Syllabus for the post of TGT - Work Experience

The questions will be testing the depth of understanding and application of the concepts at the
level of Diploma.

(1) Circuit Fundamentals

Zero Reference Level - Chassis Ground - Ohm's Law - Formula Variations of Ohm's Law - Graphical Representation
of Ohm's Law - Linear Resistor - Non-linear Resistor - Cells in Series and Parallel - Conventional Problems
(2) Resistive Circuits
Series Circuit - Characteristics of a Series Circuit - The Case of Zero IR Drop - Polarity of IR Drops - Total Power -
Series Aiding and Series Opposing Voltages - Proportional Voltage Formula in a Series Circuit Series Voltage
Dividers - 'Opens in a Series Circuit - 'Shorts' in e Series Circuit - Parallel Circuits - Laws of Parallel Circuits Special
Case of Equal Resistances in all Branches - Special Case of Only Two Branches Any Branch Resistance -
Proportional Current Formula - 'Opens' in a Parallel Circuit - 'Shorts' in a Parallel Circuit - Series-Parallel Circuits
Analyzing Series Parallel Circuits - 'Opens' in Series-Parallel Circuits 'Shorts' in SeriesParallel Circuits - Voltage
Division in a Complex Series-Parallel Circuit - Conventional Problems
(3) Kirchhoff's Laws
General - Kirchhoffs Current Law Kirchhoffs Voltage Law - Determination of Algebraic Sign - Assumed Direction of
Current Flow - Conventional Problems.
(4) Network Theorems
General - Superposition Theorem - Ideal Constant-Voltage Source - Ideal Constant-current Source - Thevenin's
Theorem - How to Thevenize a Circuit? - Norton's Theorem - How to Nortonise a Given Circuit - Maximum Power
Transfer Theorem - Conventional Problems
(5) Passive Circuit Elements
General - Resistors - Resistor Types - Wire-wound Resistors - Carbon Composition Resistors - Carbon Film
Resistors - Cermet Film Resistors .Metal Film Resistors - Power Rating - Value Tolerance - Variable Resistors -
Potentiometers and Rheostats - Fusible Resistors - Resistor Colour Code - Resistance Colour Bands - Resistors
under Ten Ohm - Resistor Troubles - Checking Resistors with an Ohmmeter - Inductor - Comparison of Different
Cores - Inductance of an Inductor - Another Definition of Inductance - Mutual Inductance - Coefficient of
Coupling - Variable Inductors - Inductors in Series or Parallel without M - Series Combination with N - Stray
Inductance - Energy Inductance - Energy Stored in a Magnetic Field - DC Resistance of a Coil - Troubles in Coils -
Reactance Offered by a Coil - Impedance Offered by a Coil - Q-Factor of a Coil - Capacitors - Capacitor Connected
to a Battery –Capacitance-Factors Controlling Capacitance '- Types of Capacitors - Fixed Capacitors - Variable
Capacitors - Voltage Rating of Capacitors - Stray Circuit Capacitance Leakage Resistance - Capacitors in Series -
Two Capacitors in Series Capacitor's in Parallel - Two Capacitors in Parallel - Energy stored in e Capacitor -
Troubles in Capacitors - Checking Capacitors with Ohmmeter - Charging of a Capacitor - Capacitor Connected
Across an AC Source Capacitive Reactance
(6) Energy Sources
Primary and Secondary Cells - Cell and Battery - Voltage and Current of a Cells - Cell life - Different Types of Dry
Cells - Carbon Zinc Cell Alkaline Cell - Manganese Alkaline Cell – NickelCadmium Cell - Mercury Cell - Silver Oxide
Cell - Lead Cells - Battery Rating - Testing Dry Cells - Photoelectric Devices - Photovoltaic Cell - Solar Cell
Conventional Problems
(7) Magnetism and Electromagnetism
Magnetic Materials- Ferrites - Types of Magnets - Demagnetizing or Degaussing -Magnetic Shielding - Magnetic
Terms and Units - Ohm's Law for Magnetic Circuit - Transformer - Transformer Working - Transformer Impedance
- Can a Transformer Operate on DC ? - RF Shielding - Autotransformer - Impedance Matching - Conventional
Problems.

