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App 002 Lesson 1 2

This document provides a lesson on determining the structure of academic texts. It begins by defining academic text and discussing its formal, objective style. It then reviews the seven common patterns of text structure: cause and effect, chronological, compare and contrast, order of importance, problem and solution, sequence/process, and spatial/descriptive. Examples are provided for each pattern. The document also covers summarizing and paraphrasing academic texts, defining each technique and providing guidance on how to successfully summarize and paraphrase. It aims to help readers identify the structure of academic texts and effectively summarize and paraphrase their content.

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Rhea Ann Ramirez Ventura
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71 views40 pages

App 002 Lesson 1 2

This document provides a lesson on determining the structure of academic texts. It begins by defining academic text and discussing its formal, objective style. It then reviews the seven common patterns of text structure: cause and effect, chronological, compare and contrast, order of importance, problem and solution, sequence/process, and spatial/descriptive. Examples are provided for each pattern. The document also covers summarizing and paraphrasing academic texts, defining each technique and providing guidance on how to successfully summarize and paraphrase. It aims to help readers identify the structure of academic texts and effectively summarize and paraphrase their content.

Uploaded by

Rhea Ann Ramirez Ventura
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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APP 002

English for Academic


and Professional
Purposes
JULY 11, 2022
CONNECT
What is Academic Text?
Academic Text is a kind of text commonly
characterized with being formal, studied, researched,
objective, exact, direct and has the ability to influence
its readers.
What do I know about…
1. Different patterns of organization in a text
structure?
2. Structure of a specific academic text?
COACH
Lesson: DETERMINING THE
STRUCTURE OF ACADEMIC TEXTS
Lesson Objectives:
o I can recall the different patterns of
organization in a text structure;
o I can determine the structure of a specific
academic text.
What is Text Structure?
Refers to HOW details and INFORMATION in
a passage/text are ORGANIZED
7 Commonly Used
Patterns of Organization
CAUSE and EFFECT
This structure presents the causal relationship
between specific event, idea, or concept

and the

events, ideas, or concepts that follow


CHRONOLOGICAL
The information in the passage is organized
based on TIME.

found in most narrative texts, where the plot unfolds over time. More
complex texts use literary devices, such as flashbacks and foreshadowing
to implicitly establish time order/chronology
COMPARE & CONTRAST
This pattern examines the SIMILARITIES and
DIFFERENCES between two or more things,
concepts or ideas.

shows similarities and dissimilarities between objects, actions, ideas, or


processes. Headings and subheadings generally provide extra
support/signals to readers about this structure. Often one paragraph is
dedicated to similarities and another to differences.
ORDER OF IMPORTANCE
The information in this pattern is expressed as
a
HIERARCHY or in PRIORITY

information can be structured from most important to least important or


least important to most important. Both structures would be considered as
the order of importance text structure.
PROBLEM & SOLUTION
This pattern describes a PROBLEM and a
response or SOLUTION is PROPOSED or
EXPLAINED

This pattern may follow a number of different forms. At one extreme, the
problem and solution are labeled as such. At the other extreme, the
pattern is a series of questions and answers that may or may not lead to a
resolution of the problem or issue.
SEQUENCE / PROCESS
The information in this pattern is organized in
STEPS or a PROCESS is explained in the
ORDER in which it occurs.

In this pattern, steps or phases of a process or project are specified


without cause-effect relationships being implied. A recipe or procedure for
a science investigation would be example of differing complexity.
SPATIAL / DESCRIPTIVE
The information in this pattern is organized in
order of SPACE (top to bottom, left to right)

This pattern usually covers a larger piece of writing rather than a single
paragraph. An introductory paragraph is provided which states the topic
and facilitates the listing or elaboration of important descriptions,
characteristics, or attributes.
Let’s Review!

Text Structure – How information in a text is


organized
Let’s Review!
Pattern of Organization–
1. Cause and Effect – Results of Something
2. Chronological – Time
3. Compare and Contrast – Similarities & Differences
4. Order of Importance – Hierarchy or Priority
5. Problem and Solution – Problem – Response
6. Sequence/Process – Steps
7. Spatial/Descriptive – Space / Description
Lesson: SUMMARIZING AND
PARAPHRASING ACADEMIC TEXTS
Lesson Objectives:
1. I can identify the best summary and
paraphrase for an academic text;
2. I can paraphrase an academic text
3. I can summarize an academic text
What do I know about…
1. Paraphrasing
2. Summarizing
What is Summary?
A short abbreviated version of a longer text.
(about a quarter of its original length)

a statement presenting the main points shorter version of a text.


Purpose of Summary
1. To help understand the main points and
structure of the author’s argument
2. To convey understanding to others.
3. To present background information quickly.
4. To refer to another writer’s ideas in the
course of making own statement.
How to Summarize
1. Select keywords
2. Reject
3. Substitute
4. Merge
5. Make it a point to be succinct
What is Paraphrase?
A RESTATEMENT and restructuring of ideas
for the purpose of clarifying the meaning of a
text.

Restatement means that you rephrase the


original text using your own words.
How to Paraphrase
1. Read
2. Reword
3. Rephrase
4. Gist
Remember!
To Summarize – to write in a
shorter version of the original

To Paraphrase – to restate the


original using your own words.
CHECK
Lesson 1
Check for Understanding
Identify the organizational pattern of each text .
Lesson 2
Check for Understanding
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_b8cqkbt9u0
Thank you!

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