identify simple shapes using co-ordinate

14 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

geometry.
P6 : Determine shape parameters using appropriate
vector methods.
M3 : Evaluate the coordinate system used in
programming a simple output device.
D3 : Construct the scaling of simple shapes that are
described by vector coordinates.
LO4 : Evaluate problems concerning differential
and
integral calculus.
P7 : Determine the rate of change within an algebraic
function.
P8 : Use integral calculus to solve practical problems
involving area.
M4 : Analyse maxima and minima of increasing and
decreasing functions using higher order derivatives.
D4 : Justify, by further differentiation, that a value is
a minimum.

15 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

 Acknowledgement

I am glad to inform you that I was able to submit my report on time. I in debt to our Lecturer
Ms. Madushi Seneviratne. I am not sure whether I would have completed my thesis in the given
deadline, without her guidance and feedbacks.

I would like to give gratitude to my parents and friends who gave me confidence and supported
me. Especially, my mom, she always pushes me towards surpassing my limits and always tried
to make improve.

I would like to thank ESOFT METRO CAMPUS, for providing with many efficient and
updated resources and high-class facilities, which helped me the most next to Ms. Madushi
Seneviratne’s guidance.

I wish to thank all the almighty gods for giving me his/her blessings and to put me in the

correct track in my life.

16 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

Activity 01
Part 1
1. A tailor wants to make square shaped towels. The required squared pieces of cloth will
be cut from a ream of cloth which is 20 meters in length and 16 meters in width.

01.

16m a

20m
a
a) Find the minimum number of squared pieces that can be cut from the ream of cloth
without wasting any cloth.

Area of ream = 20 * 16 = 320

Area of towel = a * a = a2
xa2 = 320 (x = Count of towels )
a2 = 16 ;
x * 16 = 320
x = 320 / 16
x = 20
minimum number of squared pieces is 20

17 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

a) Briefly explain the technique you used to solve (a).

To get x without decimal numbers a2 should be a multiple of 320.

a2 can be equals to ;
20 = 2*2*5
16 = 2*2*2*2
2*2 = 4
a=4
a 2 = 16
As a result, a2 must be 16 to get the smallest number of squared pieces. Because it can be cut
without wasting any cloth from a ream of cloth.
2. On the first day of the month, 4 customers come to a restaurant. Afterwards, those 4
customers come to the same restaurant once in 2,4,6 and 8 days respectively.
a) On which day of the month, will all the four customers come back to the restaurant
together?
The LCM for this is 24, therefore on the 24th of the month, all of the customers return to the
restaurant together. On the 24th of the month, all four customers return to the restaurant
together.
b) Briefly explain the technique you used to solve (a).
Answer
a)
2 2 4 6 8
2 1 2 3 4
2 1 1 3 2
3 1 1 3 1
1 1 1 1

18 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

 2×2×2×3 = 24
b) In mathematics, the least common multiple is sometimes referred to as LCM (or) the
lowest common multiple. The lowest number among all common multiples of two or
more numbers is called the least common multiple. The simplification method is
helped by this procedure. As a result, on the 24th of the month, all customers will
gather at the restaurant. (cuemath, n.d.)

Part 2

3. Logs are stacked in a pile with 24 logs on the bottom row and 10 on the top row. There
are 15 rows in all with each row having one more log than the one above it.
a) How many logs are in the stack?
b) Briefly explain the technique you used to solve (a).
Answer
n
a) sn = (a 1+a l)
2
a1= 10
al = 24
n = 15
So therefore,
n
sn = (a 1+a l)
2
15
s15= (10+24)
2
15
s15= ×34
17
2
s15= 15 ×17
s15= 255
As a result, the answer is that the stack has 255 logs in total.

19 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

b) Arithmetic Progression (AP) is a numerical series in which the difference
between any two subsequent integers is a fixed value. Arithmetic Sequence is another name for
it. For instance, the natural number sequence 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,... is an Arithmetic Progression with
a common difference of 1 between two subsequent terms (say 1 and 2). (2 -1). Even when
dealing with odd and even numbers, the common difference between two consecutive words will
be equal to 2. (BYJUS, n.d.)