(8) A.C. Fundamentals ;

Introduction - Types of Alternating Waveforms - The Basic AC Generator -Some Definitions - Characteristics of a Sine
Wave - Audio an ,Radio Frequencies - Different Values of Sinusoidal Voltage and Current - Phase of an AC - Phase
Difference - Vector Representation of an Alternating Quantity - AC Through Pure Resistance Only • AC Through Pure
Inductance Only - AC Through Pure Capacitance Only - Non-sinusoidal Waveforms - Harmonics -Conventional
Problems

(9) Series A.C. Circuits

R-L Circuit - Q Factor of a Coil - Skin Effect - IR•C Circuit - Coupling Capacitor - R-L-C Circuit - Resonance in an R-L-
C Circuit - Resonance Curve - Main Characteristics of Series Resonance - Bandwidth of a Tuned Circuit - Sharpness
of Resonance - Tuning - Tuning Ratio - RaGio Tuning Dial- Parallel Resonance -Convectional Problem

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 (10) Time Constant
Rise and Fall of Current In pure Resistance - Time :Constant at an R-L Circuit • Circuit Conditions - Inductive Kick -
Time Constant of an RC circuit - Charging and Discharging of a Capacitor Decreasing Time Constant - Flasher -: Puke
Response of an RC Circuit - Effect of Large and Short Time Constants - Square voltage Wave Applied to Short A. RC
Circuit - Square Voltage Wave Applied to Long A,'E.0 circuit - Conventional Problems

(11) Timing Circuits and Filters

What-is. a Tuning Circuit ? - Tuned Circuit - Operating Characteristics of a Tuning Circuit - Resonance - Actual Series
Resonance - Is it Series or Parallel Resonance ? - Tuned Transformers - Double Tuned Transformers - Parallel Circuit -
Coupled Circuits – Simple Coupled Circuits - Coefficient of Coupling - Filters Filter Definitions - Types of Filter
Circuits - Low-pass Filter – High pass Filter - Bandpass Filter – Band stop Filter - Multisection Filter Circuits - Uses
of Fitters - Conventional Problems
(12) Solid State Physics
Definition of Matter - Crystalline Solids - Unit Cell - arms of Matter - Atom and Molecule - Atomic Structure - Atomic
Number (Z) Atomic mass Number (A) - Electron Orbits or shells - Electron Distribution of Different Atoms Electron Sub
orbits or Subshells - Valence Electrons Orbital Energy. - Normal, Excited and IonizedAtom. - Orbital Energies in hyrogen
Atom - Energy Levels in an Isolated At W- Energy Bands in Solids - Bonds in Solids - Valence and Conduction Bands -
Conduction in Solids - Hole Formation and its Movement Conductors, Semiconductors and Insulators - Types of
Semiconductors - Intrinsic Semiconductors Extrinsic Semiconductors - Majority and Minority Charge Carriers -
Mobile Charge Carriers and Immobile Torts - Drift Current in Good Conductors Drift Current in Intrinsic
Semiconductors - Intrinsic Conduction -Conventional Problems
(13) The P-N Junction
The P-N Junction - Formation of Depletion Layer Junction or Barrier Voltage (V B) - Effect of Temperature on
Barrier Voltage - Forward Biased P-N Junction - Forward VII Characteristics -Reverse Biased P-N Junction -
ReMerse Saturation Current (Is or 1 0 ) - Reverse V/ I Characteristic Combined Forward and Reverse VII
Characteristics - Junction Breakdown - Junction Capacitance
(14) P-N Junction Diode
P-N Junction Diode - Diode Ratings or Specifications - Diode Testing The Ideal Diode -The Real Diode -
Diode Circuits with DC and A Voltage Sources - Diode Fabrication- Grown Junction - Alloy Junction Diffused
Junction Epitaxial Junction - Point ContactJunction - Clippers and Campers - Clippers - Some Clipping Circuits -
Clampers
Summary of Clamping Circuits - Conventional Problems Questions.
(15) Special Diodes
Zener Diode - Voltage Regulation Zener Diode as Peak Clipper - Meter Protection – Tunneling Effect - Tunnel Diode
- Tunnel Diode Oscillator Varactor - PIN Diode - Schottky Diode - Step Recovery Diode Thermistors -Conventional
Problems

