Practical-1 object Familiarization with computer system and its peripheral devices. Computer is an electronic device which helps us to do calculation or other work in a fraction by fine An electronic device which is capable of receiving information (data) in a particular form and/or «rform a sequence of operations in accordance with a predetermined but variable set of procedural sstruction® (program) to produce a result in the form of information or signals. input devices Input devices are those devices which gives input to our computer. Example : Keyboard, Mouse, Light Pen, Microphone etc. output devices Output devices are those devices which gives us output after processing. Example : Printer, Monitor, Speaker, Plotter etc. Peripheral devices Peripheral devices are those devices which are Physically (outerly) connected like our input and cutput devices with the processing system or C.P.U. Example : Mouse, Keyboard, Monitor etc. ‘Some devices 1. Monitor : A monitor is an output device that displays information in pictorial form. A monitor usually comprises the display device, circuitry, casing and power supply. 2. Pen drive : A pen drive, or a USB flash drive, is a portable data-storage device. Pen drives have replaced the floppy drives of old and have become the most popular data-storage devices among consumers. 3. Mouse.: A computer mouse motion relative to a surface. TI ona display, which allows a smooth control of the grap! 4. Microphone : A microphone, colloquially nicnamed mic or mike, is a transducer that converts sound into an electrical signal. 5. Printer : A Printer is a peripheral devices whi representation of graphics or text on paper. is a hand-held pointing device that detects two-dimentional his motion is typically translated into the motion of a pointer ical user interface. ‘ich makes a persistent human readable Qaae " Practical-2 Object : Familiarization with operating sy tom Operating Sys ; * dperating system is a combine program which is used mp. Whe J orcas bait here was no any’ operating sysicm, This was very difficult for User and coma pete In 197 stem was written by Greckil dal. sed by micro computer. When the fr system, In 1973 a operating sys » "For example : CPM, Control program for micro computer. 0 : ‘Some popular systems include Linuxwindow, OSX, VMS, OS/400, AIX, Z/OS ete, Operating system is a program which works between the user and the hardware. This prove a environment in which the user can run your program. There are two types of operating system user (@ Single User (ii) Multi User Types of Operating System @ Batch Operating System : This type of operating system do not interact with computer directly. There is an operator which takes similar jobs having same requirement ant me them into batches. It isthe responsibility of operator to sort the jobs with similar neeq. For example : Bank statements, Payroll system ete. Gi) Distributed Operating System : A distributed operating system isa software over a collection of independent networked, communicating and physically separate computational nodes. Each individual node holds a specific software subset of the global aggregate operating system. For example : LOCUS etc. iil) Time-Sharing Operating System : Each task has given some time to execute, so thatall the tasks work smoothly. Each user gets time of CPU as they use single system. These systems are known as multi-tasking system. The task can be from single user or from different users also, The time that each task gets to execute is called quantum, After this time interval is over OS switches over to next task. For example : Multics, Unix etc. v) Real-Time Operating System : These types of OSs serves the real-time systems. The time intetoal Gas : missile system, air traffic control systems robots etc, For example : Scientific experiments, weapon system, robot etc. ) ) Network Operating Systems : These system runs on a server and provides the capability 0 manage data, users, groups, Security, applications and other networking functions. These pe of operating ‘ystems allows shared access of files, printers, security applications am other networking functions over a small private network, One more important aspect ofseca 1195 ees a that all the users are well aware of the underlying configuration, of all ites fens the network their individual connections etc that’s why these computers popularly known as tightly coupied systems, For example : Microsoft windows server 2003, UNIX, Linux ete. aPractical-3 Object Practice of Inter and external commands of DOS. Internal commands of DOS These commands are always available with DOS. Because these command get collected by g the memory during booting time. These are collected in the COMMAND. Com program file, commands are always present in the computer till the system get shut down. se Examples : DIR ~ Directory DEL > Delete REN > Rename Copy type —> Copy Uses of Internal Commands 1. CLS Syntax > C :\>CLS This command is used to clear the monitor screen. 2. TIME Syntax > C :\> TIME This command is used to set the time or change the time. 3.DIR Syntax > C :\> DIR This command is used to show the directory. Its also used to see command directory. 4. VOL Syntax > C :\> VOL This command is used to show the disk name or serial Number. External Commands of DOS Example: FORMAT CHKDSK PRINT DISK COPYdeace 1191 yseS of External Commands 4, TREE Syntax > C :/> TREE. This command is used to show a tree ol directory or sub directry. |, RESTORE Syntax + C :/> RESTORE This command is used to copy the saved data in hard disk. 3.PRN Syntax > C:/>PRNA This command is used to print any drive’s directory. 