4. A company is offering a job with a salary of Rs. 50,000.00 for the first year and a 4%
raise each year after that. If that 4% raise continues every year,
a) Find the total amount of money an employee would earn in a 10-years career.
b) Briefly explain the technique you used to solve (a).
Answer
a)
 Salary of the first year is = Rs. 50,000
So 4% increment in Rs.50, 000 = 50,000 × 4%
= Rs. 2000
Therefore the salary for the 2nd year = 50,000 + 2000
= Rs. 52,000
So therefore, a1 = 50000
52000
r=
50000
= 1.04
So, the total amount of 10 years earning is,
a 1 ( 1−r )
n
5n =
1−r
50 000 x (1−104 10)
5n =
1−104
510 =600,305
The total amount of money earned by an employee throughout a 10-year career is Rs. 600,305.
b) The technique that I used to solve and find the answer for the above question is geometric
progression.

20 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

 Geometric progression is the special type of sequence in the number
series. Geometric progression is a series of numbers in which each term is obtained by
multiplying the previous term by a fixed number, known as the common ratio. The common
ratio of a geometric progression is a positive or negative integer. The geometric progression
generally abbreviated as G.P. (KULKARNI, 2021)

Part 3
5. Define the multiplicative inverse in modular arithmetic and identify the multiplicative
inverse of 6 mod 13 while explaining the algorithm used.
6 mod 13
6*1 mod 13 = 6
6*2 mod 13 =12
6*3mod 13 = 5
6*4mod 13 = 11
6*5 mod 13 = 4
6*6 mod 13 = 10
6*7 mod 13 = 3
6*8 mod 13 = 9
6*9mod 13 = 2
6*10mod 13 = 8
6*11 mod 13 = 1
6*12 mod 13 = 7

16*0 mod 13 = 0 is shown by A*B mod (c).

As a result, the multiplicative inverse of 6 mod 13 = 11

21 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

Activity 02
Part 1
1. Define ‘Conditional Probability’ with a suitable example.
Answer
 Conditional probability is defined as the likelihood of an event or outcome occurring, based
on the occurrence of a previous event or outcome. Conditional probability is calculated by
multiplying the probability of the preceding event by the updated probability of the
succeeding, or conditional,
event.SDFSDFDFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
FFFF
Conditional Probability Formula:
P(B|A) = P(A and B) / P(A)
Or
P(B|A) = P(A∩B) / P(A)
Examples:
 Suppose you are drawing three marbles red, blue, and green from a bag. Each marble has an
equal chance of being drawn. What is the conditional probability of drawing the red marble
after already drawing the blue one? First, the probability of drawing a blue marble is about
33% because it is one possible outcome out of three. Assuming this first event occurs, there
will be two marbles remaining, with each having a 50% chance of being drawn. So the
chance of drawing a blue marble after already drawing a red marble would be about 16.5%
(33% x 50%).
 As another example a fair die has been rolled and you are asked to give the probability that it
was a five. There are six equally likely outcomes, so your answer is 1/6. But imagine if
before you answer, you get extra information that the number rolled was odd. Since there are
only three odd numbers that are possible, one of which is five, you would certainly revise

22 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

 your estimate for the likelihood that a five was rolled from 1/6 to 1/3.
(BARONE, 2021)

23 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

2. The manager of a supermarket collected the data of 25 customers on a certain date. Out
of them 5 purchased Biscuits, 10 purchased Milk, 8 purchased Fruits, 6 purchased both
Milk and Fruits.
Let B represents the randomly selected customer purchased Biscuits, M represents the randomly
selected customer purchased Milk and F represents the randomly selected customer purchased
Fruits.
Represent the given information in a Venn diagram. Use that Venn diagram to answer the
following questions.
a) Find the probability that a randomly selected customer either purchased Biscuits or
Milk.
b) Show that the events “The randomly selected customer purchased Milk” and “The
randomly selected customer purchased Fruits” are independent.
Answer
 Venn diagram

5
4 2
6

Fruits (F)

Biscuits (B)
Milk (M)

24 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

a)
P ( B∩ M ¿=0

P ( B∪ M ¿=P ( B ) + P ( M )

5 10
= +
25 25

15
= =0.6
25

b)
6
P ( M ∩ F ¿=
25
P ( M ∩ F ¿=P ( M )∗P ( F )