(16) Optoelectronic Devices

Light Emitting Diode (LED) - Photoemissive Devices - Photomultiplier Tube - Photovoltaic Devices - Bulk Type
Photoconductive Cells - Photodiodes -P-N Junction Photodiode - PIN Photodiode -
Avalanche Photodiode

(17) DC Power Supplies

Introduction - Unregulated Power Supply - Regulated Power Supply Steady and Pulsating DC Voltages - Rectifiers
Half-wave Rectifier Full-wave Rectifier - Full-wave Bridge Rectifier - Filters - Series Inductor Filter - Shunt Capacitor
Filter - Effect of Increasing Filter Capacitance - LC Filter - The CLC or Pi Filter - Bleeder Resistor - Voltage Regulation
Zener Diode Shunt Regulator - Transistor, Series Voltage Regulator - Controlled Transistor Series Regulator -
Transistor Shunt Voltage Regulator Transistor Current Regulator - Voltage Dividers - Complete Power Supply - Voltage
Multipliers - Half-wave Voltage Doubler - Full-wave Voltage Doubler - Voltage Tripler and Quadrupler Circuits -
Troubleshooting Power Supplies - Controlled Rectification - Output Waveforms for Different Firing Angles - Output
Voltage and Current Values in Controlled Rectifiers Average Values for FW Controlled Rectifier - Silicon Controlled
° 0
Rectifier (SCR) - Pulse Control of SCR - 90 Phas- Control of SCR - 180 Phase Contr,gi of SCR - SCR Controlled Circuit -
U3T Controlled Circuit Conventional Problems

(18) The Basic Transistor

The Bipolar Junction Transistor - Transistor Biasing -Important Biasing Rule - Transistor Currents - Summing Up -
Transistor Circuit Configurations - CB Configuration - CE Configuration -Relations between a and 13 - CC Configuration -
Relations between Transistor Currents - Leakage Currents in a Transistor - Thermal Runaway - Conventional Problems

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(19) Transistor Characteristics and Approximations
Transistor Static Characteristics - Common Base Test Circuit - Common Base Static - Characteristics - Common
Emitter Test Circuit - Common Emitter Static Characteristics - Common Collector Static Characteristics -
Different Ways of Drawing 'Transistor Circuits - Common Base Formulas Common Emitter Formulas -
Common Collector Formulas - The Beta Rule - Importance of V ce - Cut-off and Saturation Points - Normal DC
Voltage Transistor Indications - Transistor Fault Location - Solving Universal Stabilization Circuit
- Notation for Voltages and Currents - Increase / Decrease Notation - Applying AC to a DC Biased Transistor
- Transistor AC/DC
Analysis -Conventional problems
(20) Load Lines and DC Bias Circuits
DC Load Line - Q-point and Maximum Undistorted Output - Need for Biasing a Transistor - Factors Affecting
Bias Variations - Stability ; Factor - Beta Sensitivity - Stability Factor for CB and OF Circuits - Different
Methods for Transistor BiaSing - Base Bias - Base Bias with Emitter Feedback - Bate Bias with Collector
Feedback - Base Bias with Collector and Emitter Feedbacks - Voltage Divider Bias - Load Line and Output
Characteristics - AC Lmid Line - Conventional Problems'