41S Syntax —> C :/> DIRS J This command is used to search any file.Practical-4 Object e Working practice words processing : Creating file/folder copying, moving, deleting file folder. Create a file or folder Step-1 : On the desktop (main screen), right click on the My computer icon. Step-2 : Select explore from the list that appears... Step-3 : To keep things simple we are going to create a folder in My document. Step-4 : Right click in any empty Space in the right pane. Siep-S : Select New from the list and it will expand. Copying or moving a file or folder 1 If you want to copying or moving of file/folder you can open the folder that contains the file you ‘Want to move and drag it to the folder you want to put it in, Locate the file or folder you want to moves or copy. Select the files and then you have to follow the following steps : a Step-1 : Select the file or folder; then Step-2 : Choose Edit — Cut or Edit > Copy, move the place where you want to move or copy the file or folder choose. : Step-3 : Edit -> Paste or the choose Right click 11 context Menu —> Paste command. Deleting a file or folder Step-1 : Select the item you want to delete, 4 Step-2 : Press and hold the Shift key and then press the delete key on your keyboard. Step-3 : Because you cannot undo this, you will be asked to conti file or folder. firm that you want to delete the Qafrewea 1 201 iG Practical-6 > Object Installation and Uninstallation of new hardware drivers using Control Panel. Installation of new hardware drivers using Control Panel Step-1 : Open Start Step- + Go to the Control panel Step-3 : Search for device manger, click the top result to open the experience. Step-4 : Expand the category with the hardware you want to update. Step-5 : Right-click the device, and select Update Driver. Step-6 : Click the Browse my computer for software option. Step-7 : Click the Browse button Uninstallation of new hardware drivers using Control Panel Step-1 : Click start Step-2 : Go to the Control Panel, Step-3 : Then type Device Manager, and press enter. Step-4 : Find and double click the category of device whose driver you wish to uninstall, for example, the graphics cards would be listed under display Adapters. ight-click the device.Practical-2_ 6 Object Disk Defragmentation using system tool. The process of defragmentation moves the data blocks on the hard drive around to bring all the parts ofa file together. Defragmentation reduces file system fragmentation increasing the efficiency of data retrieval and there by improving the overall performance of the computer. At the same time, it cleans the storage and provides additional storage capacity. In addition, users may use tools for storage media defragmentation such as Microsoft windows 2000 : This OS is equipped with defragmentation tools, which are more efficient than those found in earlier windows OS. Microsoft windows 98 : This OS Contains a built-in defragmentation tool available via the system’s tool menu. Microsoft windows NT : This OS was released without a defragmentation because its new technology file system (NTFS) was designed for automatic system defragmentation tools are often used. Qbe Practical-10 “| Object Changing resolution, colour, appearances and screen saver option of the display. Changing the Resolution of the Screen Step-1 : In windows 7, click start, click control panel, then click display. Step-2 : To change the size of text and windows, click medium or larger then click Apply. Step-3 : Right click the desktop and click screen resolution. Step-4 : Click the image of the monitor that you want to adjust. Changing the Color in Windows 7 ‘Step-1 : Right click the desktop background and select personalize. Step-2 : Click window color, then select the color square you want. Step-3 : Click advanced appearance settings. Step-4 : Click the element to be changed in the item menu, then adjust appropriate settings, such as color, font or size etc. Changing the screen saver of the display Step-1 : Right click the desktop and choose personalize. The personalization window appears. Step-2 : Click the screen saver button, Step-3 : From the screen saver drop-down list, choose a screen saver... Step-4 : Click OK, and then click the close button,qrecorsy cir Practical-11_ 5 Changing System Date and time, Step-1 : Click the start button, then; Step-2 : Click on the clock in the lower Tight comer of the screen. Step-3 : Go to change date and time setting. Step-4 : Under the date and time tab click change date and time. Step-S : In the date and time Settings window, set the appropriate date and time. Then click OK. Step-6 : Now, click OK in the Date and Time window, ace Practical-13° ’ at pject Internet browsing using browsers rst we go to the desktop screen, then select or click on any bowser like googl ogle crome, step- UC Browser, Explorer etc. | slep-2: For runing this proces pug wil be open or display onthe sereen step: Aer tis a search bar wil display. Type anything which we want search and then click to go. Step-4 : After the above process, which we have search on, it will come on the screen or display : the screen. is our system should be connected to the internet. Then, a required eps we nun our browsers and search anything on it By these st 0 Practical-14 ‘ Object Using of search engine to Search engine is a set of program to optim get information from internet ze a web page and enlist those while searching as per séarch query. Search engine is designed to help you to find information stored on the web to your computer system. The search engine allows you to ‘make a query usually with a word or phrase or retrives a list of items that best match the criteria you have requested the most common purpose serch engine are Yahoo, Googl, AOL, Altavista, Excite, HOT BOT, Intoseek, Duck go, Ask com, Bing, tycos etc. Bing : Bing is newer search engine among the mentioned search engines. It is developed by microsoft coporation. It has replaced mostly MSN (Microsoft Network) search engine of its own developer team. This is very interactive and user friendly search engine. Yahoo : Yahoo is another most popular search engine across the globe and is used world wide. This is very web portal contains number of services with very een home page. Google : It is a web portal contains numbers of services like mail Books, Translate, Map, Google +and so on. Lycos : Lycos is a for older than these above seare! as directory search to its home page. Q h engines. It provides key word search as well | | | | |