6 10 8
= ×
25 25 25
6 2 8
= ×
25 5 25
6 16
=
25 100

25 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

3. Suppose a voter poll is taken in three states. Of the total population
of the three states, 45% live in state A, 20% live in state B, and 35% live in state C. In
state A, 40% of voters support the liberal candidate, in state B, 30% of the voters
support the liberal candidate, and in state C, 60% of the voters support the liberal
candidate.
Let A represents the event that voter is from state A, B represents the event that voter is from
state B and C represents the event that voter is from state C. Let L represents the event that a
voter supports the liberal candidate.
a) Find the probability that a randomly selected voter does not support the liberal
candidate and lives in state A.
b) Find the probability that a randomly selected voter supports the liberal candidate
c) Given that a randomly selected voter supports the liberal candidate, find the
probability that the selected voter is from state B.
Answer 0.40
Liberal


0.45 A
0.60
0.30 Not liberal
Liberal
0.20
Total population of the three states B
0.70
Not liberal
0.35 0.6
Liberal
C
0.40
Not liberal

26 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

a)
P = 0.45 × 0.60
= 0.27
Or
27
=
100
b)

P = (0.45×0.40) + (0.20×0.30) + (0.35×0.6)

= 0.18 + 0.06 + 0.21

= 0.45

Or

45
=
100

c)

( B ∩ L)
P (B/L) = P
P( L)

(0.2 x 0.3)
=
0.45
0.06
=
0.45
= 0.13%

27 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

4. In a box, there are 4 types [Hearts, Clubs, Diamonds, Scorpions] of cards. There are 6
Hearts cards, 7 Clubs cards, 8 Diamonds cards and 5 Scorpions cards in the box. Two
cards are selected randomly without replacement.

a) Find the probability that the both selected cards are Hearts.

b) Find the probability that one card is Clubs and the other card is Diamonds.

c) Find the probability that the both selected cards are from the same type.

Answer

H 5/25

C 7/25
D 8/25
S 5/25
H H 6/25
6/26 C 6/25
D 8/25
C
S 5/25
7/26
H 6/25

C 7/25
D
8/26 D 7/25
S 5/25
S H 6/25
5/26
C 7/25

D 8/25

S 4/25

28 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

a)

6 5
P (H, H) = ×
26 25

3 1 3
= × =
13 5 65

= 0.04

b)

P (C, D) + P (D, C)

3 4
7 6 8 7
= × + ×
2613 25 26 13 25
21 28
= ×
325 325
49
=
325
c)

P (H, H) + P (C, C) +P (D, D) + P(S, S)

6 5 7 6 8 7 5 4
= × + × + × + ×
26 25 26 25 26 25 26 25
30 42 56 20
= + + +
650 650 650 650
148
=
650
74
=
325

29 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

 Type equation here .

Part 2

Two fair cubes are rolled. The random variable X represents the difference between the
values of the two cubes.

a) Find the mean of this probability distribution. (i.e. Find E[X] )

b) Find the variance and standard deviation of this probability distribution.
(i.e. Find V[X] and SD[X])
The random variables A and B are defined as follows:
A = X-10 and B = [(1/2)X]-5
c) Show that E[A] and E[B].
d) Find V[A] and V[B].
e) Arnold and Brian play a game using two fair cubes. The cubes are rolled, and Arnold
records his score using the random variable A and Brian uses the random variable B. They
repeat this for a large number of times and compare their scores. Comment on any likely
differences or similarities of their scores.

a)
X -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
P (X = x) 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 4 3 2 1
36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36

 E ( x ) = ∑ x . p ( x=x )

( 361 )+(−4 × 362 )+(−3 × 363 )+(−2 × 364 )+(−1 × 365 )+¿
= −5 ×

(0 × 366 )+(1 × 365 )+(2 × 364 )+( 3× 363 )+( 4 × 362 )+(5 × 361 )
=0

30 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

b)
Var(X) = E( X 2 ) – [E(X)¿2
E( x ) = E( x 2)
2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 5 2
= −5 × +−4 × +−3 × +−2 × +−1 × +¿
36 36 36 36 36
2 6 2 5 2 4 2 3 2 2 2 1
0 × +1 × + 2 × +3 × +4 × +5 ×
36 36 36 36 36 36
50 64 54 32 10
= + + + +
36 36 36 36 36
210
=
36
35
=
6
= 5.833

c)
A -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5
P (A = a) 6 10 8 6 4 2
36 36 36 36 36 36

A = X - 10
E(A)=E(A).P(A)
= ε (x-10)
= 0-10
=-10
1
B=[( )x]-5
2
1
=ε ( X −5)
2

31 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

 = 0-5
=-5
E(A) =-10
E(B)= -5

d) V(A) = E(A^2) – [E(A)] ^2

V(A) = V( x -10)
= V (x)
= 5.83

V(B) = V ( x−5 )
= V (x)
1
= v (x)
4
1
= ×5.83
4
= 1.4575

e) Brian's mean score is (-5) with a variance of 1.45, whereas Arnold's is (-10) with a variance
of 5.83. As a result, it is evident that Brian's data is divided on average more than threefold
and three times more than Arnold's data. And, by considering Arnold's alternative likelihood,
the entire points of Brian are anticipated as half qualifying values from Arnold's. As a result,
Brian's data is regarded to be greater than Arnold's data average.