(21) Transistor Equivalent Circuits and Mode

General DC Equivalent Circuit - AC Equivalent Circuit -equivalent Circuit of a CB Amplifier -Effect of Source
Resistance RS on Voltage Gain - Equivalent circuit of a CE Amplifier – Effect of Source Resistance RS - Equivalent
Circuit of a CC Amplifier -Low-frequency Model or Representation - Genera; - T-Model - Formulas for T-
Equivalent of a CB Circuit - Equivalent of a CB Circuit - T-Equivalent of a CE Circuit What are h-parameters ? - The
h-parameter Formulas for Notation for Transistors - The h-parameters of an Ideal Transistor -, The h-parameters
of an Ideal CB Transistor - The h-parameters of an Idal CE, Transistor - Approximate Hybrid Equivalent Circuits
Typical Values of Transistor h-parameters - Hybrid Formulas for Transistor Amplifier - Approximate Hybrid
Formulas -Conventional Problems
(22) Single- Stage Transistor Amplifiers
Classification of Amplifiers – Common Base (CB) Amplifier – Various Glans of a CB Amplifier- Characteristics of a
CB Amplifier – Characteristics of a CE Amplifier – Common Collector (CC) Amplifier – Various Gains of a CC
Amplifier – Characteristics of a CC Amplifier – Uses – Comparison of Amplifier Configurations –Amplifier
Classification Based on Biasing Condition – Graphic Representation Class A Amplifiers – Power Distribution in a
class A Amplifier – Power Rectangle – Power Efficiency Maximum AC Power in Load – Transformer-coupled, Class
A Amplifier Class B Amplifier- Power Relations for Class B Operation – Maximum Values- Class –B Push –Pull
Amplifier- Crossover Distortion – Power Efficiency of Push-Pull Amplifiers – Complementary Symmetry Push-Pull
Class-B Amplifier – Class C Amplifier- Tuned Amplifier – Distortion in Amplifier – Non-linear Distortion-
Intermodulation Distortion- Frequency Distortion – Phase or Delay Distortion – Noise

(23) Multistage Amplifiers

General ‘--- Amplifier Coupling- RC-Coupled Two stage Amplifier – Advantages of RC Coupling } Impedance-
Coupled Two –stage Amplifier- Advantages of Impedance Coupling – Transformer – coupled Two Stage Amplifier
– Advantages of Transformer Cupling – Frequency Response – Applications – Direct- coupled Two- stage
Amplifier Using Similar Transistors – Direct-coupled Amplifier Using Complementary Symmetry of Two
Transistors – Darlington Pair –Advantages of Darlington Pair – Comparison between Darlington Pair and Emitter
Follower – Special Features of a Differential Amplifier – Common Model Input – Differential Amplifier –
Conventional problems

(24) Decibels and Frequency Response

The Decibel System - Other Expressions for Power Gain - Voltage and Current Levels - Characteristics of the
Decibel System - Value of I dB Zero Decibel Reference Level - Variations In Amplifier Gain with Frequency -
Changes in Voltage and Power Levels - Causes of Gain Variation.: Miller Effect - Cut-off Frequencies of Cascaded
Amplifiers - Transistor Cut-off Frequencies - Alpha Cut-off Frequency - Beta Cut-off :Frequency - The f t of a
Transistor - Relation Between fa,fband f t Gain-Bandwidth Product - Conventional Problems
(25) Feedback Amplifier
Feedback Amplifiers – Principal of Feedback Amplifiers – Advantages of Negative Feedback – Gain Stability –
Decreased Distortion- Increased Bandwidth – Forms of Negative Feedback – Shunt- derived Series-fed Voltage
Feedback – Current –Series Feedback Amplifier – Voltage-shunt Negative Feedback Amplifier – Current –shunt
Negative Feedback Amplifier –Conventional Problems.

