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Poverty is a major problem worldwide and in Malaysia specifically. Measuring poverty is difficult due to its multi-dimensional nature. A study of poverty in Malaysia found that factors like the age, household size, number of income recipients, location, gender, marital status, education level and occupation of the head of household can influence the likelihood of being in poverty. Rapid urbanization and migration from rural to urban areas in Malaysia have also contributed to increasing urban poverty in recent decades as the urban population has grown significantly. Effective policies and programs are needed to identify and help the poor, especially in urban areas.

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314 views3 pages

Script Documentary

Poverty is a major problem worldwide and in Malaysia specifically. Measuring poverty is difficult due to its multi-dimensional nature. A study of poverty in Malaysia found that factors like the age, household size, number of income recipients, location, gender, marital status, education level and occupation of the head of household can influence the likelihood of being in poverty. Rapid urbanization and migration from rural to urban areas in Malaysia have also contributed to increasing urban poverty in recent decades as the urban population has grown significantly. Effective policies and programs are needed to identify and help the poor, especially in urban areas.

Uploaded by

Usran Ali Bubin
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© © All Rights Reserved
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SCRIPT DOCUMENTARY

Poverty is the major problem for every country in the world. Nowadays, poverty in Malaysia
has been considered as an increasingly visible phenomenon due to impacts of urbanization.
However, the framework to measure the poverty is not an easy task due to its multi-
dimensional nature such as ethnic, race, and social status. A diagnosis of poverty requires
answers to questions such as: Who are the poor? Where are they located? In which sectors
do they work? What are the characteristics of the poor that are different from those of the
non-poor? and so forth.

Poverty is caused by various factors. Different poor individuals or households are


poor caused by different factors. According to World Bank (2005), Poverty is mainly
associated with the lack of income and the individuals whose income level falls below the
minimum level of human basic needs are considered as poor. In Malaysia, poverty has been
conceptualised as economic or income poverty and measured using a Poverty Line Income
(PLI) to differentiate poor and non-poor households. Lending from Chamhuri and Mia (2016),
Malaysian government defines poverty as lack of monetary ability to procure basic needs,
consisting of food and non-food components (such as health care, education, house rental,
clothing, transportation and recreation).

A study of causes of poverty in Malaysia by Nor Fatihah et. al (2014), highlighted on


households and demographic poverty profile. To determine the causes of poverty, logistic
regression was performed and the risk of being poor is measured. This study shows that age
of head of households, household’s size, number of income recipients, strata, gender of
head of households, marital status, education level and occupation of head of households
are the factors contributing to poverty. At households’ level, the result of the study indicates
that older heads of the households, are more prone them to be poor. In terms of household
size, as the household size increases, the less likely of that households being poor. This is
due to the data which is the household members is referring to those who are also income
recipients for that family. Therefore, when the increasing the households’ size is parallel to
number of income recipients, this will lead to less likely of being poor households. While at
demographic level, the result of this study shows that the odd of being poor in rural area is
almost two times higher than urban area. For households headed by single parent, they are
more likely to be poor. Head of households with no formal educational and those who
participate in low skilled occupation such as working in hotel and restaurant, agricultural,
hunting and forestry and construction work are more likely to be poor.
2

Poverty happened in Malaysia also because of the population migration from rural to
urban areas as well as the natural population growth in urban areas. The country
experienced cumulative increase of urban population during the last few decades. The data
show that the growth in urban population swelled from 27% in 1970 to 71% in 2010
(Chamhuri and Mia, 2016). The growing interest in urban poverty in developing countries
has been brought about by various factors such as rural bias in the past development
strategies, rapid rates of urbanization, rural urban migration and structural transformation of
the economies of these countries (Asian Development Bank 2014). Therefore, to tackle the
problems, it is urgently required to identify the location of poor in city, differences between
poor areas, effectiveness of specific programs as well as design and best practice of urban
poverty reduction programs and policies.

8. REFERENCES

Ahmed. F., Mia. M. S., Wiboonpongse. A., Thongrak. S., & Kiapathomchai.S. 2019. Trends
in Poverty and Income Inequality in Urban Malaysia: Emerging Issues and Challenges.
International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering.8(2S9)

KPWKM, Ministry of Women, Family and Community Development, Malaysia (2016) Bidang
Keberhasilan Utama Negara (NKRA) Mempertingkatkan Taraf Kehidupan Isi Rumah
Berpendapatan Rendah (LIH). Retrieved from
https://www.kpwkm.gov.my/kpwkm/uploads/files/NKRA/SOALAN%20LAZIM%20PROGRAM
%201AZAM.pdf

Manaf. N. A. & Ibrahim. K. 2017. Poverty Reduction for Sustainable Development:


Malaysia’s Evidence-Based Solutions. Global Journal of Social Sciences Studies.3(1): 29-
42.

Naira. S., & S. Sagaran. 2015. Poverty in Malaysia: Need for a Paradigm Shift. Institutions
and Economies. 7(3): 95-123.

Nor, R. and Azhar, S. (2016) 1AZAM Aiding Low-Income Households in Malaysia. Journal of
Human Resource and Sustainability Studies, 4, 293-304

Nor. M. R, & Khelgat. D. H. 2019. 1AZAM Programme: The challenges and Prospects of
Poverty Eradication In Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research In Business
and Social Sciences. 9(1), 345–356.
3

Norhidayati, N. and Radieah, M. N. (2016) “1AZAM Program Implementation In Penang,


Malaysia:Towards Poverty Eradication”. The papers presented in International Conference
on Sustainable Development Goals (ICSDG2016). Organized by South East Asia
Sustainability Network (SEASN) on 7-8 Disember 2016 at Universiti Sains Malaysia.

Siwar. C,.Ahmed. F., Bashawir. A., & Mia. M. S. 2016. Urbanization and Urban Poverty in
Malaysia: Consequences and Vulnerability.Journal of Applied Sciences.16 (4): 154-160.

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