5. A discrete random variable Y has the following probability distribution.

Y=y 1 2 3 4 5
P(Y=y) 1/3 1/6 1/4 k 1/6
Where k is a constant
a) Find the value of k.

32 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

b) Find P (Y≤3).
c) Find P(Y>2).
a)
∑ P(x) = 1
1 1 1 1
= + + + K + =1
3 6 4 6

(
1 1 1 1
= + + + 1+ K =1
3 6 4 6 )
1 1 1 1
= + + + K + =1
3 6 4 6
4 2 3 2
= + + + =1
12 12 12 12
11
= K + =1
12
11
= K = 1−
12
12 11
= −
12 12
1
K=
12

b)
P(y≤ 3) = 1(y=1) + P(y=2) +P(y=3)
1 1 1
= + +
3 6 4
4 2 3
= + +
12 12 12
3
9
=
12 4
3
=
4
c)
P(y¿ 2) = P(y=3) + P(y=4) +P(y=5)
1 1 1
= + +
4 12 6

33 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

 3 1 2
= + +
12 12 12
1
6
=
12
2
1
=
2

Part 3

10. The “Titans” cricket team has a winning rate of 75%. The team is planning to play 10
matches in the next season.
a) Let X be the number of matches that will be won by the team. What are the possible
values of X?
b) What is the probability that the team will win exactly 6 matches?
c) What is the probability that the team will lose 2 or less matches?
d) What is the mean number of matches that the team will win?
e) What are the variance and the standard deviation of the number of matches that the
team will win?
Answer
P = 0.75
N=10
X= Bin (10, 0.75)
P(X) =C x P x qn− x
10

E(X) = n

34 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

a)
X = The number of matches that will be won by the team
X = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
b)
10 (x) (n−x)
P[X-X] = C x∗P q
10
P[X=6] = C 6∗¿
P[X=6] = C 6∗¿
¿ 0.1459
c)
Lost matches = (1, 2, 0)
P [X=10, 9, 8]
P [X=10, X=9, X=8] = P [X=10] + P [X=9] + P [X=8]
=10C 10*0.7510∗0.250 +C 10 9 1 10 8
9∗¿0.75 * 0.25 +C 8∗0.7 5 ∗0.2 5
2

= 0.526

d)
E(X) = np
= 10× 0.75
= 7.5
Mean number of matches that the team will win = 7.5
e)
2
σ = V(X) = n*p (1-p) = 10*0.75(1-0.75)
V (X) = 1.875
SD (X) = √ 1.875
SD (X) = 1.369
1. In a boys’ school, there are 45 students in grade 10. The height of the students was
measured. The mean height of the students was 154 cm and the standard deviation was
2 cm. Alex’s height was 163 cm. Would his height be considered an outlier, if the height
of the students were normally distributed? Explain your answer.

35 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

  Alex’s height is = 163cm
µ = 154cm
σ = 2cm

M+36 = 154 +6 =160cm

M-36 = 154 -6 =148cm

M-36 154 M-36

Because Alex's height is 163 cm and the height obtained for M + 36 is 160 cm, when
compared to Alex's height, the total conclusion is that Alex's height is regarded an outlier
height.
12.The battery life of a certain battery is normally distributed with a mean of 90 days and a
standard deviation of 3 days.
For each of the following questions, construct a normal distribution curve and provide
the answer.
a) About what percent of the products last between 87 and 93 days?

68.2
%

μ- 6=90-3 μ=90 μ+6=90+13

μ-6=87 μ+6 =93
36 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11
68.8% data lies between μ +6 and μ-6, which means 68.2% of data products lasts between 87 and
93 days.

b) About what percent of the products last 84 or less days?