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(26) Field Effect Transistor
What is a FET? Junction FET (JEFT) – Static Characteristics of a JFET – JFET Drain Characteristic with V GS = 0 –JFET
Characteristic with External Bias – Transfer Characteristic – Small Signal JFET Parameters DC Biasing of a JFET –DC
Load Line – Common Source JFET

Amplifier - JEFF on an IC Chip - Advantages of FETs - MOSFET or IGFET DE MOSFET - Schematic Symbols for a DE
MOSFET - Static Characteristics of a DE MOSFET - Enhancement only N-channel MOSFET Tr?risfer Characteristic -
FETs as Switches - FET Applications - MOS-FET Handling

(27) Breakdown Devices

What are Breakdown Devices ? Uni junction Transistor - UJT Relaxation Oscillator - Silicon Controlled Rectifier -
C10° Phase Control - Theft Alarm - Triac -Diac - Silicon Controlled Switch (SCS)

(28) Sinusoidal Oscillators

What is an Oscillator? - Comparison between an Amplifier and an Oscillator - Classification of Oscillators - Damped
an Undamped Oscillations - The Oscillatory Circuit - Frequency of Oscillatory Current - Frequency Stability of an
Oscillator - Essentials of a Feedback LC Oscillator - Tuned Base Oscillator - Tuned Collector Oscillator - Tuned Drain
Oscillator (FET) - Hartley Oscillator - FET Hartley Oscillator - Colpitts Oscillator - Clapp Oscillator – FETColpitts
Oscillator - Crystals - Crystal Controlled Oscillator - Transistor Pierce Crystal Oscillator - FET Pierce Oscillator - Phase
Shift Principle - Phase Shift Oscillator - Wien Bridge Oscillator

(29) Noninusoidal Oscillators

Nonsinusoidal Waveforms 't-Classification of Nonsinusoidal Oscillators Pulse Definitions - Basic Requirements of a
Sawtoo0 Generator -U3T Sawtooth Generator – Muiti vibrators (MV) – Uses of Multi vibrators - Astable Multi vibrator
– Mono stable Multi vibrator (MMV) –Bi stable Multi vibrator (BMV) - Schmitt Trigger -Transistor Blocking Oscillator

(30) Modulation and DeModulation

Introduction - What is a Carrier Wave? - Radio Frequency Spectrum Sound - Need for Modulation - Radio
Broadcasting - Modulation Methods of Modulation - Amplitude Modulation - Per cent Modulation Upper and Lower
Side Frequencies - Upper and Lower Sidebands - Mathematical Analysis of a Modulated Carrier Wave - Power
Relations in an AM Wave - Forms of Amplitude Modulation - Generation of SSB - Methods of Amplitude Modulation -
Block Diagram of an AM Transmitter - Modulating Amplifier Circuit - Frequency Modulation - Frequency Deviation
and Carrier Swing - Modulation Index'-Deviation Ratio - Per cent Modulation - FM Sidebands ;- Modulation index and
Number of Sidebands - Mathematical Expression for FM Wave - Demodulation or Detection - Essentials of AM
Detection - Diode Detector for AM Signals - Transistor Detectors for AM Signals - FM Detection - Quadrature Detector
- Frequency Conversion - Super heterodyne AM Receiver - FM Receiver - Comparison between AM and FM - The Four
Fields of FM - Conventional Problems
(31) Integrated Circuits
Introduction - What is an Integrated Circuit? - Advantages of ICs - Drawbacks of ICs - Scale of Integration - Classification
of ICs by Structure Comparison between Different ICs -Classification of ICs by Function Linear Integrated Circuits (UCs) -
Digital Integrated Circuits - IC Terminology - How Monolithic ICs are Made? - le Symbols - Fabrication of IC Components
- Complete Monolithic Integrated Circuits - Popular Applications of ICs MOS Integrated Circuits - What is an OP-AMP?
OP-AMP Symbol - Polarity Conventions - Ideal Operational Amplifier - Virtual Ground and Summing Point - Why Vi is
Reduced to almost Zero? - OP-AMP Applications - Linear Amplifier - Unity Follower - Adder or Summer - Subtractor -
Integrator - Differentiator - Comparator
(32) Number Systems
Number of Systems -The Decimal Number System - Binary System Binary to Decimal Conversion - Binary Fractions -
Double-D add Method - Decimal to Binary Conversion - Shifting the Place Point - Binary Operations - Binary Addition -
Binary Subtraction - Complement of a Number - 1 is Complemental Subtraction - 2's Complemental Subtraction -
Binary Multiplication - 8i4ry Division - Shifting a Number to Left or Right - Representation of Binary Numbers as
Electrical Signals - Octal Number System - Octal to Decimal Conversion – Decimal to Octal Conversion – Binary to
Octal Conversion – Octal to Binary Conversion – Advantages of Octal Number System, Hexadecimal Number System –
How to Count beyond F in Hex Number System? --- Binary to Hexadecimal conversion – Hexadecimal to Binary
Conversion – Conventional Problems.

