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STM 009 Reviewer

The document provides an overview of key concepts for conducting research: 1) It describes the steps in completing a research or capstone project, including selecting a problem, reviewing literature, formulating hypotheses, designing methodology, collecting and analyzing data, and concluding. 2) It explains that a research problem is a question to be answered or problem to be solved, and should be well-defined. 3) Mind mapping is introduced as a visual tool to structure information and develop ideas, using images, keywords, and curved lines to connect concepts. 4) Signposting, note taking, conceptual frameworks, theoretical frameworks, independent and dependent variables, and hypotheses are also summarized as important elements of the research process

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199 views2 pages

STM 009 Reviewer

The document provides an overview of key concepts for conducting research: 1) It describes the steps in completing a research or capstone project, including selecting a problem, reviewing literature, formulating hypotheses, designing methodology, collecting and analyzing data, and concluding. 2) It explains that a research problem is a question to be answered or problem to be solved, and should be well-defined. 3) Mind mapping is introduced as a visual tool to structure information and develop ideas, using images, keywords, and curved lines to connect concepts. 4) Signposting, note taking, conceptual frameworks, theoretical frameworks, independent and dependent variables, and hypotheses are also summarized as important elements of the research process

Uploaded by

Rhea Ann Ramirez Ventura
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STM 009 THIRD ACHIEVEMENT TEST

Sir Rain Vicente

A. Research

A research or capstone project is an integrating and culminating experience for students. Here,
you will apply all that you have learned from the beginning so that you can to either answer a research
question, or develop a product, or to solve a problem in the community. It is more like the investigatory
project you have performed in high school.

Steps in in Completing a research or capstone project

1. Select a Problem and Define a problem


2. Review the Scientific Literature
3. Formulate Hypotheses (Null and Alternative)
4. Design Methodology
5. Collect Data
6. Analyze Data
7. Conclusion and Recommendation
8. Panel Defense

A Research Problem is a question that a researcher wants to answer or a problem that a researcher
wants to solve within the context of either a theoretical or practical situation. Research questions should
be well-defined and specific.

B. Mind map

Mind Map is a visual thinking tool that helps structure information; helping you to better analyze,
comprehend, synthesize, recall and generate new ideas. As an effective graphical way to represent concepts, it
gives you the freedom to navigate the full range of your brain capacities as it controls and makes use of your
cortical skills (word, image, number, logic, rhythm, color and spatial awareness), in a single, uniquely powerful
manner. Best of all, the Mind Map can be applied to every aspect of life where improved learning and clearer
thinking will enhance human performance.

7 Steps in Making a Mind Map

1. Start at the center.


2. Use an image or Picture for your central idea.
3. Connect main branches to main idea.
4. Connect main branches to main idea.
5. Be sure to use curve lines.
6. Use one key word per line.

C. Signposting
• Major signposts – signal key aspects of the work, such as purpose, structure, author’s stance,
main points, direction of the argument, conclusions.

Linking words and phrases – show connections between sentences and paragraphs.

D. NOTE TAKING (APA Format)

APA – American Psychological Association

Review the Three (3) stages of Note Taking. Module 4. (Do not memorize).
1|Third Achievement Test Reviewer
E. Conceptual and Theoretical Framework

Conceptual Framework

A conceptual framework is a representation of the relationship you expect to see between your
variables, or the characteristics or properties that you want to study. Conceptual frameworks can be
written or visual and are generally developed based on a literature review of existing studies about your
topic. Conceptual framework is the basic of your research problem.

How to make a Conceptual Framework.

• Choose a theory for the study.


• Identify the Variables
• Construct the paradigm Using the variables.

Theoretical Framework

Theoretical Framework consists of the theories or issues in which the study is embedded.

F. Independent and Dependent variable

In research, variables are any characteristics that can take on different values, such as height, age,
temperature, or test scores.

Researchers often manipulate or measure independent and dependent variables in studies to test cause-
and-effect relationships.

The independent variable is the cause. Its value is independent of other variables in your study.

The dependent variable is the effect. Its value depends on changes in the independent variable.

Example:

You design a study to test whether changes in room temperature have an effect on math test scores.

• Your independent variable is the temperature of the room. You vary the room
temperature by making it cooler for half the participants, and warmer for the other half.

•Your dependent variable is math test scores. You measure the math skills of all
participants using a standardized test and check whether they differ based on room
temperature.
G. Hypothesis

Hypotheses – An hypothesis is a specific statement of prediction or more likely an educated guess.

Types of Hypotheses

1. Null Hypothesis (Ho) - The null hypothesis is a characteristic arithmetic theory suggesting that no
statistical relationship and significance exists in a set of given, single, observed variables between
two sets of observed data and measured phenomena.
2. Alternative Hypothesis (Ha) - The alternative hypothesis (Ha) is the other answer to your
research question. It claims that there's an effect in the population. Often, your alternative
hypothesis is the same as your research hypothesis. In other words, it's the claim that you expect or
hope will be true.

2|Third Achievement Test Reviewer

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