μ -36 μ μ +36 = 90+2x3

=90-2x3 μ+26 = 96
μ-26 = 84

95.4% data of data lies between μ +26 and μ-26. Data outside this region is 100% 95.4% =
4.6%.
4.6 %
Data less than or equal to 84= =23 %
2

37 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

 For each of the following questions, use the standard normal
table and provide the answer.
c) About what percent of the products last between 89 and 94 days?

Normal Distribution

μ -36 μ +36 = 90+2x3

=90-2x3 μ+26 = 96
μ-26 = 84

Standard normal Distribution

z−0=0.333 0 z 2=1.333

x−μ 89−90
Z= 21 = z=−0.333
6 3

38 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

 94−90
Z= =z=1.333
3

-0.333<z<1.333

P (z<1.333) p (z<-0.333)

0.90824 – 037070
=0.53754

Therefore about 53.7% of product lasts between 89 and 94 days.

d) About what percent of the products last 95 or more days?

Normal Distribution

μ = 90 x=95

Standard normal Distribution

39 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

 z=0 z=

x−μ 95−90
Z= = =1.667
σ 3

P (z>1.67) = 1-P (z<1.67)

P (z>1.67) = 1-0.95254
P (z>1.67) = 0.04746

Therefore 4.7% of products last for 95 more days.

40 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

 Activity 03

Part 1

1. Find the equation (formula) of a circle with radius r and center C(h,k) and if the Center
of a circle is at (3,-1) and a point on the circle is (-2,1) find the formula of the circle.

Radius =

r² = (x-h) ² + (y-k) ²
r² = (-2 - 3)² + (1-(-1)) ²
= (-5)² + (-2)²
=25+4
=29
=√29
=5.38

Equation of the Circle is,

X²+6x-y²-2y+19=0
¿
2 2
x −6 x +9+ y +2 y+ 1=29
2 2
x −6 x + y + 2 y +10=29
X²−¿6x+¿ y²+¿ 2y−¿ 19 = 0

41 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

2. Find the equation (formula) of a sphere with radius r and center C(h, k, l) and show
that x2 + y2 + z2 - 6x + 2y + 8z - 4 = 0 is an equation of a sphere. Also, find its center
and radius.
Equation of a sphere =
R²= (x-h) ²+(y-k) ²+ (z-l) ²
                                                 X² + y² + z²- 6x + 2y + 8z - 4 = 0
                                                X² - 6x + y² + 2y + z² + 8z = 4
                                              X²- 6x + 9 + y² + 2y + 1 + z² + 8z + 16 = 4
                                                (x-3)² + (y+1)² + (z+4)² = 4 + 26
                                                (x-3)² + (y+1)² + (z+4)² = 30
         Equation of a sphere,
(x-3)² + (y-(-1)) ² + (z-(-4)) ² = 30

Center point = (3, -1, -4)

                                                 Radius,
r² = 30
                      r = √30

                     r = 5.48

42 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

3. Following figure shows a Parallelogram.

If a = (i+3j-k), b = (7i-2j+4k), find the area of the Parallelogram.

Answer

 Area of the Parallelogram = |a x b|

a = i +3j- k                     
b = 7i - 2j +4k

Area= a x b =    I j k
                 1        3      -1
                7       -2      4
= + i (12-(2)) - j (4-(-7)) + k (-2-21)
= 10i - 11j - 23k
|a x b| = 10 i−11 j−23 k
     = √100 +121+529
        =√750
        = 27.39
 So area of the parallelogram = 27.39

43 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

Part 2

1. If 2x - 4y =3, 5y = (-3)x + 10 are two functions. Evaluate the x, y values using

graphical method.

In equation 2x – 4y = 3

X -1 0 1

Y -5/4 -3/4 -1/4

Substituting X= -1 in equation 2x – 4y = 3
2*-1 – 4y = 3
-2 – 4y = 3
–2–3=4y
-5= 4y
-5/4 = y

Substituting X= 0 in equation 2x – 4y = 3
2(0) – 4y = 3
y= - ¾

Substituting X= 1 in equation 2x – 4y = 3
2*1 – 4y = 3
2 – 4y = 3
2-3=4y
-1= 4y
-1/4 = y