(33)Logic Gates
Definition - Positive and Negative Logic - The OR Gate - Equivalent Relay Circuit of an OR Gate - Diode OR Gate -
Transistor OR Gate OR Gate Symbolizes Logic Addition - Three Input OR Gate - Exclusive OR Gate - The AND Gate -
Equivalent Relay Circuit of an AND Gate. Diode AND Gate — Transistor AND Circuit - AND Gate SymbolizesLogic
Multiplication - The NOT Gate - Equivalent Circuits for a NOT Gate The NOT Operation ' Bubbled Gates The NOR Gate
- NOR Gate is a Universal Gate - The NAND Gate - NAND sate is a Universal Gate The XNOR Gate - Logic Gates at a
Glance - Adders and Subtractors Half Adder - Full Adder - Parallel Binary Adder -Half Subtractor - Full Subtractor -
Conventional Problems

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(34) Boolean Algebra
Introduction - Unique Feature of Boolean Algebra - Lay of Boolean Algebra - Equivalent Switching Circuits - De
Morgans Theorems - Duals - Conventional Problems

(35) Logic Families

Main Logic Families Saturated and Non-saturated Logic Circuits - Characteristics of Logic Families - RTL Circuit -
DTL Circuit -- '- TTL Circuits -TTL Subfamilies -ECL Circuit —I2L_ Circuit - MOS Family - PMOS Circuit - NMOS ,
Circuit - CMOS Circuit

(36) Transducer
What is a Transducer? - Classification of Transducers • Classification based on Electrical Principle Involved - Resistive
Position Transducer - Resistive Pressure Transducer –-;-Inductive pressure Transducer - - Capacitive Pressure
Transducer - Self-generating Inductive Transducers - Linear Variable Differential Transformer (.VDT) - Piezoelectric
Transducer - Strain Gauge Temperature Transducers - Resistance Temperature Detectors - Thermistor -
Thermocouples - Ultrasonic Temperature Transducers - photoelectric Transducers - Various Types of Microphones -
Carbon Microphone Ribbon Microphone - Moving-Coil (Me) Microphone - Crystal Microphone - Ceramic
Microphone - Capacitor Microphone - The Electret Microphone The Loudspeaker

(37) Electronic Instruments

Introduction - Analog and Digital Instruments - Function of Instruments - Electronic versus Electrical Instruments -
Essentials of an Electronic Instrument - Measurement Standards - The Basic Meter Movement - Characteristics of
Moving Coil Meter Movement - Variations of Basic Meter Movement - Converting Basic Meter to DC Ammeter –
Multi range Meter - Measurement of Current - Converting Basic Meter to DC Voltmeter Multi range DC Voltmeter -
Loading Effect of a Voltmeter - Ohmmeter The Multimeter - Rectifier Ty e AC Meter Electronic Voltmeters - The
Direct Current VTVM - Comparison of VOM and VTVM - Direct Current PET VM - Electronic Voltmeter for Alternating
Currents - The Digital Voltmeter (DVM) -Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO) - Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) - Deflection
Sensitivity f a CRT - Normal Operation of a CRO Triggered and Non-triggered Scopes - Dual Trace CRO - Dual Beam
CRO - Storage Oscilloscope - Sampling CRO - Digital Readout CRO - Lissajous Figures - Frequency Determination with
Lissajous Figures - Applications of a CRO

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