2*0-4y=3

44 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

 0-4y =3
-3 =4y
-3/4 =y

In equation 5y = (-3)x + 10

X -1 0 1

Y 13/5 2 7/5

Substituting X= -1 in equation 5y = (-3)x + 10

5y = (-3)*(-1) + 10
5y=3+10
5y = 13
Y = 13/5

Substituting X= 0 in equation 5y = (-3)x + 10

5y = (-3)*0 + 10
5y = 10
Y = 10/5
Y=2

Substituting X= -1 in equation 5y = (-3)x + 10

5y = (−3)∗1+10
5y=−3+10
5y = 7
Y = 7/5

Points on Graph for equation 2x – 4y = 3 are (-1, -5/4), (0,-3/4), (1,-1/4)

Points on Graph for equation 5y = (-3)x + 10 are (-1, 13/5), (0,2), (1,7/5)

45 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

 2. Evaluate the surfaces in R 3 that are represented by the following equations.
iii. y=4
iv. z=5

46 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

 3. Following figure shows a Tetrahedron.

47 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

 Construct an equation to find the volume of the given Tetrahedron using vector methods
and if the vectors of the Tetrahedron are a=(i+4j-2k) , b=(3i-5j+k) and c=(-4i+3j+6k),
find the volume of the Tetrahedron using the above constructed equation..

Volume of a tetrahedron = 1∕3 base area x height

Area of a tetrahedron = 1/6 x base area x height
= 1/6 x (a x b) x C cos θ

a= (i + 4j - 2k)
b= (3i - 5j + k)
c= (-4i +3j +6k)

Base Area =    i     j    k

                       1      4   -2
                       3     -5   1

= +I (4 - 10) – j (1-(-6)) +k (-5-12)

            = - 6 i - 7j - 17k

(a× b).c = (−6 i−7 j−17 k ) . (−4 i+3 j+ 6 k )

= 24−21−102

48 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

 = −99=(−1 ) × (−99 ) =99
1
= × a ×b . c
6
1
= × 99
6
= 16.5 Units

Activity 04
Part 1
1. Determine the slope of the following functions.

i. f(x) = 2x – 3x4 + 5x + 8
ii. f(x) = cos (2x) + 4x2 – 3
f(x) = 2x – 3x4 + 5x + 8

f (x) = 2 x−3 x 4 +5 x+8

f 1(x) =2 x−3 x 4 x 3 + 5 x+ 0
= 2 - 12 x 3+ 5
f(x) = cos (2x) + 4x2 – 3
f (x) = cos (2x) + 4 x 2−3
f (x) = -Sin2 x ×2+ 4 ×2 x−0
1

= -2 sin 2 x +8 x
2. Let the displacement function of a moving object is S(t) = 5t3 – 3t2 + 6t. What is the
function for the velocity of the object at time t.
S(t) = 5t3 – 3t2 + 6t
1 2
S (t) = 5 x 3t −3 x 2 t+6 x 1
= 15t 2−6 t+ 6

Part 2
1. Find the area between the two curves f(x) = 2x2 + 1 and g(x) = 8 – 2x on the interval (-2)
≤x≤1.
Area = ∫ 2 ( x )−f ( x ) dx
1

49 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

 = ∫ 2 ( 8−2 x ) −( 2 x 2 +1 ) dx
1
= ∫ 2 ( 8−2 x−2 x 2−1 ) dx

1 1 1
=7 ∫ 2 1 dx−2∫ ❑2 xdx−2 ∫ ❑2 x dx
2

=7 ¿

−2
=7 ( 1− (−2 ) ) −1 ¿
2

=( 7 ×3 )+3−6

=21+3−6

=18 square units

2. It is estimated that t years from now the tree plantation of a certain forest will be
increasing at the rate of 3t 2 + 5t + 6 hundred trees per year. Environmentalists have
found that the level of Oxygen in the forest increases at the rate of approximately 4

50 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

 units per 100 trees. By how much will the Oxygen level in the forest
increase during the next 3 years?

Tree Plantation = P
dp 2
=(3 t +5 t+ 6)×100
dt
Oxygen increase = 4/100 trees.
3 3

∫ dp dt ∫ ( 3 t + 5t +6 ) dt ( 3 t +5 t + 6 ) dt
2 2

0 dt 0

P=¿
P=¿
5
P=27 + ×9+ 6 ×3
2
45
P=27 + + 18
2
54 45 36
P= + +
2 2 2
P=67.5
Increase of oxygen = 67.5% × 4
= 270.0

Part 3

3. Sketch the graph of f(x) = x5- 6x3 + 3 by applying differentiation methods for analyzing
where the graph is increasing/decreasing, local maximum/minimum points [Using the second
derivative test], concave up/down intervals with inflection points.

f ( x )=x 5−6 x 3 +3

f 1 ( x )=5 x 4−6 ×3 x 2

4 2
¿ 5 x −6 × 3 x

¿ 5 x 4−18 x 2

51 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

 When f 1 ( x )=0 , we can find the stationary points,

. f 1 ( x )=0

.5 x 1−18 x 2=0

. x 2 ( 5 x 2−18 ) =0

2
x =0

x=0

5 x 2−18=0

( √ 5 x−√ 18 )( √ 5 x + √ 18 )=0

√ 5− √18=0
5 x=√ 18

√ 18
x=
√5

√ 5 x+ √18=0
√ 5 x=−√ 18
−√ 18
x=
√5

Let’s find the functions values when x=0

x=0

x=−
√ 18
5

. x=− √ 3.6

52 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

 x=−1.8

x=
√ 18
5

x=√ 3.6

x=1.8

Y =0−0+ 3 y=¿

Y =0 y=−13.39

(0, 3)

y=¿

y=−6 ¿

y=19.39

Using the double differentiation to check if the turning points are local maximum or minimum

1 4 2
F ( x )=5 x −18 x

11 3
F ( x )=20 x −36 x

F 11 ( 0 )=20 ¿

F 11 ( 0 )=0

When x=0

The turning point is on inflation point.

F 11 ( 1.897 )=20 ¿

53 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

 11
F ( 1.897 )=−13653+ 68.292

11
F ( 1.897 )=−68.288

F 11 ( 1.897 )=+¿

When x=1.897

The turning point is a local minimum.

F 11 (−1.897 )=20¿

¿−136.53+68.292

¿−68.288

11
F (−1.897 )=−¿

When x=1.897

The turning point is a local maximum

54 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

4. Identify the maximum and minimum points of the function f(x)=
2x3 - 4x4 + 5x2 by further differentiation. [i.e Justify your answer using both first
derivative test and second derivative test.]

Answer

f ( x )=¿ 2 x 3−4 x 4 +5 x2
f 1 ( x )=6 x 2−16 x 3 +10 x
f 1 ( x )=0

2 3
6 x −16 x + 10 x=0
x ( 6 x−16 x +10 ) =0
2

x=0

(−16 x 2 +6 x+ 10 )=0

−b ± √ b2−4 ac
x=
2a

−6 ± √ 6 −4∗(−16 )∗10
2
x=
2∗( 16 )
−6 ± √ 36+ 640
x=
−32
−6 ± √ 676
x=
−32
−6 ± 26
x=
−32

55 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

 −6+26 −6−26
x 1= Or x 2=
−32 −32

20 −32
x 1= Or x 2=
−32 −32

x 1=−0.625 Or x 2=1

3 4 2
f ( x )=2 x −4 x +5 x

f ( 0 )=2 ¿
f ( 0 )=0
(0, 0)

f (−0.625 )=2∗¿
f (−0.625 )=0.854
(-0.625, 0.854)

f ( 1 ) =2¿

f ( 1 ) =3

(1, 3)

56 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

f 1 (−0.2 ) =6∗¿

f 1 (−0.2 ) =−1632 ( slope before turning point is negative )

1
f ( 0 , 2 )=6∗¿

f 1 ( 0 , 2 )=2.368 ( slope after the turning point is positive )

11 2
f ( x )=12 x −48 x +10
11 2
f ( 0 ) =12∗( 0 ) −48∗( 0) +10
11
f ( 0 ) =10( positive)
f 1 (−0.825 )=6∗¿
f 1 (−0.825 )=4.818 ( slope before theturning point is positive )
1
f (−0.425 )=6∗¿
1
f (−0.425 )=1.938( slope after the turning point is negative)
f 11 (−0.625 ) =12∗(−0.625)−48∗¿
f 11 (−0.625 ) =−16.25 ( negative )

1
f (−0.8 )=6∗¿
f 1 (−0.8 )=¿3.648(slope before the turning point is positive)
1
f ( 1 , 2 )=6∗¿
f 1 ( 1 , 2 )=−7.008 ( slope after the turning point is negative )
11
f ( 1 )=12∗(1)−48∗¿
f 11 ( 1 )=−26 (negative)

57 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11

58 | P a g e Abilash Suntharalingam Maths for Computing Unit 11